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TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................2
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students both in their classes, as well as in their everyday life. So, it is
important now to point out the problems existing in the present reading
leearning and provide some proposals for how to teach reading efficiently.
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Reading is very important to our studying English, especially reading
speed, skills, factors and steps. So we should master some good reading
skills to improve our English levels.
TheQualitative approche :
Qualitative research seeks out the ‘why’, not the ‘how’ of its topic through
the analysis of unstructured information – things like interview transcripts
and recordings, emails, notes, feedback forms, photos and videos.
I investigated Extensively many of books , journals and webessites and
I relied on the these materials for gathering information.So, the the most
parts of the research will involve theoretical basis such as objectives of
teaching reading , approaches to teaching reading ,and some of reading
techniques .and stratigies for developing yor rading skills .
A five-point scale questionnaire was designed for the purpose of the study
where students were presented with stated reading difficulties
e.g. unknown words ) and asked to grade their difficulty according to the)
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agreement scale ( strongly agree – strongly disagree ).The questionnaire
was written in Arabic and distributed to 20 students of the same
specialization ( English specialists ). Eighteen response were collected .
This questionnaire was designed to yield data that would contribute to our
understanding of the nature of the problems that students encounter in
. reading class
By the way of reading ,a learner can master these high-tech and cultural
knowledge concerning English -speaking countries. As reading is the only
time-saved way to absorb foreign advanced technology, by reading, we can
learn more and make cont ributions to the construction of our motherland
.In that case, reading becomes necessary and urgentbecause Reading can
help absorb all kinds of information.
Reading English books, magazines etc can improve reading ability step by
step, speeding up cultivating and forming good reading habits. So. Reading
can help us develop our interest.
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Students should therefore be trained to be flexible in reading by using
different kinds of exercises , i.e. to obtain specific information
( scanning ), to obtain the general idea (skimming ) , to obtain
comprehensive understanding of reading ( through comprehension ) or to
evaluate information (critical reading ) . Students should be aware of these
ways of reading as aims so that they can determine proper strategies in
reading .( Hasan, 1993).
Passages which contain syntactic structure and lexical items beyond the
learners' competence are not easy to comprehend .The procedure to follow
this case is to provide a list of the problematic words and phrases and their
meanings before learners are given the opportunity to read the passage
. " .These called "primary glossaries
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These are the two main skills needed in
developing your effectiveness as a reader.
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to four times faster than normal reading. People often skim when they have
lots of material to read in a limited amount of time. Use skimming when
you want to see if an article may be of interest in your research.
There are many strategies that can be used when skimming. Some people
read the first and last paragraphs using headings, summarizes and other
organizers as they move down the page or screen. You might read the title,
subtitles, subheading, and illustrations. Consider reading the first sentence
of each paragraph. ( http://42explore.com)
I believe effective reading depends upon difficult level of the text, the
unknown words in the text and background knowledge of the reader. It all
contributes to the reading successfully getting the message of the writer. I
have tried to make a point that difficult level in a reading text should be
according to the level of the reader.
I have tried to focus on all those factors which make reading uneasy /or
difficult for the learners. A list of such factors is given as under:
a. Vocabulary.
b. Structure of sentences.
c. Background knowledge of the students.
A. Vocabulary:
B. Structure of Sentences:
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During my investigation of questionnaire , I also found that in addition to
difficult Vocabulary items, the complex sentence structure also create a
problem for the proper understanding of the text. Consequently, a large
number of students do not benefit much from such texts which contain
difficult sentence structure.
C. Background Knowledge:
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6 Unknown words
5 Background Knowledge
4 Organizational Structure
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0
Reading Difficulties
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Language instructors are often frustrated by the fact that students do not
automatically transfer the strategies they use when reading in their native
language to reading in a language they are learning. Instead, they seem to
think reading means starting at the beginning and going word by word,
stopping to look up every unknown vocabulary item, until they reach the
end. When they do this, students are relying exclusively on their linguistic
knowledge. One of the most important functions of the language instructor
is to help students move past this idea .
Effective language instructors show students how they can adjust their
reading behavior to deal with a variety of situations, and reading purposes.
They help students develop a set of reading strategies and match
appropriate strategies to each reading situation.
" Strategies that can help students read more quickly and effectively
include :
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using knowledge of the text type and purpose to make predictions
about discourse structure.
• Guessing from context: using prior knowledge of the subject and the
ideas in the text as clues to the meanings of unknown words, instead
of stopping to look them up
• Paraphrasing: stopping at the end of a section to check
comprehension by restating the information and ideas in the text
(http://www.nclrc.org)
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contribute to that knowledge. Good teaching enables
students to learn to read and read to learn.
• By encouraging students to talk about what strategies they think
will help them approach a reading assignment, and then talking after
reading about what strategies they actually used. This helps students
develop flexibility in their choice of strategies.
When language learners use reading strategies, they find that they can
control the reading experience, and they gain confidence in their ability to
read the language.
Books
Abdul Halim Ibrahim, (2006) The Process and Problems of Reading. Masalah
Pendidikan .
Davis Cole, Ardith, (2004) When Reading Begins: The Teacher’s Role in Decoding,
Comprehension, and Fluency. Portsmouth: Heinemann.
Penny Ur. , (1996) A course Language Teaching Practice and Theory . Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press .
Journals
Cubukcu, Feryal, (2007) An Investigation of Reading Strategies Employed by
Trainee Teachers. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 7 (2).
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Johnsen, L. “Problem-Guided Reading for College ” Journal of Reading April
(1984): 602-6
Websites
http://www.nclrc.org/essentials/reading/stratread.htm
http://42explore.com/skim.htm
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