International Journal of Mathematics and Computer Applications Research (IJMCAR) ISSN 2249-6955 Vol.

3, Issue 4, Oct 2013, 1-8 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

SEPARATION OF A BINARY FLUID MIXTURE DUE TO SORET EFFECT IN UNSTEADY MHD CONVECTION FLOW IN A POROUS MEDIUM
B. R SHARMA & KABITA NATH Department of Mathematics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India

ABSTRACT
Effects of heat source, magnetic field, and temperature gradient on separation of a binary mixture of incompressible viscous thermally and electrically conducting, and heat absorbing fluids in two dimensional boundary layer laminar unsteady flow through a semi-infinite porous medium bounded one side by a permeable plate in presence of a weak transverse magnetic field are investigated. The momentum, energy and concentration equations are reduced to nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations by using separation of variables and series expansion methods. These coupled ordinary nonlinear differential equations are solved numerically by using MAT LABs built in solver bvp4c. These numerical results are exhibited graphically from which it has been found that the effects of various parameters are to separate the components of the binary mixture by collecting the lighter and rarer component near the plate and throwing the heavier one away from it.

KEYWORDS: Soret Effect, Binary Fluid Mixture, Porous Medium, Magnetic Field INTRODUCTION
Separation processes of a thermally and electrically conducting binary mixture of incompressible viscous fluids under the influence of magnetic field are considered to be of significant importance due to their applications in many engineering problems such as nuclear reactors and those dealing with liquid metals. Mixed convection flow with simultaneous heat and mass transfer from different geometries embedded in porous media has many engineering and geophysical applications such as geothermal reservoirs, drying of porous solids, thermal insulation, enhanced oil recovery, packed-bed catalytic reactors, cooling of nuclear reactors and underground energy transport. Buoyancy is also of importance in an environment where differences between land and air temperatures can give rise to complicated flow patterns (Chandrasekhara et al., [1]). Furthermore, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) has attracted the attention of a large number of scholars due to its diverse applications (Geindreau and Auriault, [2]). In astrophysics and geophysics, it is applied to study the stellar and solar structures, interstellar matter, radio propagation through the ionosphere, etc. In engineering it finds its application in MHD pumps, MHD bearings, etc. Workers like Chamkha [3] , Chamkha et al., [4] and Hossain and Mandal [5] have investigated the effects of magnetic field on natural convection flow past a vertical surface. Mass diffusion effects on natural convection flow past a flat plate were studied by researchers like (Makinde, [6]; Makinde et al., [7]; Martynenko et al., [8]; Muthukumaraswamy et al., [9]). A comprehensive account of the boundary layers flow over a vertical flat plate embedded in a porous medium can be found in Kim and Vafai [10] and Liao and Pop [11]. Sharma and Singh ([12], [13], [14]), Sharma and Nath [15] and Sharma et al. ([16], [17]) studied the effect of magnetic field on demixing of a binary fluid mixture. Sharma and Singh ([18], [19]) studied the effect of temperature gradient on demixing of species in hydromagnetic flow of a binary mixture of incompressible viscous fluids between two parallel plates, first taking the plates horizontal and in the second case by taking the plates to be vertical. They found that the effect of temperature gradient is to separate the components of the binary mixture and the magnetic field increases the effect of species demixing.

B. R Sharma & Kabita Nath

The aim of the research paper is to investigate analytically/numerically the effects of heat source, magnetic field and temperature gradient on separation of a binary mixture of incompressible viscous thermally and electrically conducting, and heat absorbing fluids flowing through a semi-infinite porous medium bounded one side by a permeable plate.

MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
We consider unsteady two-dimensional laminar boundary flow of an incompressible, viscous, thermally and electrically conducting; and heat-absorbing binary mixture of fluid past a semi-infinite vertical permeable moving plate embedded in a uniform porous medium and subjected to a weak uniform transverse magnetic field in presence of thermal and concentration buoyancy effects. It is assumed that there is no applied voltage which implies the absence of an electrical field. The transversely applied magnetic field is assumed to be very small so that the induced magnetic field and the Hall effect are negligible. A consequence of the small magnetic Reynolds number is the uncoupling of the Navier-Stokes equations from Maxwells equation. The governing equations for this investigation are based on the balances of mass, linear momentum, energy and concentration of species. Taking into consideration the assumptions made above, these equations can be written in Cartesian frame of reference, as follows: (1) (2) (3) and , where , , and are the distances along and perpendicular to the plate and time, respectively. and and (4) are

the components of velocitity along

directions, respectively, is the fluid density, is the kinematic viscosity, c p

is the specific heat at constant pressure, is the fluid electrical conductivity, B0 is the magnetic induction, K* is the permeability of the porous medium, T is the temperature, Q 0 is the heat absorption coefficient, c is the concentration, is the fluid thermal diffusivity, D is the mass diffusivity, g is the gravitational acceleration, and are the thermal and

concentration expansion coefficients, respectively and ST is the Soret number. The magnetic and viscous dissipations are small and hence neglected in this study. The third and fourth terms on the RHS of the momentum equation (2) denote the thermal and concentration buoyancy effects, respectively. Also, the last term of the energy equation (3) represents the heat absorption effects. It is assumed that the permeable plate moves with a constant velocity in the direction of fluid flow, and the free stream velocity follows the exponentially increasing small perturbation law. In addition, it is assumed that the temperature and the concentration at the wall as well as the suction velocity are exponentially varying with time. Under these assumptions, the appropriate boundary conditions for the velocity, temperature and concentration fields are , T= Tw + as where , and are the wall dimensional velocity, concentration and temperature respectively. , at , (5) (6) and

Separation of a Binary Fluid Mixture Due to Soret Effect in Unsteady MHD Convection Flow in a Porous Medium

are the free stream dimensional velocity, concentration and temperature, respectively.

and

are constants.

It is clear from equation (1) that the suction velocity at the plate surface is a function of time only. We assume that it takes the following exponential form: (7) where A is a real positive constant, and A are small (less than unity), and is non-zero positive constant. Outside the boundary layer equation (2) gives . It is convenient to employ the following dimensionless variables: (8) is a scale of suction velocity which

(9) Equations (2)-(4) are coupled non-linear partial differential equations. Introducing the relation (7)-(9) into the equations (2)-(4) we obtain the following coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations: , , , where medium, , is the magnetic field parameter, is the thermal Grashof number, is the Prandtl number, number , (10) (11) (12) is the permeability of the porous is the solutal Grashof number, is the Schmidt

is the dimensionless heat absorption coefficient, =

is the dimensionless exponential index and

is the thermal diffusion number.

The dimensionless form of the boundary conditions (5) and (6) become at = 0 as . (13) (14)

SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM

Equations (10)-(12) represent a set of partial differential equations that cannot be solved in closed form. However, it can be reduced to a set of coupled non linear ordinary differential equations in dimensionless form by using series expansion method. This can be done by representing the velocity, temperature and concentration as (15) , (16) (17)

B. R Sharma & Kabita Nath

Substituting equations (15)-(17) into equations (10)-(12), equating the harmonic and non-harmonic terms, and neglecting the terms of . , (18) (19) (20) , (21) (22) (23) where a prime denotes differentiation with respect to . The corresponding boundar y conditions can be written as at = 0 as . (24) (25) and higher than that, one obtains the following pairs of equations for and

Still the equations (18) - (23) are highly coupled and nonlinear and so cannot be solved analytically. Hence we solved the equations numerically by using MAT LABs built in solver bvp4c.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Numerical calculations have been carried out for concentration of the rarer and lighter component of the binary fluid mixture for various values of the parameters Sc, n, are considered: Case I: M=0.1, K=0.5, = 2.0, = 1.0, n =0.1, A = 0.5, Pr = 0.7, = 1, =0.0001, , , Pr and A, and are plotted against in Figures 1-6. Six cases

Up = 1 and Sc = (0.3, 0.5, 0.7). Case II: M=0.1, K=0.5, = 2.0, = 1.0, Sc =0.3, A = 0.5, Pr = 0.7, = 1, =0.0001,

Up = 1 and n = (0.1, 0.9, 1.5). Case III: M=0.1, K=0.5, Up = 1 and = 2.0, = 1.0, n =0.1, A = 0.5, Pr = 0.7, = 1, Sc=0.3,

= (0.001, 0.045, 0.094). = 2.0, = 1.0, n =0.1, A = 0.5, Pr = 0.7, Sc = 0.3, =0.0001,

Case IV: M=0.1, K=0.5,

Up = 1 and = (1, 4, 6). Case V: M=0.1, K=0.5, = 2.0, = 1.0, n =0.1, A = 0.5, Sc = 0.3, = 1, =0.0001,

Up = 1 and Pr = (0.7, 1, 7). Case VI: M=0.1, K=0.5, = 2.0, = 1.0, n =0.1, Sc = 0.3, Pr = 0.7, = 1, =0.0001,

Up = 1 and A = (0.3, 0.5, 0.7). Figure 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 depict that the concentration of the rarer and lighter component of the binary mixture decreases with increase in the values of the parameters Sc, n, , Pr and A. It is found that concentration of the rarer and

Separation of a Binary Fluid Mixture Due to Soret Effect in Unsteady MHD Convection Flow in a Porous Medium

lighter component of the binary mixture is mo re near the surface of the plate and decreases exponentially as increases to 14. Thereafter in the region 14 no variation in C is observed. Thus we conclude that the separation of the binary and thereafter separation is found to be negligible. It is evident from

mixture takes place mostly in the region

Figure 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 that the rate of separation can be enhanced by increasing the values of Sc, n, , Pr and A; and from Figure 3 reverse effect is observed with increase in the values of parameter .

In the present investigation the effects of all these parameters are to demix the binary mixture by collecting the rarer and lighter component of the binary fluid mixture near the surface of the plate and throwing the heavier component away from it. Taking into account the conclusion derived in this paper, gas separating instruments can be installed in big cities where harmful gases are present in very small quantities that can be sucked after separating them and thus pollutants can be removed.

Figure 1: The Graph of C against M=0.1, K=0.5, = 2.0, = 1.0, n =0.1, A = 0.5, Pr = 0.7, = 1, =0.0001 and Up = 1 for Various Values of Sc

Figure 2: The Graph of C against M=0.1, K=0.5, = 2.0, = 1.0, Sc =0.3, A = 0.5, Pr = 0.7, = 1, =0.0001 and Up = 1 for Various Values of n

Figure 3: The Graph of C against M=0.1, K=0.5, = 2.0, = 1.0, n =0.1, A = 0.5, Pr = 0.7, = 1, Sc=0.3 and Up = 1 for Various Values of

B. R Sharma & Kabita Nath

Figure 4: The Graph of C against M=0.1, K=0.5, = 2.0, = 1.0, n =0.1, A = 0.5, Pr = 0.7, Sc = 0.3, =0.0001 and Up = 1 for various Values of

Figure 5: The Graph of C against M=0.1, K=0.5, = 2.0, = 1.0, n =0.1, A = 0.5, Sc = 0.3, = 1, =0.0001 and Up = 1 for Various Values of Pr

Figure 6: The Graph of C against M=0.1, K=0.5, = 2.0, = 1.0, n =0.1, Sc = 0.3, Pr = 0.7, = 1, =0.0001 and Up = 1 for various Values of A Finally, the effects of the rate of heat and mass transfer are shown in Table 1. The behaviour of these parameters is self evident from the Table 1 and hence any further discussion about them seems to be redundant. Table 1: Numerical Values of M=0.1, K=0.5, = 2.0, = 1.0, n =0.1, A = 0.5, Pr = 0.7, = 1, =0.0001 and Up = 1 Sc 0.3 0.5 0.7 1 1 1 3.5256 3.4512 3.3879 0 0 0 4.8264 4.6559 4.5307 1 1 1 -1.2569 -1.2569 -1.2569 1 1 1 M=0.1, K=0.5, = 2.0, = 1.0, Sc =0.3, A = 0.5, Pr = 0.7, = 1, =0.0001 and Up = 1 n 0.1 0.9 1.5 1 1 1 3.5256 3.5256 3.5256 0 0 0 4.8264 4.5742 4.5030 1 1 1 -1.2569 -1.2569 -1.2569 1 1 1 M=0.1, K=0.5, = 2.0, = 1.0, n =0.1, A = 0.5, Pr = 0.7, = 1, Sc=0.3 and Up = 1 0.001 1 3.5258 0 4.8271 1 -1.2569 1 0.045 1 3.5369 0 4.8627 1 -1.2569 1 0.094 1 3.5498 0 4.9039 1 -1.2569 1

Separation of a Binary Fluid Mixture Due to Soret Effect in Unsteady MHD Convection Flow in a Porous Medium

-1.5323 1 -0.1301 1 -0.4935

-1.5323 1 -0.2351 1 -0.7921

-1.5323 1 -0.3530 1 -1.0907

Table 1: Contd., -1.5323 -1.7635 -1.9117 1 1 1 -0.1301 -0.1301 -0.1301 1 1 1 -0.4935 -0.7468 -0.8815

-1.5323 1 -0.1294 1 -0.4911

-1.5323 1 -0.0958 1 -0.3730

-1.5323 1 -0.0573 1 -0.2418

M=0.1, K=0.5, = 2.0, = 1.0, n =0.1, A = 0.5, Pr = 0.7, Sc = 0.3, =0.0001 and Up = 1 1 4 6 1 1 1 3.5256 3.3001 3.2302 0 0 0 4.8264 4.5698 4.4903 1 1 1 -1.2569 -2.0595 -2.4291 1 1 1 -1.5323 -2.2895 -2.6495 1 1 1 -0.1301 -0.1228 -0.1210 1 1 1 -0.4935 -0.4946 -0.4949

M=0.1, K=0.5, = 2.0, = 1.0, n =0.1, A = 0.5, Sc = 0.3, = 1, =0.0001 and Up = 1 Pr 0.7 1 7 1 1 1 3.5256 3.4080 2.8633 0 0 0 4.8264 4.6525 4.0178 1 1 1 -1.2569 -1.6180 -7.8875 1 1 1 -1.5323 -2.0167 -11.0845 1 1 1 -0.1301 -0.1260 -0.1135 1 1 1 -0.4935 -0.4941 -0.4951

M=0.1, K=0.5, = 2.0, = 1.0, n =0.1, Sc = 0.3, Pr = 0.7, = 1, =0.0001 and Up = 1 A 0.5 0.7 0.9 1 1 1 3.5256 3.5256 3.5256 0 0 0 4.8264 5.3149 5.8035 1 1 1 -1.2569 -1.2569 -1.2569 1 1 1 -1.5323 -1.6273 -1.7224 1 1 1 -0.1301 -0.1301 -0.1301 1 1 1 -0.4935 -0.5394 -0.5852

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research work is funded by grants from the UGC, New Delhi, India (File No. 39-43/2010 (SR)) as a Major Research Project awarded to Dr. B. R. Sharma. Kabita Nath is associated with the project as a Project Fellow. The authors are grateful to UGC for providing financial support during the research work and Dibrugarh University for providing other facilities.

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B. R Sharma & Kabita Nath

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