04 June 2009 2009.06.

04

President Obama’s Remarks at Cairo 美国总统巴拉克·奥巴马6月4日在

University, Egypt 埃及开罗大学发表讲话，

Seeks a new beginning between U.S., Muslims 阐明美国致力于寻求与穆斯林国

based on mutual respect 家关系的新开端。

(begin transcript) (讲话文字记录开始)

THE WHITE HOUSE 白宫新闻秘书办公室

Office of the Press Secretary （埃及开罗）

(Cairo, Egypt) 2009年6月4日

June 4, 2009 奥巴马总统谈新的开端

REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT ON A NEW (Remarks by the

BEGINNING President on A New
Beginning)
Cairo University 埃及开罗大学

Cairo, Egypt （Cairo University）

1:10 P.M. (Local) 当地时间下午1时10分

PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you very much. 奥巴马总统：非常感谢你们。下午

Good afternoon. I am honored to be in the 好。我荣幸地来到永恒的开罗古
timeless city of Cairo, and to be hosted by two 城，荣幸地受到两所著名学府的邀
remarkable institutions. For over a thousand 请。爱资哈尔(Al-Azhar)一千多年
years, Al-Azhar has stood as a beacon of 来一直是一座伊斯兰学术的灯塔，
Islamic learning; and for over a century, Cairo 开罗大学(Cairo University)一
University has been a source of Egypt's 百多年来一直是埃及发展的源泉。
advancement. And together, you represent 你们并肩而立，象征着传统与进步
the harmony between tradition and progress. 的和谐共进。我对你们的盛情邀
I'm grateful for your hospitality, and the 请，对埃及人民的盛情邀请表示感
hospitality of the people of Egypt. And I'm 谢。我也自豪地带来美国人民的友
also proud to carry with me the goodwill of the 好情谊，带来我国穆斯林民众的平
American people, and a greeting of peace 安问候： “Assalaamu
from Muslim communities in my country: alaykum.”（"愿你平安。"）
Assalaamu alaykum. (Applause.)
We meet at a time of great tension between 我们相聚在美国和穆斯林世界之
the United States and Muslims around the 间关系十分紧张的时期──这种紧
world -- tension rooted in historical forces that 张关系的历史根源远远超出了当
go beyond any current policy debate. The 前的任何政策辩论。伊斯兰教与西
relationship between Islam and the West 方世界之间的关系史既包括好几
includes centuries of coexistence and 个世纪的共存与合作，也包括冲突
cooperation, but also conflict and religious 和宗教战争。在近代，剥夺众多穆
wars. More recently, tension has been fed by 斯林权利和机会的殖民主义，以及
colonialism that denied rights and 穆斯林占主体的国家往往被视为
opportunities to many Muslims, and a Cold 傀儡、对其自身意愿鲜有顾及的冷
War in which Muslim-majority countries were 战，加剧了这种紧张。此外，现代
too often treated as proxies without regard to 化和全球化带来的巨大变化致使
their own aspirations. Moreover, the 很多穆斯林将西方视为伊斯兰传
sweeping change brought by modernity and 统的敌人。
globalization led many Muslims to view the
West as hostile to the traditions of Islam.

Violent extremists have exploited these 暴力极端主义分子利用这种紧张

tensions in a small but potent minority of 关系煽动穆斯林世界为数不多但
Muslims. The attacks of September 11, 2001 很有影响的少数派。9.11袭击事件
and the continued efforts of these extremists 以及这些极端主义分子不断对平
to engage in violence against civilians has led 民百姓采用暴力的行径使得我们
some in my country to view Islam as 国家中的一些人认为，伊斯兰教注
inevitably hostile not only to America and 定不仅与美国和西方国家，而且与
Western countries, but also to human rights. 人权为敌。所有这一切导致滋生出
All this has bred more fear and more mistrust. 更多的恐惧，更多的不信任。

So long as our relationship is defined by our 只要我们之间的关系定位于我们

differences, we will empower those who sow 的分歧，我们就会让那些播种仇恨
hatred rather than peace, those who promote 而不是和平，宣扬冲突而不是合作
conflict rather than the cooperation that can 的人得势，而合作会帮助将正义与
help all of our people achieve justice and 繁荣带给所有人。我们必须打破这
prosperity. And this cycle of suspicion and 种怀疑与不和的恶性循环。
discord must end.

I've come here to Cairo to seek a new 我来到这里是要在美国和穆斯林

beginning between the United States and 世界之间寻求一种以共同利益和
Muslims around the world, one based on 相互尊重为基点的新开端──基于
mutual interest and mutual respect, and one 美国和伊斯兰教并不相互排斥、不
based upon the truth that America and Islam 必相互竞争的真情。不仅如此，它
are not exclusive and need not be in 们相互重合，拥有一些共同原则
competition. Instead, they overlap, and ──公正与进步的原则；容忍与全
share common principles -- principles of 人类都有尊严的原则。
justice and progress; tolerance and the dignity
of all human beings.

I do so recognizing that change cannot 我认识到，变化不会发生于一夜之

happen overnight. I know there's been a lot 间。一次讲话不可能排除多年来的
of publicity about this speech, but no single 不信任，我也不可能在我有限的时
speech can eradicate years of mistrust, nor 间里回答迄今摆到我们面前的所
can I answer in the time that I have this 有复杂问题。但是我深信，为了向
afternoon all the complex questions that 前推进，我们必须公开说出内心深
brought us to this point. But I am convinced 处的话，但我们往往关起门来才说
that in order to move forward, we must say 这些话。这必须成为相互倾听、相
openly to each other the things we hold in our 互学习、相互尊重并寻求共同之处
hearts and that too often are said only behind 的持久努力。《古兰经》(Holy
closed doors. There must be a sustained Koran)教诲我们："明记真主，永
effort to listen to each other; to learn from 吐真言。"这就是我将在今天努力
each other; to respect one another; and to 做到的──尽最大努力说实话，兢
seek common ground. As the Holy Koran tells 兢业业面对使命，坚信我们同为人
us, "Be conscious of God and speak always the 类的共同利益远比给我们造成隔
truth." (Applause.) That is what I will try to 阂的力量强大得多。
do today -- to speak the truth as best I can,
humbled by the task before us, and firm in my
belief that the interests we share as human
beings are far more powerful than the forces
that drive us apart.

Now part of this conviction is rooted in my 这种信念一部分来源于我个人的

own experience. I'm a Christian, but my father 经历。我是基督教徒。我父亲来自
came from a Kenyan family that includes 肯尼亚一个数代穆斯林家庭。我小
generations of Muslims. As a boy, I spent 时候在印度尼西亚生活过几年，听
several years in Indonesia and heard the call 到过宣礼塔在破晓和日落时刻的
of the azaan at the break of dawn and at the 召唤。我年轻时在芝加哥的社区工
fall of dusk. As a young man, I worked in 作，那里有很多人从他们的穆斯林
Chicago communities where many found 信仰中找到了尊严与安宁。
dignity and peace in their Muslim faith.

As a student of history, I also know 作为一个研读历史的人，我还知道

civilization's debt to Islam. It was Islam -- at 伊斯兰教对文明的重大贡献。正是
places like Al-Azhar -- that carried the light of 伊斯兰教──在爱资哈尔这样的地
learning through so many centuries, paving 方──让学术之光照亮了一个又一
the way for Europe's Renaissance and 个世纪，为欧洲的文艺复兴和启蒙
Enlightenment. It was innovation in Muslim 运动铺平了道路。穆斯林群体不断
communities -- (applause) -- it was innovation 创新，发明了代数学；磁性罗盘仪
in Muslim communities that developed the 和导航工具；掌握了书写与印刷
order of algebra; our magnetic compass and t 术；使我们了解了疾病的传播与治
ools of navigation; our mastery of pens and 疗方式。伊斯兰文化为我们创造了
printing; our understanding of how disease 雄伟的拱顶和高耸的尖塔；永恒的
spreads and how it can be healed. Islamic 诗篇和美妙的音乐；遒劲的书法和
culture has given us majestic arches and 瞑思静想之所。纵观历史，伊斯兰
soaring spires; timeless poetry and cherished 教以言词和行动揭示了宗教容忍
music; elegant calligraphy and places of 与种族平等的可能。
peaceful contemplation. And throughout
history, Islam has demonstrated through
words and deeds the possibilities of religious
tolerance and racial equality. (Applause.)

I also know that Islam has always been a part 我也知道，伊斯兰教一直是美国历

of America's story. The first nation to 程的一个组成部分。第一个承认我
recognize my country was Morocco. In 的国家的是摩洛哥。我国第二任总
signing the Treaty of Tripoli in 1796, our 统约翰·亚当斯(John Adams)在
second President, John Adams, wrote, "The 1796年签署《的黎波里条约》
United States has in itself no character of (Treaty of Tripoli)时写道，"美国
enmity against the laws, religion or tranquility 自身对穆斯林的法律、宗教或安宁
of Muslims." And since our founding, 绝无任何敌意"。 自我国建国以
American Muslims have enriched the United 来，美国穆斯林使美国丰富多姿。
States. They have fought in our wars, they 他们为国作战，担任公职，为民权
have served in our government, they have 奋斗，创办企业，在高等院校任教 ，
stood for civil rights, they have started 在体育场上出类拔萃，赢得诺贝尔
businesses, they have taught at our 奖，建造我国最高建筑，点燃奥林
universities, they've excelled in our sports 匹克火炬。当第一位当选国会议员
arenas, they've won Nobel Prizes, built our 的美国穆斯林在宣誓捍卫我国宪
tallest building, and lit the Olympic Torch. 法时，他手抚的是来自我国建国先
And when the first Muslim American was 父之一──托马斯·杰斐逊
recently elected to Congress, he took the oath (Thomas Jefferson)──私人图
to defend our Constitution using the same 书馆藏书中的那本《古兰经》 。
Holy Koran that one of our Founding Fathers --
Thomas Jefferson -- kept in his personal
library. (Applause.)

So I have known Islam on three continents 因此，在来到伊斯兰教的最初降示

before coming to the region where it was first 之地以前，我已经在三大洲了解了
revealed. That experience guides my 伊斯兰教。这段经历使我确信不
conviction that partnership between America 疑，美国和伊斯兰教的伙伴关系必
and Islam must be based on what Islam is, 须基于真实的伊斯兰教，而不是那
not what it isn't. And I consider it part of my 些不实之词。身为美国总统，我认
responsibility as President of the United States 为我的职责之一是随时驳斥对伊
to fight against negative stereotypes of Islam 斯兰教的消极成见。
wherever they appear. (Applause.)
But that same principle must apply to Muslim 然而，同样的原则也必须适用于穆
perceptions of America. (Applause.) Just as 斯林对美国的态度。就像穆斯林不
Muslims do not fit a crude stereotype, America 是一个模子里刻出来的一样，美国
is not the crude stereotype of a self-interested 也不能被用妄自尊大的帝国模子
empire. The United States has been one of 定型。美国是世界历来所知的最伟
the greatest sources of progress that the 大的发展源泉之一。我的国家是在
world has ever known. We were born out of 反抗一个帝国的斗争中诞生的。我
revolution against an empire. We were 们的建国理念是人人平等。几个世
founded upon the ideal that all are created 纪以来，我们不惜流血奋斗，实现
equal, and we have shed blood and struggled 那些话的含义──在我国国内，以
for centuries to give meaning to those words - 及在世界各地。我们受到来自地球
- within our borders, and around the world. 四面八方的各种文化的影响，但笃
We are shaped by every culture, drawn from 信一个简单的理念：合众为一(E
every end of the Earth, and dedicated to a pluribus unum)。
simple concept: E pluribus unum -- "Out of
many, one."

Now, much has been made of the fact that an 对一个名叫巴拉克·侯赛因·奥巴马

African American with the name Barack 的非洲裔美国人能够当选美国总
Hussein Obama could be elected President. 统这一点已经议论繁多。但我的个
(Applause.) But my personal story is not so 人经历并不是那么独特。虽然人人
unique. The dream of opportunity for all 都有机会的这个理想还没有在美
people has not come true for everyone in 国每一个人身上实现，但对于登陆
America, but its promise exists for all who 我国的所有人来说，这个希望是存
come to our shores -- and that includes nearly 在的──其中包括属于我国今天80
7 million American Muslims in our country 多个族裔群体的近700万美国穆
today who, by the way, enjoy incomes and 斯林。实际上，美国穆斯林的收入
educational levels that are higher than the 及教育水平超过了我国的平均线。
American average. (Applause.)

Moreover, freedom in America is indivisible 而且，美国的自由与信奉宗教的自

from the freedom to practice one's religion. 由密不可分。这就是为什么清真寺
That is why there is a mosque in every state 遍及我们合众国的每个州，在我们
in our union, and over 1,200 mosques within 境内有着1200多座清真寺。这就
our borders. That's why the United States 是为什么美国政府为保护妇女和
government has gone to court to protect the 女童戴头巾的权利和为了惩罚那
right of women and girls to wear the hijab and 些想剥夺这项权利的人而诉诸司
to punish those who would deny it. 法手段。
(Applause.)

So let there be no doubt: Islam is a part of 所以，毋庸置疑：伊斯兰是美国的

America. And I believe that America holds 一部分。我认为美国自身坚信这样
within her the truth that regardless of race, 一个真理：我们大家，无论种族、
religion, or station in life, all of us share comm 宗教或生活地位，都有着共同的理
on aspirations -- to live in peace and security; 想──和平安全地生活；受教育和
to get an education and to work with dignity; 有尊严地工作；热爱我们的家庭、
to love our families, our communities, and our 我们的社区、我们的神主。这些是
God. These things we share. This is the 我们共享的东西。它是全人类的希
hope of all humanity. 望。

Of course, recognizing our common humanity 当然，认识到我们共同的人性还只

is only the beginning of our task. Words 是我们使命的开始。仅凭言语无法
alone cannot meet the needs of our people. 满足我们人民的需要。要做到满足
These needs will be met only if we act boldly 这些需要，我们必须在今后的年月
in the years ahead; and if we understand that 里大胆行动，我们必须理解，全世
the challenges we face are shared, and our 界人民面临的种种挑战是共同的，
failure to meet them will hurt us all. 不能应对这些挑战将使我们所有
人受害。
For we have learned from recent experience 我们已经懂得，当一个国家的金融
that when a financial system weakens in one 体系衰弱时，世界各地的繁荣都受
country, prosperity is hurt everywhere. When 损害。当一种新流感感染了一个人
a new flu infects one human being, all are at 时，对所有人都有威胁。当一个国
risk. When one nation pursues a nuclear 家寻求核武器时，所有国家都面临
weapon, the risk of nuclear attack rises for all 核袭击的更大危险。当暴力极端分
nations. When violent extremists operate in 子在一个山区活动时，大洋彼岸的
one stretch of mountains, people are 人受到威胁。当波斯尼亚和达尔富
endangered across an ocean. When 尔无辜的人民遭屠杀时，它给我们
innocents in Bosnia and Darfur are 大家的良心留下污点。这就是在21
slaughtered, that is a stain on our collective 世纪共享世界的含义。这就是我们
conscience. (Applause.) That is what it 作为人类相互具有的责任。
means to share this world in the 21st century.
That is the responsibility we have to one
another as human beings.

And this is a difficult responsibility to embrace. 这是一项艰难的责任；人类的历史

For human history has often been a record of 常常是国家、部落甚至宗教为自身
nations and tribes -- and, yes, religions -- 利益征服他方的历史。然而，在这
subjugating one another in pursuit of their 个新时代，那种心态是自我消损。
own interests. Yet in this new age, such 任何旨在让某一国家或某一群体
attitudes are self-defeating. Given our 提高地位的世界秩序都将注定失
interdependence, any world order that 败。因此，无论我们如何看待过去 ，
elevates one nation or group of people over 我们绝不成为它的俘虏。我们的种
another will inevitably fail. So whatever we 种问题必须通过合作方式来处理，
think of the past, we must not be prisoners to 我们必须分享进步。
it. Our problems must be dealt with through
partnership; our progress must be shared.
(Applause.)
Now, that does not mean we should ignore 这并不意味着我们应忽视紧张关
sources of tension. Indeed, it suggests the 系的来源。恰恰相反，它需要我们
opposite: We must face these tensions 必须严正面对。本着这一精神，请
squarely. And so in that spirit, let me speak 让我尽力明确和直率地谈谈某些
as clearly and as plainly as I can about some 我认为我们最终必须共同面对的
specific issues that I believe we must finally 具体问题。
confront together.

The first issue that we have to confront is 我们必须面对的第一个问题是一

violent extremism in all of its forms. 切形式的极端主义。

In Ankara, I made clear that America is not -- 我在安卡拉明确表示，美国并非

and never will be -- at war with Islam. ──也绝不会──与伊斯兰教交战。
(Applause.) We will, however, relentlessly 但我们会无情抗击对我国安全构
confront violent extremists who pose a grave 成严重威胁的暴力极端主义分子。
threat to our security -- because we reject the 因为我们绝不接受所有宗教的信
same thing that people of all faiths reject: 众都会拒绝的同样的行为：杀害无
the killing of innocent men, women, and 辜的男子、妇女和儿童。保护美国
children. And it is my first duty as President 人民的安全是我作为总统的首要
to protect the American people. 职责。

The situation in Afghanistan demonstrates 阿富汗的形势既说明了美国的目

America's goals, and our need to work 标，也说明我们必须进行合作。7
together. Over seven years ago, the United 年多前，美国在广泛的国际支持下
States pursued al Qaeda and the Taliban with 追剿“基地”组织和塔利班。我们毫
broad international support. We did not go by 无选择的余地，因为我们必须这样
choice; we went because of necessity. I'm 做。我知道，有人仍对9.11事件有
aware that there's still some who would 疑问或为其找借口。但我们必须清
question or even justify the events of 9/11. 楚地认识到：2001年9月11日，
But let us be clear: Al Qaeda killed nearly “基地”组织杀害了将近3000人 ，
3,000 people on that day. The victims were 受害者是美国和许多其他国家的
innocent men, women and children from 无辜男子、妇女和儿童，他们未曾
America and many other nations who had 伤害任何人。他们与“基地”组织政
done nothing to harm anybody. And yet al 治上的嫌怨或仇恨意识形态毫不
Qaeda chose to ruthlessly murder these 相干。然而，“基地”组织蓄意残忍
people, claimed credit for the attack, and even 地杀害了这些人，声称这一袭击行
now states their determination to kill on a 动系其所为，并一再表明打算再次
massive scale. They have affiliates in many 进行大规模屠杀的狼子野心。他们
countries and are trying to expand their reach. 在很多国家都有同伙，并企图扩大
These are not opinions to be debated; these 他们的影响。这些都不是可以辩论
are facts to be dealt with. 的看法问题，而是必须正视的事
实。
Now, make no mistake: We do not want to 不要有任何误解：我们不希望保持
keep our troops in Afghanistan. We see no 在阿富汗的驻军。我们不在阿富汗
military -- we seek no military bases there. It 寻求军事基地。失去我国青年男女
is agonizing for America to lose our young 的生命是美国十分痛苦的事。继续
men and women. It is costly and politically 这场冲突要付出昂贵的代价，在政
difficult to continue this conflict. We would 治上也是困难的决定。一旦我们可
gladly bring every single one of our troops 以确定在阿富汗和巴基斯坦已经
home if we could be confident that there were 不存在要尽可能多地杀害美国人
not violent extremists in Afghanistan and now 的丧心病狂的暴力极端主义分子，
Pakistan determined to kill as many Americans 我们会很高兴地撤回每一名美军
as they possibly can. But that is not yet the 士兵。但目前还不是这种情况。
case.

And that's why we're partnering with a 因此我们在与46个国家结成合作

coalition of 46 countries. And despite the 联盟。尽管需要付出代价，美国的
costs involved, America's commitment will not 决心不会减弱。的确，我们任何人
weaken. Indeed, none of us should tolerate 都不应容忍这些极端主义分子。他
these extremists. They have killed in many 们在很多国家杀人。他们杀害了持
countries. They have killed people of 有各种宗教信仰的人──杀害最多
different faiths -- but more than any other, 的是穆斯林。他们的行为与人类的
they have killed Muslims. Their actions are 权利、国家的进步和伊斯兰教的教
irreconcilable with the rights of human beings, 义是不相容的。 《古兰经》教导说，
the progress of nations, and with Islam. The 谁杀害一个无辜者就好比杀害了
Holy Koran teaches that whoever kills an 整个人类；《古兰经》还说，谁拯
innocent is as -- it is as if he has killed all 救了一个人就好比拯救了整个人
mankind. (Applause.) And the Holy Koran 类 。有超过 10亿人口的这一永恒信
also says whoever saves a person, it is as if he 仰之宏大是一小撮人狭隘的仇恨
has saved all mankind. (Applause.) The 之心无法比拟的。我知道，在打击
enduring faith of over a billion people is so 暴力极端主义的斗争中，伊斯兰教
much bigger than the narrow hatred of a few. 并不是一个问题──伊斯兰教必须
Islam is not part of the problem in combating 是解决问题的途径之一。
violent extremism -- it is an important part of
promoting peace.

Now, we also know that military power alone 我们也知道，仅凭军事力量无法解

is not going to solve the problems in 决阿富汗和巴基斯坦的问题。正是
Afghanistan and Pakistan. That's why we 因为这个原因，我们打算在今后5
plan to invest $1.5 billion each year over the 年内每年投入15亿美元，与巴基斯
next five years to partner with Pakistanis to 坦合作建造学校、医院、道路和企
build schools and hospitals, roads and 业，另投资1.7亿美元帮助流离失
businesses, and hundreds of millions to help 所的人。也正是因为这个原因，我
those who've been displaced. That's why we 们提供超过28亿美元帮助阿富汗
are providing more than $2.8 billion to help 人发展经济和提供人民赖以生存
Afghans develop their economy and deliver ser 的服务。
vices that people depend on.

Let me also address the issue of Iraq. Unlike 我再来谈谈伊拉克问题。不同于阿

Afghanistan, Iraq was a war of choice that 富汗的是，伊拉克战争是一场可以
provoked strong differences in my country and 选择不打的战争，在美国国内和国
around the world. Although I believe that the 际上引起了巨大分歧。虽然我相信
Iraqi people are ultimately better off without 没有萨达姆·侯赛因的暴虐政权，伊
the tyranny of Saddam Hussein, I also believe 拉克人民最终会获益良多，但我也
that events in Iraq have reminded America of 相信，伊拉克发生的事件提醒我
the need to use diplomacy and build 们，有必要通过外交手段和建立国
international consensus to resolve our 际共识解决我们的问题。确实，我
problems whenever possible. (Applause.) 们可以回想一下托马斯·杰斐逊曾
Indeed, we can recall the words of Thomas 经说过的话：“我希望我们的智慧
Jefferson, who said: "I hope that our wisdom 会随我们的力量而增长，并告诫我
will grow with our power, and teach us that 们，我们的力量使用得越少，它就
the less we use our power the greater it will 越有力。”
be."

Today, America has a dual responsibility: to 今天，美国承担着双重责任：帮助

help Iraq forge a better future -- and to leave 伊拉克人打造更美好的未来，同时
Iraq to Iraqis. And I have made it clear to 要将伊拉克交给伊拉克人。我明确
the Iraqi people -- (applause) -- I have made 地向伊拉克人民表示，我们不寻求
it clear to the Iraqi people that we pursue no 基地，对领土或资源没有要求。伊
bases, and no claim on their territory or 拉克的主权属于伊拉克自己。正是
resources. Iraq's sovereignty is its own. And 出于这个原因，我已下令在明年8
that's why I ordered the removal of our 月前撤出我们的作战部队。也正是
combat brigades by next August. That is why 出于这个原因，我们将履行与伊拉
we will honor our agreement with Iraq's 克民选政府达成的协议，在7月前
democratically elected government to remove 从伊拉克城市撤出作战部队，在
combat troops from Iraqi cities by July, and to 2012年年底前将所有的部队撤出
remove all of our troops from Iraq by 2012. 伊拉克。我们将帮助伊拉克训练安
(Applause.) We will help Iraq train its 全部队和发展经济。但我们是以伙
security forces and develop its economy. But 伴的身份，而绝不是以保护人的身
we will support a secure and united Iraq as a 份支持伊拉克的安全与统一。
partner, and never as a patron.

And finally, just as America can never tolerate 最后，美国绝不能容忍极端主义分

violence by extremists, we must never alter or 子的暴力，同样我们也绝不能改变
forget our principles. Nine-eleven was an 或忘记我们的原则。9.11事件给我
enormous trauma to our country. The fear 国造成了巨大的创伤。这一事件引
and anger that it provoked was 起的忧惧和愤怒是可以理解的，但
understandable, but in some cases, it led us to 在某些情况下，这一事件也使我们
act contrary to our traditions and our ideals. 采取了与我们的传统和理想相悖
We are taking concrete actions to change 的行动。我们正在采取具体行动改
course. I have unequivocally prohibited the 变路线。我明确禁止美国使用酷
use of torture by the United States, and I have 刑，我已下令明年初关闭关塔纳摩
ordered the prison at Guantanamo Bay closed 湾监狱。
by early next year. (Applause.)

So America will defend itself, respectful of the 因此，美国将进行自卫，同时尊重

sovereignty of nations and the rule of law. 其他国家的主权和法治。我们在这
And we will do so in partnership with Muslim 样做的时候，将与同样受到威胁的
communities which are also threatened. The 穆斯林社区结成伙伴。早一天使极
sooner the extremists are isolated and 端主义分子在穆斯林社区受到孤
unwelcome in Muslim communities, the sooner 立和丧失人心，我们就能早一天获
we will all be safer. 得更大的安全。

The second major source of tension that we 我将讨论的紧张关系的第二大根

need to discuss is the situation between 源是以色列人、巴勒斯坦人和阿拉
Israelis, Palestinians and the Arab world. 伯世界之间的局势。

America's strong bonds with Israel are well 美国与以色列之间的牢固关系众

known. This bond is unbreakable. It is 所周知。 这种关系坚不可摧。它
based upon cultural and historical ties, and the 基于文化和历史的纽带以及这样
recognition that the aspiration for a Jewish 一个认识：对犹太家园的渴望有着
homeland is rooted in a tragic history that 一个悲哀的历史源头，这个历史是
cannot be denied. 无可否认的。

Around the world, the Jewish people were 犹太人在世界各地经受了很多世

persecuted for centuries, and anti-Semitism in 纪的迫害，反犹太主义被前所未有
Europe culminated in an unprecedented 的大屠杀推到顶峰。明天，我将参
Holocaust. Tomorrow, I will visit Buchenwald, 观布痕瓦尔德，那里曾是犹太人遭
which was part of a network of camps where 受纳粹奴役、折磨、杀害和被毒气
Jews were enslaved, tortured, shot and gassed 致死的集中营之一。600万犹太人
to death by the Third Reich. Six million Jews 惨遭杀害──这超过了今天以色列
were killed -- more than the entire Jewish 的全部犹太人口。否认这一事实是
population of Israel today. Denying that fact 站不住脚的，无知的，仇视性的。
is baseless, it is ignorant, and it is hateful. 威胁毁灭以色列──或不断重复有
Threatening Israel with destruction -- or 关犹太人的恶意成见──是极其错
repeating vile stereotypes about Jews -- is 误的，而且只会在以色列人心目中
deeply wrong, and only serves to evoke in the 唤起这一最痛苦的记忆，同时阻碍
minds of Israelis this most painful of 这个地区人民应得的和平。
memories while preventing the peace that the
people of this region deserve.
On the other hand, it is also undeniable that 然而，同样不能否认的是，巴勒斯
the Palestinian people -- Muslims and 坦人民──穆斯林和基督徒──在寻
Christians -- have suffered in pursuit of a 找家园的过程中历经苦难。60多年
homeland. For more than 60 years they've 以来，他们承受了流离失所的痛
endured the pain of dislocation. Many wait in 苦。许多人在西岸、加沙以及邻国
refugee camps in the West Bank, Gaza, and 土地的难民营里等待着他们从不
neighboring lands for a life of peace and 曾过上的和平与稳定的生活。他们
security that they have never been able to 每天忍受着由占领带来的大大小
lead. They endure the daily humiliations -- 小的羞辱。所以，毋庸置疑：巴勒
large and small -- that come with occupation. 斯坦人民的境况是不能容忍的。美
So let there be no doubt: The situation for 国对巴勒斯坦人追求尊严、机会和
the Palestinian people is intolerable. And 自身国家的合理抱负不会置之不
America will not turn our backs on the 理。
legitimate Palestinian aspiration for dignity,
opportunity, and a state of their own.
(Applause.)

For decades then, there has been a stalemate: 几十年来，一直存在着一种僵持局

two peoples with legitimate aspirations, each 面：有着合理追求的两族人民，因
with a painful history that makes compromise 各自的痛苦历史而使妥协可望不
elusive. It's easy to point fingers -- for 可及。相互指责并不难——巴勒斯
Palestinians to point to the displacement 坦人指责由以色列建国而造成的
brought about by Israel's founding, and for 流离失所，以色列人指责贯穿其全
Israelis to point to the constant hostility and 部历史的来自境内外的敌意和袭
attacks throughout its history from within its 击。然而，如果我们仅仅从一方或
borders as well as beyond. But if we see this 另一方来看待这一冲突，我们将无
conflict only from one side or the other, then 视事实：实现双方愿望的惟一出路
we will be blind to the truth: The only 是以色列人和巴勒斯坦人和平安
resolution is for the aspirations of both sides 全共存的两国解决方案。
to be met through two states, where Israelis
and Palestinians each live in peace and
security. (Applause.)

That is in Israel's interest, Palestine's interest, 这符合以色列的利益，符合巴勒斯

America's interest, and the world's interest. 坦的利益，符合美国的利益，符合
And that is why I intend to personally pursue 世界的利益。因此我将亲自致力于
this outcome with all the patience and 取得这一结果。各方根据“路线
dedication that the task requires. (Applause.) 图”已同意承担的义务是明确的。
The obligations -- the obligations that the 为了实现和平，现在是他们──以
parties have agreed to under the road map 及我们各方──应该履行自己职
are clear. For peace to come, it is time for 责的时候了。
them -- and all of us -- to live up to our
responsibilities.
Palestinians must abandon violence. 巴勒斯坦人必须放弃暴力。暴力抵
Resistance through violence and killing is 抗和屠杀不能达到目的。在几个世
wrong and it does not succeed. For centuries, 纪里，美国黑人奴隶遭鞭打，受种
black people in America suffered the lash of 族隔离的凌辱。然而，最终导致获
the whip as slaves and the humiliation of 得全面平等权利的不是暴力，而是
segregation. But it was not violence that won 对美国建国核心理想的和平与执
full and equal rights. It was a peaceful and 著的坚持。同样的经历也可在从南
determined insistence upon the ideals at the 非到南亚，从东欧到印度尼西亚的
center of America's founding. This same 其他国家人民的历史中看到。这个
story can be told by people from South Africa 经历揭示了一个简单的真理：暴力
to South Asia; from Eastern Europe to 是死路一条。向睡梦中的以色列儿
Indonesia. It's a story with a simple truth: 童发射火箭炮或炸死公共汽车上
that violence is a dead end. It is a sign 的老妪，既非胆识也非力量的表
neither of courage nor power to shoot rockets 现。它不是在申明道义权威，而是
at sleeping children, or to blow up old women 在丧失道义权威。
on a bus. That's not how moral authority is
claimed; that's how it is surrendered.

Now is the time for Palestinians to focus on 现在是巴勒斯坦人致力于如何进

what they can build. The Palestinian 行建设的时候了。巴勒斯坦权力机
Authority must develop its capacity to govern, 构必须发展治理能力，建立为人民
with institutions that serve the needs of its 的需求服务的机制。“哈马斯”确实
people. Hamas does have support among 在一些巴勒斯坦人中拥有支持，但
some Palestinians, but they also have to 他们也有责任。要为实现巴勒斯坦
recognize they have responsibilities. To play 的抱负而发挥作用，“哈马斯”就必
a role in fulfilling Palestinian aspirations, to 须停止过去的暴力，遵守过去的协
unify the Palestinian people, Hamas must put 议， 承认以色列的生存权。
an end to violence, recognize past agreements,
recognize Israel's right to exist.

At the same time, Israelis must acknowledge 与此同时，以色列人必须意识到，

that just as Israel's right to exist cannot be 正如以色列的生存权不能被剥夺
denied, neither can Palestine's. The United 一样，巴勒斯坦的生存权也不能被
States does not accept the legitimacy of 剥夺。美国不接受以色列继续建造
continued Israeli settlements. (Applause.) 定居点的合法性。这一做法违反了
This construction violates previous 过去的协议，有损实现和平的努
agreements and undermines efforts to achieve 力。现在是停止这些定居点的时候
peace. It is time for these settlements to 了。
stop. (Applause.)

And Israel must also live up to its obligation to 以色列也必须履行其义务，确保巴

ensure that Palestinians can live and work and 勒斯坦人能够生活、工作、建设其
develop their society. Just as it devastates 社会。正如摧毁巴勒斯坦人的家庭
Palestinian families, the continuing humanitari 一样，加沙持续的人道危机无益于
an crisis in Gaza does not serve Israel's 以色列的安全，西岸缺乏机会也同
security; neither does the continuing lack of 样如此。巴勒斯坦人民日常生活的
opportunity in the West Bank. Progress in the 改善必须是通向和平之路的一个
daily lives of the Palestinian people must be a 关键部分。
critical part of a road to peace, and Israel
must take concrete steps to enable such
progress.

And finally, the Arab states must recognize 最后，阿拉伯国家必须认识到，阿

that the Arab Peace Initiative was an 拉伯和平倡议（Arab Peace
important beginning, but not the end of their Initiative）是一个重要的开端，
responsibilities. The Arab-Israeli conflict 而不是责任的终止。阿-以冲突决
should no longer be used to distract the 不应再被用来转移阿拉伯国家人
people of Arab nations from other problems. 民对其他问题的视线。相反，它应
Instead, it must be a cause for action to help 成为一个行动的号召，帮助巴勒斯
the Palestinian people develop the institutions 坦人民发展维系国家的机制；承认
that will sustain their state, to recognize 以色列的合法性；选择进步，而不
Israel's legitimacy, and to choose progress 是自我消耗地向后看。
over a self-defeating focus on the past.

America will align our policies with those who 美国将使我们的政策与追求和平

pursue peace, and we will say in public what 者的政策协调一致。无论在公开场
we say in private to Israelis and Palestinians 合还是非公开场合，我们将对以色
and Arabs. (Applause.) We cannot impose 列人、巴勒斯坦人和阿拉伯人说同
peace. But privately, many Muslims recognize 样的话。我们不能把和平强加于
that Israel will not go away. Likewise, many 人。但是，在非公开场合，许多穆
Israelis recognize the need for a Palestinian 斯林承认以色列不会消失。同样，
state. It is time for us to act on what 许多以色列人也承认建立巴勒斯
everyone knows to be true. 坦国的必要性。时不我待，我们必
须基于人所共知的事实行动起来。
Too many tears have been shed. Too much 眼泪已流得太久；鲜血已洒得太
blood has been shed. All of us have a 多。我们大家都有责任为这样一天
responsibility to work for the day when the 的到来而奋斗，那就是：以色列和
mothers of Israelis and Palestinians can see 巴勒斯坦的母亲能够看到自己的
their children grow up without fear; when the 孩子毫无恐惧地长大，三大信仰的
Holy Land of the three great faiths is the place 圣地(Holy Land)成为天意属望
of peace that God intended it to be; when 的和平之地，耶路撒冷是犹太人、
Jerusalem is a secure and lasting home for 基督徒和穆斯林的安全和永久的
Jews and Christians and Muslims, and a place 家园，并像伊斯拉(ISRA)故事中
for all of the children of Abraham to mingle 摩西、耶稣和穆罕默德(颂安)共同
peacefully together as in the story of Isra -- 祈祷那样，成为亚伯拉罕所有子孙
(applause) -- as in the story of Isra, when 和平相处的地方。
Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed, peace be upon
them, joined in prayer. (Applause.)
The third source of tension is our shared 第三个造成紧张关系的原因涉及
interest in the rights and responsibilities of 国家在核武器问题上的权利和责
nations on nuclear weapons. 任，对此，我们必须达成共识。

This issue has been a source of tension 这个问题是美国与伊朗伊斯兰共

between the United States and the Islamic 和国之间关系紧张的一个根源。多
Republic of Iran. For many years, Iran has 年来，伊朗在某种程度上用它与我
defined itself in part by its opposition to my 的国家的对立来给其自身定位。伊
country, and there is in fact a tumultuous 朗与美国之间确实有着坎坷的历
history between us. In the middle of the Cold 史。在冷战期间，美国对伊朗的民
War, the United States played a role in the 选政府被推翻起了作用。自伊斯兰
overthrow of a democratically elected Iranian 革命以来，伊朗在劫持人质和对美
government. Since the Islamic Revolution, 军及平民发动的暴力事件中扮演
Iran has played a role in acts of hostage- 了角色。这一历史众所周知。我没
taking and violence against U.S. troops and 有选择自陷于过去，我已经向伊朗
civilians. This history is well known. Rather 领导人和伊朗人民表明，我国已做
than remain trapped in the past, I've made it 好向前迈步的准备。对于伊朗而
clear to Iran's leaders and people that my 言，现在的问题不在于反对什么，
country is prepared to move forward. The 而在于它希望建设什么样的未来。
question now is not what Iran is against, but
rather what future it wants to build.

I recognize it will be hard to overcome 消除数十年的不信任决非易事，但

decades of mistrust, but we will proceed with 是我们有勇气、有正气、有决心向
courage, rectitude, and resolve. There will be 前迈进。我们两国之间有许多问题
many issues to discuss between our two 有待商讨，我们愿意在没有先决条
countries, and we are willing to move forward 件的情况下基于相互尊重向前迈
without preconditions on the basis of mutual 进。但是，有关各方都很清楚，在
respect. But it is clear to all concerned that 核武器方面我们已经处在一个决
when it comes to nuclear weapons, we have 定性关头。它所关系到的不单纯是
reached a decisive point. This is not simply 美国的利益，而是为了阻止一场可
about America's interests. It's about 能会使中东地区和全世界走上一
preventing a nuclear arms race in the Middle 条极其危险的道路的核武器竞赛。
East that could lead this region and the world
down a hugely dangerous path.
I understand those who protest that some 我理解有些人针对一些国家拥有
countries have weapons that others do not. 核武器而其他国家没有核武器而
No single nation should pick and choose which 提出的抗议。任何一个国家都不应
nation holds nuclear weapons. And that's 挑选哪些国家可以拥有核武器。因
why I strongly reaffirmed America's 此，我坚决重申，美国承诺争取建
commitment to seek a world in which no 立一个任何国家都不拥有核武器
nations hold nuclear weapons. (Applause.) 的世界。任何一个国家——包括伊
And any nation -- including Iran -- should 朗——如果它履行对《不扩散核武
have the right to access peaceful nuclear 器条约》(Non-Proliferation
power if it complies with its responsibilities Treaty)承担的责任，就应当有权
under the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. 获取用于和平目的的核能源。这一
That commitment is at the core of the treaty, 承诺是这项条约的核心，应为条约
and it must be kept for all who fully abide by it. 各方全面遵守。我希望这个地区的
And I'm hopeful that all countries in the 所有国家都支持这一目标。
region can share in this goal.

The fourth issue that I will address is 我要讲的第四个题目是民主。

democracy. (Applause.)

I know -- I know there has been controversy 我知道，近几年来在推进民主方面

about the promotion of democracy in recent 存在争议，而且许多争议与伊拉克
years, and much of this controversy is 战争有关。所以，我要明确表示：
connected to the war in Iraq. So let me be 没有任何一种政府体制能够或应
clear: No system of government can or should 该被一个国家强加给另一个国家。
be imposed by one nation by any other.

That does not lessen my commitment, 但是，我并不因此而减少我对代表

however, to governments that reflect the will 人民意愿的政府的承诺。每个国家
of the people. Each nation gives life to this 以植根于本国人民传统的各自方
principle in its own way, grounded in the 式给这一原则赋予生命力。美国并
traditions of its own people. America does 不自认知道什么是对所有人最为
not presume to know what is best for 有益的做法，正如我们不会主观选
everyone, just as we would not presume to 择和平选举的结果一样。但是我确
pick the outcome of a peaceful election. But I 实坚信，某些东西是所有人都渴望
do have an unyielding belief that all people 的：能够畅所欲言并对自己被管理
yearn for certain things: the ability to speak 的方式有发言权；对法治和司法公
your mind and have a say in how you are 正有信心；政府施政透明，不盗窃
governed; confidence in the rule of law and 人民财富；以及有自由按自己选择
the equal administration of justice; 的方式生活等。这些不是美国人的
government that is transparent and doesn't 发明，这些是人的权利，因此美国
steal from the people; the freedom to live as 在各地都支持这些权利。
you choose. These are not just American
ideas; they are human rights. And that is
why we will support them everywhere. (Appl
ause.)

Now, there is no straight line to realize this 实现这一诺言没有直线可循，但是

promise. But this much is clear: 有一点是明确的：保护这些权利的
Governments that protect these rights are 政府最终会更稳定、更成功、更安
ultimately more stable, successful and secure. 全。压制思想决不会让这些思想消
Suppressing ideas never succeeds in making 失。美国尊重世界各地一切和平、
them go away. America respects the right of 守法人士的发言权，即使我们与他
all peaceful and law-abiding voices to be heard 们意见不一。我们将欢迎所有民选
around the world, even if we disagree with 的和平政府——只要这些政府在
them. And we will welcome all elected, 施政时尊重本国人民。
peaceful governments -- provided they govern
with respect for all their people.

This last point is important because there are 最后一点很重要，因为有些人只是

some who advocate for democracy only when 在不当政时呼吁民主，一旦大权在
they're out of power; once in power, they are 握，他们就残暴压制他人的权利。
ruthless in suppressing the rights of others. 无论植根于何处，民有和民治的政
(Applause.) So no matter where it takes hold, 府为所有当权者设定了一个标准：
government of the people and by the people 你必须通过人民的许可保持权力，
sets a single standard for all who would hold 而不是采用强迫手段；你必须尊重
power: You must maintain your power 少数派的权利，本着宽容和妥协的
through consent, not coercion; you must 精神参与；你必须把人民的利益以
respect the rights of minorities, and 及合法的政治程序至于自己的政
participate with a spirit of tolerance and 党利益之上。没有这些要素，单凭
compromise; you must place the interests of 选举无法实现真正的民主。
your people and the legitimate workings of the
political process above your party. Without
these ingredients, elections alone do not make
true democracy.

AUDIENCE MEMBER: Barack Obama, we love 我们必须共同解决的第五个问题

you! 是宗教自由问题。
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you. (Applause.) 伊斯兰教拥有值得自豪的宽容的
The fifth issue that we must address 传统。这一点我们在宗教法庭时期
together is religious freedom. 安达鲁西亚（Andalusia）和科尔
多瓦（ Cordoba）的历史上看得很
清楚。我童年时在印度尼西亚亲眼
所见，在这个穆斯林占人口绝大多
数的国家，虔诚的基督教徒可以自
由地从事礼拜活动。这种精神是我
们今天所需要的。每一个国家的人
民都应能听从自己的思想、感情和
灵魂的驱使，自由地选择宗教信仰
和过自己的宗教生活──无论他们
选择的是何种宗教。这种宽容精神
对宗教的兴旺是必不可少的，但现
在受到了来自多方面的挑战。
Islam has a proud tradition of tolerance. We 在某些穆斯林中，有一种令人不安
see it in the history of Andalusia and Cordoba 的倾向：通过排斥他人的信仰来显
during the Inquisition. I saw it firsthand as a 示对自己的信仰之忠诚。丰富的宗
child in Indonesia, where devout Christians 教多样性必须得到维护──无论是
worshiped freely in an overwhelmingly Muslim 黎巴嫩的马龙派教徒(Maronites)
country. That is the spirit we need today. 还是埃及的科普特教会成员
People in every country should be free to (Copts)。另外，如果我们能够诚
choose and live their faith based upon the 实地对待这个问题，穆斯林内部的
persuasion of the mind and the heart and the 裂隙也必须弥合，因为逊尼派和什
soul. This tolerance is essential for religion to 叶派的分歧在某些地方已导致悲
thrive, but it's being challenged in many 惨的暴力，特别是在伊拉克。
different ways.

Among some Muslims, there's a disturbing 宗教自由对各族人民能否和睦相

tendency to measure one's own faith by the 处至关重要。我们必须经常认真地
rejection of somebody else's faith. The 考虑我们保护宗教自由的方式。例
richness of religious diversity must be upheld - 如，在美国，有关慈善捐款的规定
- whether it is for Maronites in Lebanon or the 加大了穆斯林履行宗教捐助义务
Copts in Egypt. (Applause.) And if we are 的难度。为此，我承诺与美国穆斯
being honest, fault lines must be closed 林共同努力，以确保他们能够施行
among Muslims, as well, as the divisions 天课（zakat）。
between Sunni and Shia have led to tragic
violence, particularly in Iraq.

Freedom of religion is central to the ability of 同样，西方国家必须避免妨碍穆斯

peoples to live together. We must always 林公民按照自己的意愿从事宗教
examine the ways in which we protect it. For 活动—例如，不能对穆斯林妇女的
instance, in the United States, rules on 着装进行强制规定。我们不能以自
charitable giving have made it harder for Musli 由主义为幌子敌视任何宗教。
ms to fulfill their religious obligation. That's
why I'm committed to working with American
Muslims to ensure that they can fulfill zakat.

Likewise, it is important for Western countries 的确，信仰应有助于我们休戚与

to avoid impeding Muslim citizens from 共。因此，我们正在美国制订一些
practicing religion as they see fit -- for 新的服务计划，使基督徒、穆斯林
instance, by dictating what clothes a Muslim 和犹太人共同参与。因此，我们欢
woman should wear. We can't disguise 迎阿卜杜拉国王倡导的宗教间对
hostility towards any religion behind the 话和土耳其在文明联盟(Alliance
pretence of liberalism. of Civilizations)中发挥的领导作
用。在全世界各地，我们可以使宗
教间对话发展成宗教间服务，通过
各种连接各族人民的桥梁促使我
们采取行动推进共同的人道精神
──不论是在非洲抗击疟疾, 还是
在自然灾害后提供救援。
In fact, faith should bring us together. And 我要谈的第六个问题是妇女的权
that's why we're forging service projects in 利。
America to bring together Christians, Muslims,
and Jews. That's why we welcome efforts like
Saudi Arabian King Abdullah's interfaith
dialogue and Turkey's leadership in the
Alliance of Civilizations. Around the world, we
can turn dialogue into interfaith service, so
bridges between peoples lead to action --
whether it is combating malaria in Africa, or
providing relief after a natural disaster.

The sixth issue -- the sixth issue that I want 我知道在这个问题上存在着争论，

to address is women's rights. (Applause.) I 在座的各位就是例证。西方某些人
know –- I know -- and you can tell from this 认为一位妇女选择遮盖自己的头
audience, that there is a healthy debate about 发即说明不那么平等，我反对这种
this issue. I reject the view of some in the 看法。但我确实认为剥夺妇女的教
West that a woman who chooses to cover her 育权利就是剥夺了妇女的平等权
hair is somehow less equal, but I do believe 利。妇女受到良好教育的国家有极
that a woman who is denied an education is 大的可能实现繁荣，这种情况决非
denied equality. (Applause.) And it is no 偶然。
coincidence that countries where women are
well educated are far more likely to be
prosperous.
Now, let me be clear: Issues of women's 我希望明确表示：妇女的平等权利
equality are by no means simply an issue for 绝不仅仅是伊斯兰教的问题。在土
Islam. In Turkey, Pakistan, Bangladesh, 耳其、巴基斯坦、孟加拉国和印度
Indonesia, we've seen Muslim-majority 尼西亚，我们看到这些穆斯林人口
countries elect a woman to lead. Meanwhile, 占多数的国家选举了妇女领导人。
the struggle for women's equality continues in 与此同时，在美国社会生活的许多
many aspects of American life, and in 方面以及在世界上其他国家，争取
countries around the world. 妇女平等的斗争仍在持续。

I am convinced that our daughters can 我深信，我们的女儿们也能像我们

contribute just as much to society as our sons. 的儿子们一样为社会作出很大贡
(Applause.) Our common prosperity will be 献。让全人类—包括男人和女人—
advanced by allowing all humanity -- men and 充分发挥其潜力将促进我们的共
women -- to reach their full potential. I do 同繁荣。我并不认为，妇女为了获
not believe that women must make the same 得平等必须作出与男人相同的选
choices as men in order to be equal, and I 择，我尊重在生活中选择承担传统
respect those women who choose to live their 角色的妇女。但是，这应当是她们
lives in traditional roles. But it should be their 自己的选择。因此，美国愿意与任
choice. And that is why the United States will 何一个以穆斯林为主体的国家进
partner with any Muslim-majority country to 行合作，支持提高女童识字率，并
support expanded literacy for girls, and to 通过小型信贷帮助年轻妇女创业，
help young women pursue employment 实现自己的梦想。
through micro-financing that helps people live
their dreams. (Applause.)

Finally, I want to discuss economic 我要谈的最后一个问题是经济发

development and opportunity. 展和经济机会。

I know that for many, the face of globalization 我知道对许多人来说，全球化的景

is contradictory. The Internet and television 象充满着矛盾。因特网和电视能传
can bring knowledge and information, but also 播知识和信息，但同时也会展示露
offensive sexuality and mindless violence into 骨的性行为和肆无忌惮的暴力。贸
the home. Trade can bring new wealth and 易可以带来新的财富和机会，但也
opportunities, but also huge disruptions and 会造成巨大的分化和社区的演变。
change in communities. In all nations -- 在所有的国家──其中也包括美国
including America -- this change can bring fear. ──这种变化可以引起恐惧，担心
Fear that because of modernity we lose 现代化会意味着我们失去对自己
control over our economic choices, our politics, 的经济选择、对政治，最重要的是
and most importantly our identities -- those 对自身特征的控制──那些我们挚
things we most cherish about our communities, 爱的有关我们的社区、我们的家庭
our families, our traditions, and our faith. 和我们的宗教信仰的方方面面。
But I also know that human progress cannot 但我知道，人类的进步不可阻挡。
be denied. There need not be contradictions 发展与传统并不矛盾。日本和韩国
between development and tradition. Countries 等国家在保持自己特有文化的同
like Japan and South Korea grew their 时发展了经济。在从吉隆坡到迪拜
economies enormously while maintaining 的穆斯林占主体的国家内，也出现
distinct cultures. The same is true for the 了同样惊人的经济进步。无论在古
astonishing progress within Muslim-majority 代还是现代，穆斯林社区都站在创
countries from Kuala Lumpur to Dubai. In 新和教育的前列。
ancient times and in our times, Muslim
communities have been at the forefront of
innovation and education.

And this is important because no development 这一点十分重要，因为发展战略绝

strategy can be based only upon what comes 不能仅仅建立在地下资源的基础
out of the ground, nor can it be sustained 之上，在年轻人失业的情况下，发
while young people are out of work. Many 展也不可能持续。很多海湾国家因
Gulf states have enjoyed great wealth as a 丰富的石油资源而享有富足的生
consequence of oil, and some are beginning to 活，其中有些国家已开始专注于更
focus it on broader development. But all of 广泛的发展。但是，我们大家都必
us must recognize that education and 须认识到，教育和创新将成为21
innovation will be the currency of the 21st 世纪的资本，而太多穆斯林社区对
century -- (applause) -- and in too many 这些领域投资不足。我正在我的国
Muslim communities, there remains 家强调这一点。过去，美国特别重
underinvestment in these areas. I'm 视这一地区的石油和天然气资源，
emphasizing such investment within my own 如今，我们将寻求更广泛的接触。
country. And while America in the past has
focused on oil and gas when it comes to this
part of the world, we now seek a broader
engagement.

On education, we will expand exchange 在教育领域，我们将扩大交流项

programs, and increase scholarships, like the 目，增加奖学金，就像我父亲，当
one that brought my father to America. 年就是靠奖学金有机会去美国的。
(Applause.) At the same time, we will 与此同时，我们将鼓励更多的美国
encourage more Americans to study in Muslim 人到穆斯林地区学习。我们将安排
communities. And we will match promising 有前途的穆斯林学生到美国实习，
Muslim students with internships in America; 为世界各地的教师与儿童投资发
invest in online learning for teachers and 展在线教学，创造新的在线网络，
children around the world; and create a new 让堪萨斯的青少年能够即时与开
online network, so a young person in Kansas 罗的青少年进行网上沟通。
can communicate instantly with a young
person in Cairo.
On economic development, we will create a 谈到经济发展，我们将建立新的商
new corps of business volunteers to partner 务志愿队，与穆斯林为主体的国家
with counterparts in Muslim-majority countries. 中的同行结成伙伴。我将在今年主
And I will host a Summit on 持一次创业峰会( Summit on
Entrepreneurship this year to identify how we Entrepreneurship)，以确定我们
can deepen ties between business leaders, 如何能够深化美国与全世界穆斯
foundations and social entrepreneurs in the 林社区中的工商领导人、基金会及
United States and Muslim communities around 社会企业家之间的关系。
the world.

On science and technology, we will launch a 在科学技术领域，我们将发起一项

new fund to support technological 新的基金以支持穆斯林为主体的
development in Muslim-majority countries, 国家中的技术发展，帮助将创意投
and to help transfer ideas to the marketplace 入市场，以创造更多就业机会。我
so they can create more jobs. We'll open 们将在非洲、中东及东南亚地区开
centers of scientific excellence in Africa, the 设促进科学事业中心，并任命新的
Middle East and Southeast Asia, and appoint 科学事务特使，就有关计划进行合
new science envoys to collaborate on 作，以开发新型能源、创造有利环
programs that develop new sources of energy, 保的工作机会、使档案数字化、使
create green jobs, digitize records, clean water, 水资源洁净化，并种植新型作物。
grow new crops. Today I'm announcing a 今天我宣布与伊斯兰会议组织
new global effort with the Organization of the (Organization of the Islamic
Islamic Conference to eradicate polio. And Conference)的一项新合作，旨在
we will also expand partnerships with Muslim 根除小儿麻痹症。我们还将谋求扩
communities to promote child and maternal 大与穆斯林社区的合作关系，以促
health. 进儿童和妇女健康。

All these things must be done in partnership. 所有这一切必须通过合作关系来

Americans are ready to join with citizens and 实现。美国人已准备与各国政府及
governments; community organizations, 公民、社区组织、宗教领袖及穆斯
religious leaders, and businesses in Muslim 林社区的公司企业携手努力，帮助
communities around the world to help our 人们追求更好的生活。
people pursue a better life.

The issues that I have described will not be 我所谈到的这些问题并不能轻易

easy to address. But we have a responsibility 解决。然而，我们有责任携手努力
to join together on behalf of the world that we 建设一个我们所追求的世界——
seek -- a world where extremists no longer 一个极端主义分子不再威胁我们
threaten our people, and American troops 的人民、美国军队返回家园的世
have come home; a world where Israelis and 界；一个巴勒斯坦人和以色列人在
Palestinians are each secure in a state of their 各自国家中和平安全、核能仅用于
own, and nuclear energy is used for peaceful 和平目的世界；一个政府服务于人
purposes; a world where governments serve 民、上天所有子民的权利都得到尊
their citizens, and the rights of all God's childr 重的世界。这些是共同的利益。这
en are respected. Those are mutual interests. 是我们所追求的世界，但我们只有
That is the world we seek. But we can only 携手共进才能如愿以偿。
achieve it together.

I know there are many -- Muslim and non- 我知道有很多人──穆斯林和非穆

Muslim -- who question whether we can forge 斯林──怀疑我们是否能创造这个
this new beginning. Some are eager to stoke 新的开端。有些人急于煽风点火制
the flames of division, and to stand in the way 造隔阂，成为前进路上的绊脚石。
of progress. Some suggest that it isn't worth 有些人认为不值得付出这样的努
the effort -- that we are fated to disagree, and 力──他们说我们注定要有分歧，
civilizations are doomed to clash. Many more 文明的冲突在劫难逃。还有很多人
are simply skeptical that real change can occur. 只是对变化是否真能发生疑虑重
There's so much fear, so much mistrust that 重。有太多的恐惧感，太多的不信
has built up over the years. But if we choose 任。但我们若甘于被过去束缚，就
to be bound by the past, we will never move 永远无法前进。我特别要对各国各
forward. And I want to particularly say this to 个信仰的年轻人说——你们，比任
young people of every faith, in every country - 何人都有能力重建这个世界。
- you, more than anyone, have the ability to
reimagine the world, to remake this world.

All of us share this world for but a brief 我们所有人都不过是这个世界的

moment in time. The question is whether we 匆匆过客。问题在于，我们是把这
spend that time focused on what pushes us 段时间花在导致我们分裂的东西
apart, or whether we commit ourselves to an 上，还是全心致力于一种努力──
effort -- a sustained effort -- to find common 一种持久努力──以寻求共同之
ground, to focus on the future we seek for our 处，以我们争取为子孙后代创造的
children, and to respect the dignity of all 未来为重，并尊重全人类的尊严。
human beings.

It's easier to start wars than to end them. 结束战争比发动战争要难。看到与

It's easier to blame others than to look inward. 别人的共同之处比看到不同之处
It's easier to see what is different about 要难。我们应该选择正确的道路，
someone than to find the things we share. 而不只是容易的道路。而这正是信
But we should choose the right path, not just 仰给我们指明的方向。所有宗教都
the easy path. There's one rule that lies at 有同一个核心原则──已 所 不欲 ，
the heart of every religion -- that we do unto 勿施于人。这条真理超越国家与民
others as we would have them do unto us. 族──这一信念不是新出现的；不
(Applause.) This truth transcends nations 是黑色的、白色的或棕色的；也不
and peoples -- a belief that isn't new; that 代表基督教、伊斯兰教或犹太教。
isn't black or white or brown; that isn't 这种信仰孕育于文明的摇篮，至今
Christian or Muslim or Jew. It's a belief that 跳动在亿万民众的心间。它是对他
pulsed in the cradle of civilization, and that 人的信任，它是促使我今天来到这
still beats in the hearts of billions around the 里的原因。
world. It's a faith in other people, and it's
what brought me here today.

We have the power to make the world we seek, 我们有能力把世界变成我们所希

but only if we have the courage to make a 望的那样，但前提是我们必须勇于
new beginning, keeping in mind what has 开创新的开端，同时谨记经文的训
been written. 导。

The Holy Koran tells us: "O mankind! We 《古兰经》告诉我们：“人类！我

have created you male and a female; and we 们创造了你男人和一个女人；我们
have made you into nations and tribes so that 让你们成为国家和部落以便彼此
you may know one another." 相识。”

The Talmud tells us: "The whole of the Torah 《塔木德经》(Talmud)告诉我们：

is for the purpose of promoting peace." “全部《托拉》(Torah)都是为倡导
和平。”
The Holy Bible tells us: "Blessed are the 《 圣 经》（ Holy Bible）告诉我们：
peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of “使人和睦的人有福了，因为他们
God." (Applause.) 必称为神的儿子 。”

The people of the world can live together in 世界人民能够和平共处。我们知道

peace. We know that is God's vision. Now 这是主的旨意。现在，这必须是我
that must be our work here on Earth. 们在地球上的使命。

Thank you. And may God's peace be upon 谢谢你们，愿主赐予各位平安。非

you. Thank you very much. Thank you. 常感谢你们。谢谢你们。
(Applause.)

END 2:05 P.M. (Local) （完）当地时间下午2时05分

(end transcript)

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