EXPERIMENT NO. 5 1.

AIM:
To study the Free Vibration of Two Rotor System and to determine the Natural Frequency of Vibration Theoretically & Experimentally.

2. DESCRIPTION:
In this experiment, two discs having different mass moments of inertia are clamped one at each of the shaft by means of collect and chucks. Attaching the cross lever weights can change Mass moment of inertia of any disc. Both discs are free to oscillate in ball bearing. This provides negligible damping during experiment.

3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
1.Fix two discs to the shaft and fit the shaft in bearing. 2.Deflect the disc in opposite direction by hand and release. 3.Note down time required for particular number of oscillations. 4.Fit the cross arm to one of the discs says B and again note down the time. 5. Repeat the procedure with different equal masses attached to the ends of cross arm and note down the time.

4. FORMULAE:
1. Actual Time Period, T Tact.=t/n sec. 2. Polar moment of inertia, Ip=* d^4 / 32 3. Torsional stiffness, Kt= G*Ip / L 4. Moment of inertia of disc A A=WA*DA / g8 5.Moment of Inertia of disc B IB=WA*DA/ g*8 + 2W1*R / g*8 6 Therotical time period Ttheo.= 2* ,IA*IB/Kt(IA+IB)- Sec 7. Theoretical Frequency f theo.= 1 /Ttheo. HZ 8. Actual frequency
fact.= 1 / Ttheo

5. OBSERVATION & CALCULATIONS.NO No. Of Oscillations N Time for n Osco. T (sec.) Weigh Attached (Kg) Radius of weight (Cm) IA IB T act.

6.CALCULATIONS.NO IA Kg cm
Kg cm 2 IB 2 T Theo. Sec F Theo. H T Exit. Sec. F Exit. Hz

7. NOMENCLATURE:
Tact =Actual time period t =Time required for n oscillation n=number of oscillations Ip=Polar moment of inertia d=Diameter of shaft kt=Torsional Stiffness

G=Modulus of rigidity of shaft L=Length of shaft IA=Moment of .Inertia of disc A and IB=Moment of .Inertia of disc B (With weight on cross arm) WA=weight of disc A WB=weight of disc B L=weight of disc A weight of disc B Length of the shaft DA=diameter of disc A DB=Diameter of disc B g=Acceleration due gravity W1=Weight attached to the cross arm. R=Radius of fixation of the weight on the arm.

ExcerciseQ.1- What is the two rotor system? How is differ from single rotor system. Q.2- Explain the concept of torsion ally equivalent shaft? Q.3- Write a short note on vibration of undamped system with harmonic excitation. Q.4 -What is the basic effect on the frequency when the two rotor system is used as compare to single rotor system? Q.5- Derive an expression for equivalent shaft on the two rotor system?

EXPERIMENT NO. 6 1.AIM:

To study the Damped Torsional Oscillation & to determine the damping co-efficient

2.DESCRIPTION:
This experiment consists of a long elastic shaft gripped at the upper end by chuck in the bracket. The bracket is clamped to upper beam of the main frame. A heavy steel flywheel clamped at the lower end of the shaft suspended from bracket. Damping drum is fixed to the lower face of the flywheel. This drum is immersed in water, which provides damping. Rotor can be taken up and down for varying the depth of immersion of damping drum. Recording drum is mounted to the upper face of the flywheel. Paper is to be wrapped around the recording drum. Oscillations are recorded on the paper with the help of specially designed piston of dashpot. The piston carries the attachment for fixing sketch pen.

3.EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
1 . With no water in the container allow the flywheel to oscillation measure the time for say 10 oscillations. 2.Put thin mineral oil (no. 10 or 20) in the drum and note the depth of immersion. 3.Put the sketch pen in it bracket. 4.Allow the flywheel to vibrate. 5.Allow the pen to descend. See that the pen always makes contact with paper & record oscillation. 6.Determine an i.e. amplitude at any position & Entry. Amplitude after r cycle. 7.After complete the experiment drain the water.

4.FORMULAE:
1. Torsional stiffness, Kt=G*Ip / L 2. Polar moment of inertia I= *d^4 / 32 3. Actual time period Tact.= t / n 4. Theoritical time period Ttheo.= 2* ,(L /Kt)- 5. Moment of inertia of flywheel I= W* D / g* 8 6. Critical damping factor Ctc=2.W/g,(Kt/ I)- 7. Logarithmic decrement r. log*Xn / Xntr+ 8. Damping ratio Ct / Ctc= + 8)-

5.OBSERVATION TABLES.NO Length of Suspension of Shaft - Cm. Xn (cm.) Xntr. (cm. No. Of cycles(r) No. Of n oscillation. Time of n oscillation

6. NOMENCLATURE
kt G IP L d t n Tact Ttheo I W D g Ctc Xn = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Torsional Rigidity modulus of rigidity Polar moment of inertia Length of shaft Diameter of shaft time required for n oscillation number of oscillation Actual time period Theoretical time period time period Moment of inertia Weight of disc Diameter of disc Acceleration due gravity Critical damping factor Logarithmic decrement Amplitude of the vibration at the beginning of the measurement to be found from record Xntr = Amplitude of the vibration after r cycles from the rec

ExerciseQ.1- What is the damping? Why are the necessary for the vibrating system?

Q.2 Explain different type of damping? Q.3- A body of mass 5kg is supported on a spring of stiffness 1960n/m and has a dashpot Connected It which produces a resistance of 1.96n at a velocity of 1m/s . In what Ratio will the amplitude of Vibration is reduced after 5 cycles? Q.4- Explain logrithmic decrement? What is the basic effect on vibration system? Q.5 A gun barrel weighing 5430N has a recoil spring of stiffness 292KN/m. if the barrel Recoils 1.22 On firing. Determine:1. the initial recoil velocity of the barrel 2.The critical damping coeff. Of a dashpot which is engaged at the end of the recoil

EXPERIMENT NO. - 7

1.AIM: TO VERIFY THE DUNKER LAYS RULE VIZ.

1/F =1/FL +1/FB WHERE:F=NATURAL FREQUENCY OF GIVEN BEAM (CONSIDERING THE WEIGHT OF BEAM) WITH CENTRAL LOAD W. FL=NATURAL FREQUENCY OF GIVEN BEAM (NEGLECTING THE WEIGHT OF BEAM) WITH CENTRAL LOAD W. FL=1/2 (48E.I.G/L W) FIB=NATURAL FREQUENCY OF THE BEAM.
3 2 2 2

2.DESCRIPTION:
AT RECTANGULAR BAR IS SUPPORTED IN TRUNION FITTING AT EACH END. EACH TRUNION IS PROVIDED IN A BALL BEARING CARRIED IN HOUSING. EACH BEARING HOUSING IS FIXED TO THE VERTICAL FRAME MEMBER. THE BEAM CARRIES A WEIGHT PLATFORM.

3.EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:

1. ARRANGE THE SET-UP AS SHUN IN FIG.10 WITH SOME WT. W CLAMPED TO WT PLATFORM. 2. PULL THE PLATFORM S RELEASE IT TO SET THE SYSTEM IN TO NATURAL VIBRATION. 3. FIND THE PLATFORM TIME T S FREQUENCY OF VIBRATION F BY MEASURING TIME FOR SOME OSCILLATION 4. REPEAT EXPERIMENT BY PUTTING ADDIONAL MASSES ON WEIGHT PLATFORM. 5. PLOT GRAPH OF 1/F2 VS.

4.FORMULA:
1. FREQUENCY OF BEAM, FL=1/2 (48EIG/L W) 2. NATURAL FREQUENCY FB=/2 (G.E.I/WL ) 3. MOMENT OF INERTIA OF BEAM SECTION I=BH /12 4. ACTUAL TIME PERIOD, TACT=T/N 5. ACTUAL FREQUENCY, FACT=1/TACT
3 4 3

5.OBSERVATION & CALCULATION TABLE:

S NO. 1 2 3

WT. ATTACHED W KG.

NO. OF OSC N

TIME FOR N OSC. T

TACT=T/N (SEC)

FREQUENCY FACT.(HZ)

NOMANCLATURE:
B=WIDTH OF BEAM E= MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF BEAM MATERIAL FL= FREQUENCY OF BEAM FB= NATURAL FREQUENCY OF BEAM FACT=ACTUAL FREQUENCY G=ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY.. H=THICKNESS OF BEAM I=MOMENT OF INERTIA L=LENGTH OF THE BEAM N=NUMBER OF OSCILLATIONS T=TIME TAKEN FOR N OSCILLATION TACT=ACTUAL TIME PERIOD W=WEIGHT OF BEAM PER UNIT LENGTH W=CENTRAL LOAD OF THE BEAM, OR WEIGHT ATTACHED.

ExcerciseQ.1- What is the Dunkeys Ley Rule? Q.2- How it is the benificial for vibratory system? Q.3- A machine weighs 18kg and is supported on spring and dashpot. The total stiffness of spring is 12N/mm and damping coeff. Is 0.2N-s/mm. The system is initially at rest and a velocity of 120mm/s is imparted to the mass. Determine:- (1) the displacement and velocity of mass as a function of time (2) the displacement and velocity after 0.5 sec Q.4 Explain derive equation for these law?

EXPERIMENT NO. 8
1.AIM: To study the longitudinal vibration of helical spring and to determine the frequency and time period of oscillation theoretically and actually by experiment. 2.DESCRIPTION: One end of open coil spring is fixed to the nut having a hole which itself is mounted on a MS strip fixed on one side of the main frame. The lower end of the spring is attached to the platform carrying the weights. The stiffness of the spring can be finding out by varying the weights on the platform and by measuring the deflection of the spring. The time period of vibrations can be calculated by measuring the nos. of oscillation and time taken by them. 3.EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: 1.Fix one end of the helical spring to upper screw. 2.Determine free length. 3.Put some weight to platform and note down the deflection. 4.Stretch the spring through some distance and release. 5.Count the time required in Sec. for say 10, 20 oscillations. 6.Determine the actual period. 7.Repeat the procedure for different weights. FORMULAE: 1. Stiffness, K=W/S kg/cm.

4.

2.

Mean Stiffness, k

k +k +k m = 1 2 3 3. Theoretical time period. Ttheo.=2/ (w/km*g) Theoretical frequency, Ftheo.=1/Ttheo. 5.Actual time period= t/n 6.Actual frequency= 1/T 4.

5.OBSERVATION & CALCULATION TABLE - 1

S. No.

Wt. Attached,W Kg. deflection in spring cm.

Stiffness kKg / cm

Mean Stiffness Km Kg / cm

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

OBSERVATION & CALCULATION TABLE - 2

S. No.

Wt. Attached W kg.

No. Of Osc. n

Time reqd. for n Osc. t (sec)

T theo (sec )

T expt ( sec )

f theo (Hz)

f expt ( Hz)

6. NOMENCATURE:

k W

Stiffness of the spring Weight applied

km g n t Tact T theo

Deflection of the spring. Mean Stiffness. Acceleration due to gravity No. of oscillations. Time taken by n oscillation Actual time period T theo

ExcerciseQ.1-What is spring mass system? Q.2- What is the basic difference between helical spring & leaf spring? Q.3- A machine of mass 75 kg is mounted on an isolator having a stiffness 1200x1000N/m and a damping factor 0.2. A reciprocating part of 2kg has 80mm stroke. If the crank speed is 3000 r.p.m determine-1. The amplitude of machine (2) the phase angle (3) the force transmitted to the foundation Q.4 Derive an equation for the forced vibration system? Q.5- Explain different type of damping system?

EXPERIMENT NO. 9

1. AIM: To study the undamped free vibration of equivalent spring mass system. 2. DESCRIPTION: The equipment is designed to study free damped and undamped vibration. It consists of M.S. rectangular beam supported at one end by a trunion pivoted in ball bearing. The bearing housing is fixed to the side member of the frame. The other end of beam is supported by the lower end of helical spring; upper end of the spring is attached to screw, which engages with screwed hand wheel. The screw can be adjusted vertically in any convenient position and can be clamped with the help of lock nut. The exciter unit can be mounted at any position along the beam. Additional known weights may be added to the weight platform under side exciter. 3.EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: 1.Support one end of beam in the slot of trunion and clamp it by means of screw. 2.Attached the other end of the beam to lower end of spring. 3.Adjust the screw to which the spring is attached with the help of hand wheel such that beam is horizontal in position. 4.Weight the exciter assembly along with discs, bearing and weights platform. 5.Clamp the assembly at Convenient position. 6.Measure the distance L1 of the assembly from pivot. Allow system to vibrate freely. 7.Measure the time for any 10 oscillations and periodic time and natural frequency of vibration. 8.Repeat the experiment by varying L1 and also putting different weights on platform. 4. FORMULAE: 1.Time Period, Ttheo =2* me / k

2 . Equivalent mass at the spring, ms=ME=M *L12/L2+ m=W+w/g 1. Actual Time period,Tact.=t/n sec.

5.OBSERVATION & CALCULATION TABLE:

Wt. (Kg)

L1 (cm)

No. Of Osc. n

Time for n Osc.

Tact = t/n (sec)

Freq. f act (Hz)

T theo. (sec)

f theo

6. NOMENCLATURE:
G= ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY K=STIFFNESS OF SPRING L1=DISTANCE OF W FROM PIVOT L=DISTANCE OF SPRING FROM PIVOT T=TIME TAKEN FOR N OSSC. W=WT. OF EXCITER ASSEMBLY ALONG WITH WT. PLATFORM=18.7KG. W=WT. ATTACHED ON EXCITER ASSEMBLY

Excercise

Q.1- Explain the spring mass system in series & parallel system? Also derive their equations? Q.2. Derive the defferiential equation for the undamped free vibrations system? Q.3 A homogeneous solid cylinder of mass m and radius r is linked by a spring of stiffness K N/cm And is resting on an inclined plane. If the cylinderroll Without slipping. Find out the frequency of oscillation of the rolling cylinder. Q.4 Derive the expression for the amplitude of steady state vibration and phase angle for a sprin mass system subjected to an external periodic force? Q5 what is vibration isolation? What is the various isolation material used for isolation?

EXPERIMENT NO. 10
1. AIM: To study the Forced damped Vibration of Equivalent Spring Mass System. 2. DESCRIPTION: It is similar to that described for expt. No. 9. The exciter unit is coupled to D.C. variable speed motor. RPM of motor can be varied with the speed control unit. Speed of rotation can known from the RPM indicator on control panel. It is necessary to connect the damper unit to the exciter. Amplitude of vibration can be recorded on strip chart recorder. 3. DAMPING ARRANGEMENT: 1. 2. 3. Close the one hole of damper for light damping. Close the two holes of damper for medium damping. Close all the three holes of damper for heavy damping.

4. 4. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
1. 2. 3. Arrange the set-up as described for expt. 09 Start the motor and allow the system to vibrate. Wait for 1 to 2 minutes for amplitude to build the particular forcing frequency.

4. Adjust the position of strip chart recorder. Take the recorder of amplitude Vs. time on strip chart recorder by starting recorder motor. Press recorder platform on the pen gently. Pen should be wet with ink. Avoid excessive pressure to get good result. 5. Take record by changing forcing frequencies. 6. Repeat the experiment by adjusting the holes on the piston of damper can change different damping. 7. Plot the graph of amplitude vs. frequency for each damping conditions.. 5.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Forcing frequency (Hz)

Amplitude (mm)

ExcerciseQ.1 What is damping? Explain with the diagram? Q.2 Explain various type of damping which are used in vibration system ? Q.3 What is lograthimic decrement? Q.4 Explain overdamping , under damping & critical damping? Q.5 A gun barrel weighing 5430N has a recoil spring of stiffness 292KN/m .the barrel Recoils 1.22 On firing. Determine:- (a) the initial recoil velocity of the barrel (b)The critical damping coefficient Of a dash pot which is engaged at the end of the

EXPERIMENT NO. 11
1.

AIM:
To study the forced vibration of the beam for different damping.

2.

DESCRIPTION:
In this experiment, a slightly heavy rectangular section bar than used in Expt. No. 10 is supported at both ends in trunion fittings. Exciter unit with the weight platform can be clamped at any conventional position along the beam. Exciter unit is connected to the damper, which provides the necessary damping.

3.

DAMPING ARRANGEMENT:
1.Close the one hole of damper for light damping. 2.Close the two holes of damper for medium damping. 3.Close all the three holes of damper for heavy damping.

4.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
1.Arrange the set-up as shown in fig. 11. 2.Connect the exciter Motor to control panel. 3.Start the Motor and allow the system to vibrate. 4.Wait for 5 minutes for amplitude to build up for particular forcing frequency. 5.Adjust the position of strip chart recorder. Take the recorder of amplitude vs. time 6.Take record by changing forcing frequency for each damping. 7.Repeat the experiment for different damping. 8.Plot the graph of amplitude vs. frequency for each damping.

5.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Forcing frequency

Amplitude

6.

PRECAUTIONS & MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Do not run the motor at low voltage i.e. less than 180 volts. Do not increase the speed at once. Damper is always in perpendicular direction. A motor bolts is properly tightly with weight. A beam is proper tight in bearing with bolt. Always keep the apparatus free from dust.

7.

TROUBLE SHOOTING:
1. 2. 3. The main light is not ON check the main switch. The motor is not working check the rotary switch. The sensor is not working check the sensor socket.

ExerciseQ.1 What is forced vibrations?give an example? Q.2 Explain whirling motion of shaft? Also explain the critical speed of the shaft? Q.3 Explain the principle and working of vibration measuring instrument. Name commonly used vibration measuring instrument. Q.4 Explain the concept of torsion ally equivalent shaft?

Q.5 How natural frequency of torsion vibration of two rotor system is determined?