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These are also commonly called first-hop redundancy protocols (FHRP) because the first router hop is given high availability. Some of Gateway Redundancy protocols are Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP)
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Packet-Forwarding Review
When a host must communicate with a device on its local subnet, it can generate an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request, wait for the ARP reply, and exchange packets directly.
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Packet-Forwarding Review
However, if the far end is located on a different subnet, the host must rely on an intermediate system (a router, for example) to relay packets to and from that subnet. A host identifies its nearest router, also known as the default gateway or next hop, by its IP address. And then, the host first sends an ARP request to find the gateways MAC address.
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Clients ip address setting IP address 192.168.1.2 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 Gateway 192.168.1.1
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