Directions: In the given questions out of the four alternatives, choose the one which best expresses the

meaning of the given word . 1. Deposit (a) Degrade (c) Place 2. Depart (a) Decamp (c) Display 3. Portion (a) Gallery (c) Site 4. Exact (a) True (c) Elusive 5. Indignant (a) Bend (c) Gratified 6. Incur (a) Elude (c) Mount 7. Caustic (a) Acrid (c) Cavil 8. Cavity (a) Cave (c) Class 9. Charge (a) Crack (c) Accuse 10. Catastrophic (a) Callous (c) Calamitous 11. Discretion (a) Rashness (c) Carefulness 12. Imperative (a) Optional (b) Authoritative (b) Careless (d) Disgrace (b) Dull (d) Continuous (b) Right (d) Claim (b) Hollow (d) Origin (b) Mild (d) clue (b) Enhance (d) Acquire (b) Faulty (d) Angry (b) Pattern (d) Close (b) Divest (d) Degrade (b) Fragment (d) Case (b) Dethrone (d) Removal

(c) Elective 13. Opportunity (a) Chance (c) Artisan 14. Numerate (a) Compute (c) Nudge 15. Noise (a) Quiet (c) Placid 16. Nimble (a) Clumsy (c) Silent 17. Nerve (a) Courage (c) Fragile 18. Notch (a) Designate (c) Cut 19. Proclaim (a) Conceal (c) Disguise 20. Profane (a) Hallow (c) Dedicate

(d) Voluntary (b) Omission (d) Vital

(b) Denude (d) Account (b) Blare (d) Peaceful (b) Lump (d) Agile (b) Weakness (d) Lame (b) Beck (d) Rule (b) Cover (d) Announce (b) Debase (d) Consecrate

Answers 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (c) (c) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (d) 20. (c)

11.

ANTONYMS Antonyms: This word comes from ancient Greek words anti and onoma where anti means opposite and onoma means name. The literal meaning of

antonyms is the opposite which means the word which has opposite meaning. For example; Day Night, Long Short, Up Down, Small Large, etc. Example: Q. Find the opposite word Concur. (a) Disagree (b) Disappear (c) Disarrange (d) Discourage Answer: The synonyms for Concur are agree, cooperate, combine etc. Therefore the antonym for agree is disagree. Hence right answer is (a). Exercise Direction: In the given questions, choose the word opposite in meaning to the given word and mark it in the Answer Sheet. 1. Condensation (a) Abridgment (c) Compression 2. Condemn (a) Praise 3. Encroach (a) Creep 4. Endeavour (a) Aim 5. Ferocious (a) Barbarous 6. Fastidious (a) Censorious 7. Greasy (a) Lean 8. Hallow (a) Consecrate 9. Harmonize (a) Accord (b) Differ 10. Hazard (a) Adventure 11. Herculean (a) Athletic 12. Hypothesis (a) Proof 13. Impulsive (b) Conjecture (c) Supposition (d) Theory (b) Colossal (c) Feeble (d) Strong (b) Risk (c) Secure (d) Peril (c) Agree (d) Cohere (b) Desecrate (c) Dedicate (d) Devote (b) Oily (c) Fatty (d) Sebaceous (b) Critical (c) Dainty (d) Careless (b) Bloody (c) Brutal (d) Humane (b) Try (c) Abandon (d) Effort (b) Infringe (c) Intrude (d) Recede (b) Censure (c) Disapproval (d) Doom (b) Broadening (d) Concentration

(a) Deliberate 14. Incomplete (a) Absolute 15. Incurable (a) Hopeless 16. Judicious (a) Cautious (c) Cool 17. Knot (a) Complication (c) Difficulty 18. Lament (a) Complain (c) Cry (a) Caption (a) Dereliction Answers 1. (b) 2. (a) 9. (b) 10. (c) 12. (a) 13. (a) 20. (d) 19. Legend

(b) Careless (b) Defective

(c) Hasty (c) Faulty

(d) Impetuous (d) Partial (d) Cureless

(b) Irrecoverable (c) Remediable (b) Considerate (d) Rash (b) Simplicity (d) Entanglement (b) Moan

(d) Rejoice (b) Fact (b) Evil (c) Fiction (d) Myth (d) Right

20. Malpractice (c) Misbehavior

3. (d) 11. (c) 14. (a)

4. (c) 15. (c)

5. (d) 16. (d)

6. (d) 17. (b)

7. (a)

8. (b) 19. (b)

18. (d)

SPOTTING THE ERROR Spotting errors forms an important part of all the competitive Examinations that have objective questions. These questions requires a proper Knowledge of all the basic rules of Grammar such as noun, pronoun, adjective, adverb, Conjunction, preposition, parts of Speech, tenses, participles etc. There are certain rules that every student should keep in their mind before attempting the questions from this chapter. Some Basic Rules 1. There are some nouns that always take singular verb. Example: Mathematics, Physics, rice, furniture, Stationary, News, advice etc. (a) Ram has given advices. (This is incorrect) Ram has given advice. (This is correct) (b) Physics are a difficult subject. (This is incorrect) Physics is a difficult Subject. (This is correct) (c) Raghav has sold his furnitures. (This is incorrect) Raghav has sold many pieces of his furniture. (This is correct) 2. There are some nouns that are singular in nature but take a plural form and always use a plural verb. Example: People, Company, Police etc. (a) People is very crazy. (This is incorrect) People are very Crazy (This is correct) 3. There are some nouns that are used in a plural form and always use a plural verb. Example: Thanks, Scissors, goods etc. (a) Her scissors was stolen. (This is incorrect) Her scissors were stolen. (This is correct) 4. There are some nouns like metre, dozen, year etc. They remain unchanged when they preceded by a numeric number. (a) Raju have five dozens of shoes. (This is incorrect) Raju have five dozen of shoes. (This is correct) 5. There are some common mistakes that students should avoid before attempting the questions. Incorrect Correct Cousin-brother or Cousin sister English teacher Teacher of English Lecturership Lectureship Family members Members of the family 6. Always use which for lifeless things and whose for living things. (a) Which photo is this? (This is incorrect) Whose photo is this? (This is correct) Solved Examples

1. Many people decide / (b) not to buy a car /(c) last Diwali because of / (d) the high price of petrol last year./ (e) No error. (IBPS Clerk, 2011) The answer is (a) Replace decide with decided . 2. (a) My brother lived at the top / (b) of an old house / (c) which attic had been / (d) converted into a flat./ (e) No error. The answer is (c) Replace which by whose. 3. (a) The doctors helps / (b) to reducing human suffering / (c) by curing disease / (d) and improving health./ (e) No error. (SBI & Associate Banks, 2011) The answer is (b) Replace to by in. 4. (a) All companies must / (b) send its annual report to/ (c) its shareholders twenty one days / (d) before the annual general meeting./ (e) No error. The answer is (a) Use every in place of all. 5. (a) They agreed / (b) to repair the damage / (c) freely of charge / (d)No error. The answer is (c) Replace freely with free Exercise

Directions: Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical mistake/error in it. The error if any will be in one part of the sentence. Mark the number of the part with error as your answer. If there is no error, mark the last option. 1. The Governing Board/ (b) Comprises of / (c) Several distinguished personalities./ (d) No error 2. (a) Each in the office / (b) including Rajesh / (c) knew who had / (d) made the mistake. / (e) No error. 3. (a) Neither my sister nor my brothers / (b) are interested / (c) in moving to another house / (d) No error. 4. (a) Radha was trying for admission / (b) in the Science College / (c) even though her parents wanted/ her to take up medicine./ (e) No error. 5. (a) The company plans / (b) to hire more workers / (c) as there is many / (d) orders during the festival season./ (e) No error. (IBPS Clerk, 2011) 6. (a) Engineering students can / (b) attend their classes / (c) on weekend and / (d) working during the week. / (e) No error (IBPS Clerk, 2011) 7. (a) You should purchase/ (b) this insurance policy/ (c) as the company/ (d) offers many benefits./ (e) No error. 8. (a) Government and business organizations must reduce/ (b) its own energy use/ (c) and promote conservation/ (d) to their citizens and employees./(e) No error (SBI Clerk, 2008) 9. (a) Having acquired some experience/(b) she is no longer/ (c) one of those who believes /(d) every explanation she is given./(e) No error 10. (a) With regard to implementation the/ (b) details of the proposal/ (c) the committee was divided/ (d) in its opinion./(e)No error 11. (a) On discovering that / (b) it was a forgery / (c) he torn up the agreement/ (d) he had signed./ (e) No error (SBI Clerk, 2008) 12. (a) To be an effective manager / (b) it is vital to / (c) know the goals and vision / (d) of your organization. / (e) No error 13. (a) He did not have/ (b) even a rupees/ (c) with him/ (d) no error 14. (a) He have/ (b) five children/ (c) he must provide food for them/ (d) no error 15. (a) He has rise/ (b) to eminence from poverty and/ (c) It is highly creditable (d) no error 16. (a) That young man/ (b) did squandered away / (c) all his patrimony/ (d) no error 17. (a) The robber/ (b) take out a knife/ (c) to frighten the old man / (d) no error 18. (a) If he was / (b) guiltied / (c) his punishment was to light/ (d) no error 19. (a) The farmer is cutting/ (b) the corn/ (c) that has ripening (d) no error 20. (a) He tell me that/ (b) he had finished/ (c) he work/ (d) no error 21. (a) The people regarded/ (b) him as an imposter/ (c) and calling him a villain/ (d) no error 22. (a) The legend/ (b) telling us/ (c) how the castle received its name/ (d) no error

Solution and Explanation 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c) Use had wanted in place of wanted.. 5. (c) Replace is with will be. 7. (e) No error. 8. (b) Use their in place of its 9. (d) Replace is with has 10. (a) Use implement in place of implementation 11. (c) Replace torn with tore 12. (e) No error 13. (b) Replace rupees with rupee 14. (a) Use has in place of have 15. (a) Replace has rise with has risen 16. (b) Use has in place of did 17. (d) No error 18. (b) Use guilty in place of guiltied 19. (c) Use has ripened in place of has ripening 20. (a) Use told in place of tell 21. (c) Use called in place of calling 22. (b) Use told in place of telling SENTENCE COMPLETION Sentence Completion test is one of the most important chapter to check the vocabulary skills of the candidates. In these types of questions a candidate is required to pick out the most effective word from the given words to fill in the blank to make the sentence meaningfully complete. Examples 1. Since one cannot read every book, one should be content with making a _____ selection. (a) normal (b) standard (c) sample (d) moderate (e) judicious 6. (d) Replace working with work.

The answer is (e) judicious. 2. Some people _______ themselves into believing that they are indispensable to the organization they work for. (a) keep (b) fool (c) force (d) denigrate (e) delude

The answer is (e) delude. 3. There is a lovely _______ of the garden from the window of my room. (a) picture (b) view (c) look (d) none of these

The answer is (b) view. 4. Even at the risk of economic loss, she ______ refused to take the beaten track. (a) continuously (b) repeatedly (c) often (d) steadfastly

The answer is (d) steadfastly Exercise Directions (Q.1-10): In each of these questions, one sentence is given with one blank space. Pick out the most effective word from the given alternatives to make the sentence meaningfully complete. 1. Parags behavior is worthy of _____ by all the youngsters. (a) exploration (b) emulation (c) following (d) trial

2. I read Magic because it was ________ by my friend who said it was very interesting. (a) exhorted (b) recommended (c) commended (d) motivated

3. You must ______ your career with all seriousness. (a) guide (b) manage (c) complete (d) pursue

4. Gaurav had to drop his plan of going to market as he had certain _____ to meet during that period. (a) limitations (b) observations (c) transactions (d) commitments

5. Yash was to reach that afternoon but was _____ up at Gwalior for some personal work. (a) went (b) held (c) delayed (d) None of these

6. Raghav _____ for their company since 2001. (a) has been working (b) had worked (c) is working (d) was working

7. Freedom is not a _____ but our birth right. (a) Farce (b) Sin (c) Gift (d) Illusion

8. How much did it _____ to reach Bombay by Car? (a) charge (b) price (c) cost (d) estimate (e) pay

9. We had a _____ of warm weather in January. (a) time (b) length (c) phase (d) spell

10. Her standard of living has ___ since her daughter joined service. (a) up (b) lifted (c) increased (d) risen

Directions (Q.11-15): In each of these questions, two sentences (I) and (II) are given. Each sentence has a blank in it. Five words (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) are suggested. Out of these, only one fits at both the places in the context of each sentence. The number of that word is the answer. 1. (I). I got the grains ____ in the machine. (Clerks Grade, 2011)

(II). I do not have any _____ for doubting him. (a) done (b) basis (c) ground (d) crushed (e) tune

2. (I).We were asked to design a ________ of the dam. (Clerks Grade, 2011) (II). This Institute is a ________ of modern thinking. (a) picture (b) type (c) function (d) fabric (e) model 3. (I). There is a complaint against her that she _____ the mistakes of his juniors. (II). A good thing about this house is that it _____ the sea. (a) promotes (b) ignores (c) examines (d) overlooks (e) faces 4. (I).Out of the total loans __________ by the bank, the largest share was for Infrastructure. (II). The trees are __________ throughout the area. (Clerks Grade, 2011) (a) disbursed (b) covered (c) distributed (d) spanned (e) extended 5. (I). She tried her ____ best to score distinction in Mathematics. (II). It pays to keep _____ head in an emergency. (a) cool (b) utmost (c) very (d) possible Answers (e) level

1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (d) 10. (d) 11. (c) 12. (e) 13. (d)

4. (d)

5. (b) 6. (a) 15. (e)

7. (c)

8. (c)

9. (d)

14. (e)

SENTENCES IMPROVEMENT Sentence improvement is similar to Spotting errors up to certain extent. In this type of questions the candidate is required to examine the error and to find out the correct option from the given alternatives. Examples 1. Subhash would have been looked smart in traditional clothes. (a) would be looked (b) was looked (c) has looked (d) would have looked The correct answer is option (d) would have looked. 2. Since 2009, there is no earthquakes here. (a) are (b) was (c) have been (d) were being The correct answer is option (a) have been. 3. Parthav has got many friends because he has got much money. (a) a lot of money (b) enough money (c) huge money (d) bags of money (e) no improvement The correct answer is option (a) a lot of money 4. Will you lend me few rupees in this hour of need? (Section officers, 1993) (a) borrow me a few rupees (b) land me any rupees (c) lend me a few rupees (d) No improvement The correct answer is option (c) lend me a few rupees. Exercise Directions: In each of the questions given below, a part of the sentence is italicized. Below each sentence are given some possible substitutions for the italicized part. The candidate is required to select the better option than the italicized part. If the sentence is correct then mark No improvement as your answer. 1. Ram plays cricket and hockey also. (a) besides

(b) to (c) too (d) no improvement 2. Shreya is extraordinarily clever at mimicking her friends. (a) clever for mimicking (b) clever mimicking (c) clever in mimicking (d) no improvement 3. Sudha enjoys to tell stories to children. (a) tell story (b) telling stories (c) to narrate stories (d) no improvement 4. To identify potential leaders, look for people who are constantly suggesting new and better ways of doing things. (Clerks Grade, 2011) (a) look forward people (b) search at people (c) looking at people (d) people look at them (e) no correction required 5. Of late, both India and china have been seeing a slowdown in the credit market. (Clerks Grade, 2011) (a) Off late (b) Of lately (c) Often late (d) Of recently (e) No correction required 6. No other communities have played a greater role in building an India of tomorrow than the teaching community. (Clerks Grade, 2011) (a) No communities have (b) Many communities has (c) No other community has (d) Have any other community (e) No correction required 7. Theoretically, positive operating cash flow is considered a indicator of efficiency.

(Clerks Grade, 2011) (a) considering indicators (b) considered a indicators (c) considered an indicator (d) indicator considered (e) no correction required 8. I have realized over times that there is a larger meaning to things happening around us. (Clerks Grade, 2011) (a) time over (b) upon time (c) over the times (d) over time (e) no correction required 9. Mrs. Mishra had staying here since 1995 and has made India her home. (a) will stay (b) was to stay (c) has been staying (d) no correction required 10. A lot depends on your early brought up in the family. (a) Up bringing (b) bringing in (c) bringing up (d) no improvement 11. All the allegations leveling against him were found to be baseless. (SBI P.O. 1994) (a) levelled for (b) level with (c) level against (d) no correction 12. Last Sunday I went to the market and bought spectacles. (a) two spectacles (b) a pair of spectacles (c) a spectacle (d) no correction 13. All work and no play making Ram a dull boy. (a) makes

(b) had make (c) was made (d) no correction 14. A man without the enemy is a man with few friends. (a) an enemy

(b) a enemy (c) enemied (d) no correction 15. This book was contained many holy quotations. (a) containing (b) had contains (c) contains (d) no correction 16. One of the men gave first aid to Hitesh who is injured in a road accident (Bank P.O., 1994) (a) who had injured (b) who was injured (c) which was injured (d) no correction 17. Travelling in a hot dusty weather gives me no pleasure. (a) to travel (b) travels (c) while travelling (d) no correction 18. The work is many for any man to do single-handed. (a) too much (b) more (c) lots of (d) no correction 19. People who lived in glass houses should not throw stones. (a) leaves in (b) leaved in (c) live in (d) no correction 20. When the professor fell off the stool, the students could not avoid to laugh. (Bank P.O., 1992) (a) avoid laughing (b) refrain to laugh (c) avoid laughter (d) no correction

Answers 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (e) 5. (e) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (a) 11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (a) ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION One word substitution is the words that replace a group of words or sentences without creating or changing the exact meaning of sentences. These words generally bring compression in any kind of writing. There are lots of words in English language that can be used effectively in place of complex sentences or words to make writing to the point without losing the meaning of the context. Students here are advised to practice using these words in their language to make themselves more clear. Here, we are providing some previous year questions asked in section one word substitution just to enable the student to have a clear idea about the question asked in competitive examination. 1. One who eats too much (a) Foodist (b) glutton (c) Eater (d) food loving Answer: (b) glutton 2. A book published after the death of its author (a) Posthumous

(b) anonymous (c) Synonymous (d) mysterious Answer: (a) Posthumous Exercise Directions: In questions no. 1 to 10, out of the four alternatives, choose the one which can be substituted for the given words/ sentence. 1. The Study of Ancient Societies. (a) History (b) Archaeology (c) Anthropology (d) Etymology 2. A Practice of having more than one husband. (a) Polygyny (b) Polyandry (c) Polygamy (d) Polytrophy 3. Things which cannot be read (a) Illegible (b) Legible (c) Negligible (d) Corrigible 4. Incapable of being seen through (a) Brittle (b) Opaque (c) Ductile (d) Transparent 5. The Government wing responsible for making Rule (a) Judiciary (b) Legislature (c) Executive (d) Court 6. A Government by the Nobles (a) Democracy (b) Bureaucracy (c) Aristocracy (d) Autocracy 7. Things which cannot be believed

(a) Incredible (b) Inseparable (c) Annoy able (d) Vulnerable 8. One which cannot be seen (a) Opaque (b) Unseen (c) Invisible (d) Irresistible 9. Person who speak many language. (a) Bilingual (b) Multilingual (c) Linguist (d) Grammar 10. A person who sacrifices his life for a cause. (a) Soldier (b) Revolutionary (c) Martyr (d) Patriot Answers 1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (a)

8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (c) SPELLING TEST Spelling test is basically devised to test the vocabulary power and the candidate ability to write the words with correct spellings. Question asked is such section generally required to choose the correct spelt word or the misspelt out of the alternatives given. Practice test material is given below. 1. (a) Comission (b) Commisson (c) Comission (d) Commission (e) None of these Answer: (d) 2. (a) Liutenent (b) Lieutanent (c) Lieutenant (d) Leiutanent (e) None of these Answer: (c) 3. (a) Accomodate (b) Acommodate (c) Accommodate (d) Accomodatte (e) None of these Answer: (c) 4. (a) Miscevious (b) Mischieveous (c) Mischevious (d) Mischievous (e) None of these Answer: (d)

5. (a) Survilence (b) Surveliance (c) Surveillence (d) Surveillance (e) None of these Answer: (d) Exercise Directions (Q.1-20) Here groups of four words are given. In each group one word is correctly spelt. Find the correctly spelt word and mark your answer in the Answer sheet. 1. (a) Cigarette (b) Cigrete (c) Cigarete (d) Cigrette 2. (a) Histeria (b) Hystria (c) Hysteria (d) Hesteria 3. (a) Ilegitimate (b) Illegitimate (c) Illegetimate (d) Ilegitemate 4. (a) Laborer (b) Laberer (c) Laburer (d) Labourer 5. (a) Medieval (b) Mediaval (c) Medivial (d) Mediveil 6. (a) Nurishment (b) Nourishment (c) Narishment (d) Nourisment 7. (a) Opaqe (b) Opeque (c) Opaque (d) Opaqeu 8.

(a) Opportunity (b) Oppurtunity (c) Oppurtunity (d) Opportunety 9. (a) Pedestrian (b) Pedistrian (c) Pedesterian (d) Pidestrian 10. (a) Scurplous (b) Scuruplus (c) Scrupulous (d) Scroplous 11. (a) Upserge (b) Upsarge (c) Upsurge (d) Upsruge 12. (a) Flouresent (b) Flourecent (c) Florescent (d) Fluorescent 13. (a) Glamrus (b) Glamerous (c) Glamorous (d) Glamurus 14. (a) Hygienic (b) Hiegenic (c) Hygenic (d) Hygeinic 15. (a) Sucessful (b) Successful (c) Succesful (d) Sucesful 16. (a) Thrashold (b) Threshold (c) Thrishold (d) Thereshold 17. (a) Etinerary (b) Intinirary (c) Itinerary (d) Itenerary 18.

(a) Siege (b) Segie (c) Seige (d) Sige 19. (a) Desparte (b) Desperite (c) Desperate (d) Despirate 20. (a) Humarous (b) Humurus (c) Humorous (d) Humerous Answers 1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) (a) 9. (a) 10. (c) 11. (c) 18. (a) 12. (d) 19. (c) 13. (c) 4. (d) 14. (a) 5. (a) 15. (b) 6. (b) 16. (b) 7. (c) 17. (c) 8.

20. (c) IDIOM & PHRASES Idioms and phrases refer to commonly used groups of words in English. They are used in specific situations and often used in an idiomatic, rather than a figurative sense. Idioms are often full sentences. Phrases, however, are usually made up of a few words and are used as a grammatical unit in a sentence. It is usually asked in all the competitive exams. Students must practice idiom and phrases in their writing as well as in their speech. It will make them proficient while practicing. Solved Examples 1. Ram used very ugly words against his kind uncle; he threw down the gauntlet before him. (S.B.I. P.O.) (a) he abused and insulted him (b) he threw the challenge (c) he behaved as if he was a very great and important person (d) he put several conditions for negotiation (e) he showed his readiness to leave the place Answer: (b) 2. He always cuts both ends (a) Work for both sides (b) Inflicts injuries on others (c) Argues in support of both sides of the issue (d) Behaves dishonestly (e) Creates discord among friends Answer: (c) 3. She rejected his proposal of marriage point-blank. (Clerk Grade) (a) Directly (b) pointedly (c) Abruptly (d) Briefly Answer-(b)

Exercise Directions: In questions no. 1 to 10, four alternatives are given for the idiom/ phrase. Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrase and mark it in the Answer sheet. 1. To bury the hatchet (a) to dispute over small things (b) to destroy (c) to make peace (d) to fight 2. Child's Play (a) a very easy thing (b) stupid thing (c) funny thing (d) a tough thing 3. Hit the nail on the head (a) to do or say most appropriate thing (b) to talk rubbish (c) to do useless work (d) to hurt one self 4. Take by storm (a) to make a big impression (b) to avoid mistake (c) to work very hard (d) to waste time 5. The buck stops here (a) to take responsibility for something (b) to earn money (c) to stop for food (d) to travel abroad 6. A Piece of Cake (a) A very simple task (b) A very difficult task (c) Eating task (d) An urgent task 7. In hot water (a) to be in trouble (b) to be very happy (c) to enjoy (d) to bath 8. Out of the way (a) Familiar (b) Strange (c) Identical (d) Matching 9. Black sheep (a) good characters people (b) bad characters people (c) annoying people (d) unfriendly people 10. take into account (a) reject something (b) consider something (c) decline something

(d) to throw something Answers 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (b)

SENTENCE RECONSTRUCTION Sentence reconstruction is the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences, phrase structure, and syntax. The sentences are presented in a jumbled manner and the students are supposed to arrange it chronologically. Students should be very careful while restructuring the sentences. Here we are giving some examples. Students are advised to go through it carefully. 1. There is a fashion now-a-days P. as an evil Q. who is born with a silver spoon R. to bewail poverty S. and to pity the Youngman 6. in his mouth (a) PSRQ (b) RPSQ (c) RSQP (d) SPRQ Answer: (b) 2. Though the government claims P. it has failed to arrest Q. the rate of inflation is down R. or the decrease S. the rise in prices 6. in the per capita income (a) PQRS (b) PQSR (c) PSQR (d) QPSR Answer: (d) 3. The main purpose P. how much Q. is to find out R. of this test S. of English 6. he knows (a) PQSR (b) PRQS (c) RQPS (d) SPQR Answer: (c) 4. They would gather information P. and then .report the findings Q. of the lands R. through which they travelled S. about the wealth and military strength 6. to the king (a) PQSR (b) PSQR (c) QRSP (d) SQRP Answer: (d) 5. The two men who were following P. and who were separated from the tigress by the rock Q. when they saw me stop R. a few yards behind me

S. stood still 6. and turn my head. (a) PSQR (b) QSPR (c) RPSQ (d) SQRP Answer: (c)

CLOZE TEST Cloze test is the test of the ability to comprehend text in which the reader has to supply the missing words that have been removed from the text at regular intervals. It is basically a test for diagnosing reading ability; words are generally deleted from a prose passage and the reader is required to fill in the blanks. Student must be very proficient in grammar in order to fill the correct word. One should practice lots and lots of exercises on such pattern. A sample pattern of how question are asked in examination is given below. Directions (Q. 1-1O): In the following passage there arc blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. Raju was orphaned at a very (1) age. He lost (2) of his parents because his family was (3) poor to afford any treatment. He was deeply affected by this. He decided to work hard and (4) on his own feet. Along with his studies he (5) part-time in a restaurant and earned enough money in order to (6) his studies. Being a brilliant student, he earned scholarships and later managed to get admission in a good medical college. He is now a (7) doctor and helps poor patient for (8). This shows that one can survive every (9) condition. Determine and hardwork (10) to success in life 1. (a) youth (b) early (c) childhood (d) childish (a) any (e) recent 2. (b) few (c) either (d) couple (e) both 3.

(a) little (a) balance (a) worked (c) busy 6. (a) done 7. (a) recognise 8. (a) favour 9.

(b) so

(c) too

(d) some (c) stand.

(e) ample 4. (d) erect (e) talk 5.

(b) establish

(b) employed (d) established (e) functioned (b) practice (b) know (b) less (c) follow (c) respected (c) penny (c) worse (c) excel (d) pursue (d) worth (d) subsidy (d) evil (e) proceed (e) merit e) free

(a) failed (b) adverse (e) tragedy 10. (a) result (d) lead (b) follow (e) urge

Answers 1. (b) 2. (e) 3. (c) 9. (b) 10. (d)

4. (c)

5. (a)

6. (d)

7. (c)

8. (e)