Books on the Net: A Publishers View David J. A.

Clines University of Sheffield and Sheffield Academic Press Note: This paper arose from the AAR/ASOR/SBL session Constructs of the Social and Cultural Worlds of Antiquity, November 24, 1996, New Orleans, the theme being Inventing the Past: Constructing a Digital Past. I was asked to be a resource person. When I came home I wrote up some of the ideas that participating in this event had given me. Here they are. We are hearing a lot these days about electronic publishing, and I am responding especially in this piece to the idea of publishing on the Web. I think that there is still a lot of room for CDpublishing, especially of reference works and sets of already published books, but my interest here is rather more on first-time publishing on the Web. The attraction of publishing on the Web is its immediacy, both in time and space. It is immediate publication in time because what I put on the web this morning is readable instantly by anyone; it is immediate spatially in that there are no barriers, beyond access to the Web itself, between me as the author and my readers. I myself find the possibility of publishing on the Web immensely attractive, and fluctuate all the time between thinking it is the way I must go, as a scholar and an author, and between thinking that its drawbacks at present make it a mistake. As an author, I should confess that I shall use the Web however it benefits me, and I shall, like most of my colleagues, take a pretty short-term view of the effects of publication via this medium. But as a publisher, I have some other views, rather longer-term in nature, and I feel that it is my responsibility, as it is the responsibility of relatively few others, to lay them before authors and scholars. 1. Publishers Publishing on the Net I need to distinguish first between publishers publishing on the Net and individuals publishing their own works on the Net. I have been hearing of the plans of Scholars Press to publish Semeia and the Journal of Biblical Literature on the Net. I welcome this in my personal capacity as a scholar, who can never have enough instant access to what may be significant for my own research, but on the whole I do not feel very happy about this move. My misgivings arise from the expectations that such publication will inevitably give rise to. Above all, the publication of scholarly articles will be perceived as free, and the question will necessarily be raised why other publishers cannot give the same free access to materials. There are some ugly rumours around, it needs to be said, about avaricious publishers who are ripping off scholars (and have been doing so for centuries), and not many tears will be shed in some quarters over a new technology that appears to give publishers their long-deserved comeuppance. The truth about the publication of JBL and Semeia articles on the Net is that they are not free, and that we have already paid for them in our subscription dollars. If we have, I can see that we could argue that we already have a kind of moral right to them; and I shall certainly be taking that position myself when it comes to my use of JBL on the Net. But as a publisher, I shall be making loud and clear my position that SBL can be said to be setting a bad example. What scholars generally do not recognize is that the process of publishing is an enhancement of their own scholarly work. It is not a necessary evil, in which scholars become hostage to commercial interests at conflict with their own. It is high time, I believe, to review and to analyse the added value given to the scholarly product by the process of publishing, and that is the purpose of this piece.

2. The Costs of a Research Article Here are some figures. They are not very scientific, but on the other hand, I dont know of anyone who has tried to estimate these elements before, so I claim some sort of truth for them. Lets talk about the value of a scholarly article. 1. Authoring. I reckon (from my own experience) that it typically takes 100 hours to write a scholarly article of 8000 words (20 printed pages). If I reckon a typical scholars time at $60 per hour, that means a cost of $6000 for the article. How do I get $60 per hour? I start with an average salary of $45,000. and reckon the overhead costs to the institution (as they are to mine) of 100% of the cost of salaries. That is, it costs as much to maintain the plant, pay the janitors and administrators, and to fund the library-in short, to keep the institution running as a place where academic research can be done-, as it does to pay the academic staff. And I reckon an academic owes their institution a 35-hour week 42 weeks a year, which makes 1470 productive hours a year; lets say, 1500 hours per year for the ease of calculation. So, if it costs $90,000 p.a. to employ an academic (salary plus overheads), and it takes the academic 100 hours to write a publishable scholarly paper, it costs 90,000 * 100/1500 (= $6,000) for the paper. Now, most academics work more than 35 hours a week, In Britain, the average (as reckoned by the Association of University Teachers, our trade union, is 53 hours per week). If we take that as the baseline, the cost of an article is rather less, at 90,000 * 100/(42*53) (= $4043). Or if our academic is working 70 hours a week, which seems to be more and more the case, then the cost of an article is more like $3000. And then again, some scholars take a lot less than 100 hours to write a scholarly paper (or so it seems to me!). A workaholic author who works 70 hours a week and writes 400 words an hour may produce a paper for as little as $1200. But on the whole, I would say that what an academic paper costs in the authors time is somewhere between $3000 and $6000. No one knows for sure and to be precise, since every paper is different from every other paper. But I have timed my own paper writing activities, and that is my best estimate. It is better than no estimate at all, which is what academics, who care so desperately about facts, have (surprisingly) on the whole been content to have. 2. Publishing. Now, what does the publishing process add by way of value to the authors paper? I talk only of dollar value, since I know of no way of quantifying the process otherwise. But I am not ashamed of doing so, since it is no more than a measure of the time of scholars and other professionals engaged in the process of publishing academic research, and I dont think there is anything particularly gross in so doing (though, as far as I am aware, no one has previously had the nerve to do so). What then does the publishing process add by way of value (I am still talking of dollar value)? First comes the editorial value. Suppose we are talking about a paper that is being submitted to a scholarly journal. What costs are involved? I take the case of a scholarly journal that publishes 500 pages a year (like the Journal for the Study of the Old Testament or Biblical Interpretation, which are those closest to my own experience). They typically publish 25 articles a year of 20page papers. I reckon it costs 300 hours per year to evaluate manuscripts and do the initial editing of the accepted manuscripts. I am counting all the time it takes to select those 25 manuscripts and edit the selected 25 to the standards of the general editor. For every one of the manuscripts selected there will be one or two or three that are reviewed by the editorial board but not selected, but I am charging the cost of their review to those that are finally selected; for who else is going to pay for the review process than the articles that make it through to selection? The cost of review and selection of all the articles submitted is not unreasonably (I think) a cost to those articles that are selected. So, what is the cost? Editors and reviewers of manuscripts tend to be more senior scholars than the average author of a scholarly article, so I will charge their time at $100 an hour rather than the $60 an hour I costed for the authors of articles (that is, I am reckoning that they are costing

their institutions $75,000 to employ, which means that they have salaries like $60,000 or 40,000). And I reckon that general editor and reviewers together will spend 300 hours a year reviewing and editing manuscripts, perhaps 50 or 100 manuscripts, which not only need to be read, but also to be evaluated and written about, and also to be administered, and recorded, and replied to, usually by those very editors who are costing the process $100 an hour. 300 hours a year at $100 per hour is $30,000-just for the editing process, which is $1200 per article accepted. We must range this figure against the $3000 to $6000 it costs for the authoring of the article. There is a further cost. It is the publishers cost for copy-editing the articles, typesetting them, printing them, selling and distributing the journals. The printing and manufacturing cost is not the major element in the publishers cost. That cost is of course the cost that can be eliminated (or rather, greatly reduced) by the production of electronic books and journals, but, as I say, it is not the most important cost. For it is $300 or $400 for the standard scholarly article of 20 pages we are considering here. That, let it be noted, is the only cost that can be attacked by electronic publication. The inescapable cost, if the traditional added value of the publishers input is to be retained, is about $40 per page, or $800 for the typical scholarly paper. That $40 per page is spent, first, on copy-editing the manuscript, checking that the sentences make sense, are written in acceptable English, have no grammatical or spelling errors, and that the format of citations and footnotes and bibliographic is consistent and correct. In most cases, the copy editor will have to correspond with the author, and will certainly read proofs of the article, send corrected proofs to the author, check that the proof corrections returned from the author still correspond with housestyle, and check that the typesetter has made the corrections correctly. The other major element in the publishers $40 per page cost is the cost of marketing. This will include the cost of preparing and distributing catalogues, of taking advertising space, of putting on shows at scholarly conventions. It will also be the cost of selling, that is, of receiving orders, preparing and sending invoices, receiving and registering payments, sending out reminders. Now, none of these $40 per page costs can be escaped from by electronic publication-not if the standards of present-day publication are to be maintained, and not if the publication itself is to be sold rather than languish as a pile of CDs in a warehouse or sit on someones server without being accessed. Copy-editing, printing, selling and mailing a typical scholarly article costs in all something like $1200. 3. Value added. What all this adds up to is that the value added to what I am calling a typical scholarly article by the publication process is of the order of $2400, which we should compare with the origination cost (the authors time) of $3000 to $6000 (depending on how we cost academic time). The publication process thus adds between 40% and 80% to the value of the article as it left the authors desktop printer. Anyone who has seen as many manuscripts as they left their authors hands as I have will not doubt that on the whole it is money well spent. If we want to continue to receive scholarly products of the quality we have become used to, there are no magic ways of reducing the costs, and thus the price. (As for price, incidentally, the primary determinant is, as ever, the number of copies sold. We have only to reflect on the difference in price between the daily newspaper at 50 cents and the scholarly monograph 100 times more expensive at $50-the newspaper longer and more costly to edit than the monograph-to recognize the truth of that.) 3. Personal Publishing on the Net Now, we do not always have to communicate with one another through properly reviewed and carefully prepared texts. Sometimes, by analogy, we write a formal letter and put it in the mail and sometimes we send a scrappy e-mail, and on the whole both systems serve their purpose well. Why should scholars not forego, when they choose to, the added value of the publishing process, and for the sake of the immediacy put up with the loss of value? Even if there is a loss

of accuracy in not having other eyes read over ones work, is that such a big problem? Accuracy is an important scholarly value, I agree, but it is not the only one, and it is not even the most important one (I now find myself saying). Brilliance, being right, and creativity are all more important; and even timeliness, joining a discussion at the critical moment, and aptness to the moment are above accuracy, in my opinion. If we are doing good work, it is only right that we want it out there and we want it out there now. I have come to the conclusion that we can and should do our own publishing on the Web, and that is what I am doing myself with all my own writing except when there are or seem to be copyright problems (as with a book already contracted to a publisher). Mind you, I would welcome a statement from the editors of JBL and VT as also from my favourite book publisher that I will not be prejudicing my chances of having my work accepted for formal publication if I pre-publish it on the Web, but somehow I dont think I am going to get it. But there is certainly a downside to self-publication. Here are some of the points that occur to me. 1. How does anyone find it? Myself, I am using all the time the ATLA database as my resource for finding scholarly books and articles. It is so comprehensive that I feel quite secure that if I find nothing there that touches my theme, there is nothing at all written on the topic that I need to attend to. But if people like myself are going to be putting their writing on the Web, how am I going to know where to go looking for it? I am not going to do a universal search every time I want to see what has been published on Psalm 23. 2. It is a long time before self-publication is going to be recognized for tenure. Probably never, and no doubt that is a good thing. Some filtering process is surely in the best interests of fairness, even if immediate self-publication of the latest scholarly ideas is perhaps more in the best interest of the advancement of the discipline. 3. What if the idea of the electronic book and the electronic research paper should take over? What if, indeed, future generations of researchers should count on getting all their research materials from the Web? How are they going to store the data? is what I am asking myself. For myself, when I find some electronic text that I want, my first inclination is to print it out. When I accessed the papers for the sessions of Constructs of the Social and Cultural Worlds of Antiquity on the Web, I downloaded them onto my hard disk, and then immediately printed them. On the plane, where I intended to read them, I had them on my laptop, but also in hard copy. Which version did I read? Everyone at the session when I asked that question knew my answer. What would the academic office of the future look like if it contained the printouts of a lifetimes net-working, I wondered. I have in my office in the University 450 feet of bookshelves, or 5400 inches. Each inch contains 300 pages, so I must have 1,620,000 pages. Each page has, say, 400 words or 4K, so there are 4,050,000K of data, just over 4 GB. I could get a 4 GB drive on my desk, no problem, but what would happen if I had been printing the stuff out? Printing paper is thicker than book paper, and printouts are usually on one side only. I would get only 25,000 pages of printout in a four-drawer filing cabinet, so I would need 64 filing cabinets, occupying 96 feet of wall-space. I would certainly need a larger office, but the thought of filing and retrieving those 1.6m sheets of paper fills me with terror. If books did not exist, it would be necessary to invent them.

Professor Yehoshua Gitay

Isadore and Theresa Cohen Chair of Hebrew Language and Literatures and Co-director of the Centre for Rhetoric Studies, University of Cape Town. University of Cape Town: Life Fellow (2000-) Office Address: KaplanCentre, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa

Phone: 27-21 650 2950 Fax: 27-21 650 3062 E-mail: gitay@humanities.uct.ac.za, abagitay@hotmail.com Major areas of research Biblical rhetoric and the art of argumentation, religious rhetoric, and theories of literature, as well as political South African and Israeli rhetoric. Prof. Gitay has worked intensively on the art of argumentation of the Prophetic discourse, with special attention to the book of Isaiah, as well as Amos, Jeremiah and other prophetic books. He also works on the rhetoric of the wisdom literature and topics in biblical theology and ideology. Background Post-doctorate in classical rhetoric with Professor George Kennedy of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Specialised in Biblical rhetoric, one of the founders of the field of (Hebrew) Biblical modes of argumentations. See reference for Gitays contribution to (Hebrew) biblical rhetoric see Phyllis Trible, Rhetorical Criticism, 1994. Organised international conferences on religion and rhetoric. Visiting Professorships Haifa University, Israel Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Rhodes College, Distinguished Visiting Professor of Hebrew Bible Chair of Excellence, Bornblum Judaic Studies, Memphis University Columbia University, New York The Jewish Theological Seminary of America Professional Societies National (American) Society of Biblical Literature Association for Jewish Studies International Society for the History of Rhetoric World Union of Jewish Studies Columbia University: University Seminars, Seminar on the Study of the Hebrew Bible American School of Oriental Research Modern Language Association Association for Religion and Intellectual Life Speech Communication Catholic Biblical Association South African Association for the Study of the Old Testament South African Academy of Religion Association for Rhetoric and Communication in Southern Africa South African Association for Literary Studies Israel Communication Association The American Association of Professors of Hebrew Editorial Boards Reviewer, Old Testament Abstracts The New Series on Ancient Rhetoric, Brill, Leiden The Study of the Hebrew Bible Old Testament Essays Reviewer, Annale van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch Guest Editor, The Journal of Religion: Religion and Rhetoric Executive: Scholarly Societies President, Association for Rhetoric and Communication in Southern Africa (ARCSA)

 International Society for the History of Rhetoric. SUPERVISING Current MA Theses: The Teaching of the Hebrew Bible in the multi- cultural Sphere of South Africa The Book of Haggai: Literature and Ideology Samuel: A Psyco-Historical (Erikson) Approach The Book of Qohelet: A rhetorical Analysis The Status of the Women: A Literary Comparison between the Samsons Narrative and the Book of Proverbs The Prophets and the Temple Chapters in South Africa Rhetoric: The Budget speeches: A comparative study of the Apartheid era and after Current PhD Dissertations: The Book of Ruth: The Status of the Women in the Hebrew Bible The Communicative Dimension of the Biblical Discourse Completed: Rabbi R Kadosh. MA Thesis: Jewish Theodicy: Reflections of the Holocaust and Zionism in Rabbinical Thought (2002) Johanna Weener-Hartney. PhD dissertation: The Book of Genesis and the Genesis Apocryphon:A Literary and Thematic Comparison (2000) David Cole: The Tabernacle and the Temple of Solomon: The Biblical Data. MA Thesis (2000) Z Goodman: PhD Dissertation on the Voice of the Women in Modern Hebrew Literature (1998) Rabbi E Cohen: MA Thesis: The Dialogues in the Book of Kohelet (1997) List of publications BOOKS Prophecy and Persuasion (Forum Theologiae Linguisticae 14; Bonn: Linguistica Biblica, 1981) Isaiah and His Audience (Assen: Van Gorcum, 1991) Future and Communication (Co-Editor. San Francisco: International Scholars Publications, 1997) Prophecy and Prophets (Editor. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997) Literary Responses to the Holocaust 1945-1995 (Editor. San Francisco: International Scholars Publications, 1998) Religion Rhetoric and Politics (ed.) Journal for the Study of Religion. Vol. 14/1. 2001. Religion and Rhetoric (Ed.) Journal for the Study of Religion. Vol. 15/1. 2002. The Book of Job: An Anthology of Critical Studies (Editor. Haifa: Haifa University , 1973) The Human Search for Justice: The Case of Hebrew Literature. Inaugural Lecture, Cape Town: University of Cape Town (1994). War and Peace in Hebrew Literature: Past and Present. The Fifth Jacob Gitlin Memorial Lecture, Cape Town: Jacob Gitlin Library (1993). For Reviews of Gitays method of Rhetorical Analysis consult the following: LD Ferris, in Hebrew Studies 22 (1981) 160-161 J Clifford, in Catholic Biblical Quarterly 44(1982) 480-482 EL Greenstein, How does Parallelism Mean? A Sense of Text, Jewish Quarterly Review Su lement (1982) 41-70 DL Petersen, in Religious Studies Review 9(1983) 68-69

Vetus Testamentum 22(1983) 118 Religious Studies Review 9-1(1983) 69 SM Paul, in Hebrew Annual Review 7(1983) 203-217 RJ Clifford, Fair Spoken and Persuading: An Interpretation of Second Isaiah, New York: Paulist Press (1984) B Wilkander, Prophecy as Literature, GWK Gleerup (1984) M Brennan Dick, Prophetic Poiesis and the Verbal Icon, in The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 46 (1984) 226-246 NJ Tromp, Amos V 1-17: Towards a Stylistic and Rhetorical Analysis, Oudtestamentische Studien 23 (1984) 56-84 A Graffy, A Prophet Confronts His People, Rome: Rome Biblical Institute Press (1984) NJ Tromp, in Prophets, Worship and Theodicy, Leiden: EJ Brill (1984) WGE Watson, Classical Hebrew Poetry: A Guide to its Techniques, Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, Supplement Series 26 (1984) 82-83 A Preminger and EL Greenstein, The Hebrew Bible in Literary Criticism, New York: Ungar (1986) JH Hayes and CR Holladay, Biblical Exegesis: A Beginners Handbook, Atlanta: John Know Press (1987) The Colloquium Biblicum Lovaniense (1987) has dedicated a seminar to Gitays Prophecy and Persuasion W Magass, in Rhetorik 6(1987) 193-195 DL Petersen (Editor), Prophecy in Israel, Philadelphia: Fortress Press (1987), esp 1-21 H Bloom, The Bible (Modern Critical Views), New York: Chelsea House Publishers (1987) JH Hayes and SA Irvine, Isaiah: His Times & His Preaching, Nashville: Abingdon Press (1987) NK Gottwald, The Hebrew Bible: A Socio-Literary Introduction, Philadelphia: Fortress Press (1987) JA Soggin, The Prophet Amos: A Translation and Commentary, SCM Press Ltd (1987) MA Sweeney, Isaiah 1-4 and the Post-Exilic Understanding of the Isaiahic Tradition, New York: Walter de Gruyter (1988) JH Hayes, Amos: His Times & His Preaching, Nashville: Abingdon Press (1988) Recensiones (1988) 425-426 A Berlin, The Prophetic Literature of the Hebrew Bible, in A roaches to Teaching the Hebrew Bible as Literature in Translation, (1989) EL Greenstein (Editor), The State of Jewish Studies, Wayne State University (1990), esp 23-46 SN Rosenbaum, Amos of Israel: A New Interpretation, Peeters/Mercer Publishers (1990) SM Paul, Amos, Minneapolis: Fortress Press (1991) AH Bartelt, Style and Structure in Prophetic Rhetoric, PhD dissertation (Near Eastern Studies University of Michigan) (1991) RE Clements, Old Testament Study Booklist 1992 (Literary Criticism and Introduction) (1992) 71-72 DH Ludlow (Ed), The Encyclopaedia of Mormonism (Vol 18) Hebrew Bible Form Criticism, New York: MacMillan Publishing Company (1992) A Berlin, in Jewish Quarterly Review 82(1992) 193 DF Watson (Editor), Rhetorical Criticism of the Bible, Leiden: EJ Brill (1993) CS Shaw, The Speeches of Micah, Sheffield: JSOT Press (1993) Rhetorica 7 (1994) 125 P Trible, Rhetorical Criticism, Minneapolis: Fortress Press (1994) G Aichele (Editor), The Postmodern Bible, New Haven: Yale University (1995) 149-186 BC Jones, Howling over Moab: Irony and Rhetoric in Isaiah, SBL, Atlanta Scholars Press (1996)

S Niditch, Oral World and Written Word: Ancient Israelite Literature, Westminister John Knox Press (1996) S Weitzman, Song and Story in Biblical Narrative, Indiana University Press (1997) PL Redditt, review of Gitays Prophecy and Prophets, in Hebrew Studies 39(1998) 224-226 Old Testament Abstracts 21(1998) 157-158 The Expository Times (Book Reviews) (1998) 244-245 BA Jones, review of Gitays Prophecy and Prophets, in The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 61(1999) 194-195. GJ Polan, Literary Structure and Rhetorical Strategies in the Hebrew Bible (Book review) in The Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 61 (1999) 186-187. M Dijkstra, Lawsuit: Debate and Wisdom Discourse in Second Isaiah, in J van Ruiten and M Vervenne (eds), Studies in the Book of Isaiah: Festschrift: WAM Beuken, Leuven University Press (1997) 251-272. JR Lundbom, Jeremiah 1-20. NY: Doubleday.1999 T Renz. The Rhetorical Function of the Book of Ezekiel.Brill. 1999 S Vargon. The Historical Background and Significance of Isaiah 1:10-17 in Studies in Historical Geography and Biblical Historiography to Zkalai (M Weinfeld, ed) Vetus Testamentum Su lement 2000 . 177-194. Also see Bet Mikra 163 (2000) 280-304 (Hebrew). M L Chaney. Whose Sour Grapes? The Address of Isaiah 5:1-7 in the Light of Political Economy. Semeia 87 (1999) 105-122. S. Vargon. Prophecy of Rebuke or Consolation? Beit Mikra 167 (2001) 289-303 D B Miller. What the Preacher Forgot? CBQ 62 (2000) 215-235 S. Vargon. Prophecy of Rebuke or Consolation? Beit Mikra 167 (2001) 289-303 Y. Peleg. and if I come back in Peace to my Fathers House (Genesis 28:11). Beit Mikra 167 (2001) 335-352. Y.Neuman, Y. Lurie and M. Rosenthal. A Watermelon without Seeds: A Case Study in Rhetorical Rationality. Text 21 (2001) 543-566. Y. Blenkinsopp. Isaiah 1-39. NY: Doubleday. 2000. ARTICLES IN SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS AND CHAPTERS IN SCHOLARLY BOOKS The Art of (Hebrew) Biblical Argumentation. Journal for the Study of Religion 15/1 (2002) 81-98. The Realm of Prophetic Rhetoric. Within a Widening Gyre (S. Edelman, Ed.) Cresskill, NJ: Hampton . 2002. 37-48. The Rhetoric and Logic of Wisdom in the Book of Proverbs. In: Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages 27/2 (2001) 45-56. Religious Rhetoric: A Prolegomenon When Who and Where? In: Journal for the Study of Religion 14/1 (2001) 5-14. Religious Newspapers in Israel: A Rhetorical Perspective. In: Journal for the Study of Religion 14/1 (2001) 89-100. Marginal Remarks (Methodological Remarks on the Study of the Book of Isaiah) Beit Mikra 167 (2001) 376-380. Religious Rhetoric and Public Deliberation: Preliminary Thoughts. Public - Journal of the European Institute for Communication and Culture 8/3 (2001) 51-58. Prophetic Criticism: What are they Doing? The Case of Isaiah: A Methodological Assessment. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 96 (2001) 101-128. Review: Bible and the Ethics of Reading (Eds. DN Fewell and A Phillips). Semeia 77 (1997). Atlanta: Scholars Press, in JAOS 121 (2000) 43-45. Reflections on the Study of the Prophetic Discourse in D Orton (ed.), Prophecy in the Hebrew Bible: Selected Studies from Vetus Testamentum. Brill. 2000. . 173-187.

 Isaiah 1-39 with an Introduction to Prophetic Literature. A Review Article in Hebrew Studies 40 (1999) 315-320. The Failure of Argumentation in the Book of Job: Humanistic Language Versus Religious Language. Journal of North West Semitic Languages 25 (1999) 1-12. The Poetics of the National Disaster: The Rhetorical Presentation Lamentations. In: Literary Responses to the Holocaust, Y Gitay (Ed). San Francisco: International Scholars Publications, 1998. 1-11. Uri Zevi Greenberg: A Poem from the Forest: The Poetics of Hebrew Poetry of the Holocaust. In: Literary Responses to the Holocaust, Y Gitay (Ed). San Francisco: International Scholars Publications, 1998. 41-53. Why Metaphors? A Study of the Texture of Isaiah. In: Writing and Reading the Scroll of Isaiah, CC Broyles and CA Evans (Eds). Leiden: Brill, 1997. 57-65. Back to Historical Isaiah: Reflections on the Act of Reading. In: Studies in the Book of Isaiah, (Festschrift: WAM Beuken) J van Ruiten and M Vervenne (Eds). Leuven: University Press, 1997, 63-72. The Projection of the Prophet: A Rhetorician Presentation of the Prophet Jeremiah. In: Prophecy and Prophets, Y Gitay et al (Eds). Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997, 41-55. Judaism and Christianity: Two Distinctive Religions? Journal for Theology for Southern Africa 97(1997), 97-100. Communicating the Scientific Discourse. In: Future and Communication (Co-Ed). San Francisco: International Scholars Publications, 1997, 22-29. A Designed Anti-Rhetorical Speech: Ezra and the Question of Mixed Marriage. Journal of North West Semitic Languages 23(1997) 57-68. Why Metaphors? A Study of the Texture of Isaiah. In: Writing and Reading the Scroll of Isaiah, CC Broyles and CA Evans (Eds). Leiden: Brill, 1997, 57-65. Geography and Theology in the Biblical Narrative: The Question of Genesis 2-12. In: Prophecy and Paradigms, (Festschrift: GM Tucker) SB Reid (Ed). Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1996, 205-216. Defending Zion, by CR Mathews. Review in: Old Testament Essays 10(1997) 360-362. The Realm of Prophetic Rhetoric. In: Rhetoric, Scripture and Theology, SE Porter and TH Olbricht (Eds). Sheffield: Sheffield University Press, 1996, 218-229. The Question of (Hebrew) Bible Theology: A Prolegomenon. Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament 10(1996) 60-68. Psalm 1 and the Rhetoric of Religious Argumentation. In: Literary Structure and Rhetorical Strategies in the Hebrew Bible, LJ de Regt et al (Eds). Assen: Van Gorcum, 1996, 232-240. Isaiah, The Book of. In: Harper Collins Bible Dictionary, Revised Edition, PJ Achtemier (Ed). San Francisco: Harper, 1996, 458-464. The Dead Sea Scrolls, Vol 1, Rule of the Community, by JH Charlesworth. Review in: Old Testament Essays 9(1996) 532-534. Text and Transmission, by TH Jurgen. Review in: Old Testament Essays 9 (1996) 550-552. Proverbs, by RN Whybray. Review in: Old Testament Essays 9 (1996) 554-557. Wisdom and Revolt by LG Perdue. Review in: Jewish Quarterly Review 86 (1995) 202-204. The Individual versus the Institution: The Prophet versus His Book. In: Religion and the Reconstruction of Civil Society, JW de Gruchy (Ed.). Pretoria: University of South Africa, 1995, 279-292. Symbolism and Theology in Early Judaism, by J Neusner. Review in: Journal of Theology for Southern Africa 92(1995) 78-79. Jonahs Anti-Rhetoric. In Fortunate the Eye that Sees: Essays in Honor of David Noel Freedman, AB Beck et al (Eds). Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995, 211-221.

 WF Albright and the Question of Early Hebrew Poetry. In: History and Interpretation: Essays in Honor of John H Hayes, MP Graham (Ed). Sheffield: Sheffield university, 1993, 192-202. Rhetorical Criticism. In: To Each its Own Meaning: Introduction to Biblical Criticism and their Application, SR Haynes & SK McKenzie (Eds). Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press (1993) 135-149. Zions Final Destiny by CR Seitz. Review in: Hebrew Studies 34(1993) 193-195. Ruth: Introduction and Commentary, by Y Zakovitch. Review in: The Association for Jewish Studies Review 18(1993) 285-288. Reflections on the Poetics of the Samuel Narrative: The Question of the Ark Narrative. The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 54 (1992), 221-230. The Elusive Covenant: A Structural Semiotic Reading of Genesis, by TJP Prewitt. Review in: (American) Jewish Association Review 17(1992) 89-91. Micah and Isaiah, by G Stansell (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1988). Review in: Jewish Quarterly Review 82(1991) 215-217. The Book of J, by H Bloom (New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990). Review in: Cross-Currents 41(1991) 410-413. Rhetorical Criticism and the Prophetic Discourse. In: Persuasive Artistry, DF Watson (Ed). Sheffield: JSOT, 1991, 13-24. Religious Rhetoric: Past and Present Dialogue. Y Malkin (Ed). Jerusalem: The Israeli Institute of the Art of Speech, 1990, 16-19 (in Hebrew). Malachi: The Divine Message, by B Glazier-MacDonald. Review in: Religious Studies Review 16(1990) p 257. Crofts on the Individual in the Psalms, Jewish Quarterly Review 80(1989) 146-47. Oratorical Rhetoric: The Question of Prophetic Language. In: Amsterdamse Cahiers, KA Deurloo etal (Ed). Uitgeversmaatscha ij, JH Kokkampen (1989) 72-83. The Syro-Ephraimite War and the Prophetic Reaction: A Rhetorical Reading. In: The Book of Isaiah, J Vermeylen (Ed). Leuven: University press (1989) 217-230. Untersuchungen zur Allegorischen Rede der Propheten Amos und Jesaja, by AJ Bojorndalen. Review in: Religious Studies Review 15(1989) p 257. The Book of Isaiah: The Status of Research. Biblical Review 4, 6(1988) 10-15. The Place and Function of the Son of the Vineyard in Isaiahs Prophecy. The Bible (Modern Critical Reviews), H Bloom (Ed). New York: Chelsea House Publishers (1987) 195-203. Isaiah. In: Encyclopedia of Religion, 16 Volumes, M Eliade (Ed). Macmillan (1987) Vol 7, 289-295. Micah. Encyclopedia of Religion, 16 Volumes, M Eliade (Ed). Macmillan (1987) Vol 9, 496498. Amos. Encyclopedia of Religion, 16 Volumes, M Eliade (Ed). Macmillan (1987) Vol 1, 240243. Hosea. Encyclopedia of Religion, 16 Volumes, M Eliade (Ed). Macmillan (1987) Vol 6, 468470. The Formation of Isaiah, by RF Melugin. Review in: The Jewish Quarterly Review 77(1986/7) 218-219. Structure and Content in the Psalms, by J Bazak. Review in: Journal of Biblical Literature 105(1986) 709-710. The First Book of Samuel: A Literary Study, by M Garsiel. Review in: Journal of Biblical Literature 105(1986) 137-138. Isaiah: The Book and the Prophet. In: Harper Bible Dictionary (New Edition) (1985) 426432 (plus various other articles). Yehuda Messer Leon: Nofet Zufim (1475): A Review Article on the History of Hebrew Writing on Rhetoric. The Quarterly Journal of Speech 71, 3(1985) 379-383.

 The Effectiveness of Isaiahs Speech. The Jewish Quarterly Review 75(1984) 162-172. The Patriarchs in Hebron and Sodom (Genesis 18-19), by T Rudin-Obransky. Review in: Journal of Biblical Literature 103(1984) 639-640. Traditional Saying in the Old Testament, by CR Fountaine. Review in: Journal of Biblical Literature 103(1984) 438-439. The Idea of Biblical Poetry, by JL Kugel. Review in: Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies 9(1984) 113-116. Isaiah and His Audience. Prooftexts 3(1983) 223-230. Reflections on the Study of the Prophetic Discourse. Vetus Testamentum 33 (1983) 207-221. The Book of Balaam: A Study in Methods of Criticism and the History of Biblical Literature and Religion, (Hebrew) by A Rofe. Review in: Journal of Biblical Literature 100(1981) 471472. The Book of Job, by R Gordis. Review in: Journal of the American Oriental Society 101(1981) 248-250. A Study of Amoss Art of Speech: A Rhetorical Analysis of Amos 3:1-15. The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 42(1980) 293-309. Deutero-Isaiah: Oral or Written? Journal of Biblical Literature 99(1980) 185-197. Tradition and Interpretation, by I Ljung. Review in: Journal of Biblical Literature 99(1980) 604-605. Absalom Absalom! Narrative and Language in 2 Sam 13-20, by CH Conroy. Review in: The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 42(1980) 93-94. The Meaning of Hesed in the Hebrew Bible, by KD Sakenfeld. Review in Journal of Biblical Literature 98(1979) 583-594. I, He, We, They, A Literary A roach to Isaiah 53, by DJA Clines. Review in Religious Studies Review 4, 1(1978) p 55. The Drunkenness of Noah, by HH Cohen. Review in: Religious Studies Review 3, 1(1977) p 52. The Inscriptions of Arad, by Y Aharoni. Review in: Religious Studies Review 2, 3(1977) p 52. Biblical Sabbath. Beth Mikra 45(1971) 171-178 (Hebrew). The Earth is Given into the Hand of the Wicked (Job 9:24). Hachinuch 3-4(1970) 260-264 (Hebrew). FURTHER PUBLISHED MATERIAL On Two Prophetic Readings. Rosh Hashana Annual. Cape Town 2000. . 21-23. Israel Insight. Cape Jewish Chronicle, 16 (No.4), May (1999) The Existence of the Bad in Gods Creation. Rosh Hashanah Annual, Cape Town: Temple Israel (1998) 27-30. A Perspective on Israel The Separation Between Religion and State. Cape Jewish Chronicle, September (1998). Righteousness and Belief in Biblical Thought. Rosh Hashanah Annual, Cape Town: Temple Israel (1997) 57-59. Scientific Communication. Cathedron 7(1996) 13-17. The Sacrifice: Genesis 22. Rosh Hashanah Annual, Cape Town: Temple Israel (1995) 37-41. Moses: The Essence of Leadership. Rosh Hashanah Annual, Cape Town: Temple Israel (1994) 17-20. Not Just a Language: Barkai and the Question of Hebrew. Jewish Affairs 49/No.2(1994) 6163. The Treasures of Jewish Folklore, by Micha Joseph bin Gurion, Reviewed in Jewish Affairs 49/No 1 (1994) p 71. Who is Afraid of Tradition? The Hebrew Watchman 68/No.47, August (1990). Jerusalem The Naval of the Earth. The Hebrew Watchman 68/No.16 (1990).

 The Conflict Between the Historical A roach and Orthodoxy. Igeret, September (1985) 28(Hebrew). Sorry, But Still We Are Not One. Dialogue 4(1977) 5-6. The Stories and Poems of Esther Rab. Hanakkor 4(1977) 5-6. From a Journal of a Biblical Teacher. Maalot 7(1968) 32-33 (Hebrew). The Documents of the Macabean Revolt, by M Stern. Reviewed in Hachinuch 39(1967) 105(Hebrew). Translation: Yehudah Vehagalut Judah and the Exile, by B Oded. In: Israelite and Judaean History, JH Hayes & JM Miller (Editors). Philadelphia: Westminster Press (1977) 435-488.

J. Kenneth Kuntz
Business Address: Department of Religious Studies 313 Gilmore Hall University of Iowa Iowa City , IA 52242 Phone: 319-335-2169 E-mail: ken-kuntz@uiowa.edu EDUCATION Union Theological Seminary (NYC), Old Testament, Ph.D. 1963 Yale University Divinity School, Biblical Studies, B.D. 1959 Grinnell College, English (honors), B.A. 1956 ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Assistant Professor, School of Religion (now Department of Religious Studies), The University of Iowa, 1967-70; Associate Professor, 1970-76; Professor, 1976-present. Instructor of Biblical History, Literature, & Interpretation, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, 1963-65; Assistant Professor, 1965-67. Tutor in Old Testament, Union Theological Seminary, 1961-63. AWARDS AND HONORS Grant from the School of Religion, University of Iowa, supporting participation in archaeological excavations at Tell Gezer, Israel (sponsored by Hebrew Union College and the Semitic Museum of Harvard University), summer, 1968. Old Gold Summer Faculty Research Fellowship, The University of Iowa, 1970. National Endowment for the Humanities, summer stipends, 1971 and 1984. Dozentenstipendium from the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, Bad Godesberg, Bonn, Germany, for study at the Ruprecht-Karl-Universitt, Heidelberg, Oct. 1971 through July 1972. Extensions at same university, June-Aug. 1973, June-Aug. 1979. Improvement of Instruction Award, The University of Iowa, summer, 1977, to design a new course, 32:107, Uses of the Old Testament in Verse and Drama. Faculty Development Assignments, The University of Iowa, fall semester, 1979; spring semester, 1985; spring semester, 1992; fall semester, 1997. Visiting Fellow, Clare Hall, Cambridge, England, Jan.-July 1992, May-Dec. 1997, Jan.July 2003, and Visiting Scholar in Faculty of Oriental Studies for the same periods; elected to Life Membership in Clare Hall, Sept. 1992. University House Fellow (Mellon Foundation support), University of Iowa, summer, 1982. National co-winner of the Distinguished Independent Study Course Award, Apr. 1980, National University Extension Association, Division of Independent Study, for University of Iowa correspondence course, 32:105, The World of the Old Testament.

Honorary member, Delta Alpha (UI) Chapter of Alpha Sigma Lambda, national honorary society for students in continuing higher education, Oct. 1986. AFFILIATIONS American Association of University Professors American Schools of Oriental Research The Catholic Biblical Association The Chicago Society of Biblical Research The Society for Old Testament Study (Great Britain) Society of Biblical Literature SERVICE University of Iowa committees Undergraduate Committee, School of Religion, 1972-77 (chair, 1973-77), 1987-88. Phi Beta Kappa, chair of eligibility committee, 1974-77; vice-president of UI chapter, 1977- 78; president 1978-79. American Association of University Professors, treasurer of UI chapter, 1974-82. Judicial Commission, 1976-79, 1988-91. Graduate Committee, School of Religion, 1977-83 (chair, 1980-83); 1988- (chair, 1988-91). Director of Graduate Studies, 1995-2002; varied duties include representing the Dept. of Religious Studies at national meetings of the Council on Graduate Studies in Religion. Committee on Non-traditional Programs, School of Religion, 1979-82. New Testament Search Committee, School of Religion, 1968-69 (chair), 1979-80, 1988-89, 1999-2000 (chair). The University of Iowa Lectures Committee, 1980-83. Language Media Center Review Committee, 1981-82. Lectures Committee, School of Religion, 1983-87 (chair). Admissions Committee, College of Liberal Arts, 1985-88. Study Abroad Committee, 1985-88 (chair, 1987-88). Scholarship Committee, Center for Credit Programs, 1986-91. Member of Faculty Senate, 1989-92. Division for Continuing Education Review Committee, 1993-94. Vice-President for Research Advisory Committee in the Arts and Humanities, 1993-95. Faculty Assembly, College of Liberal Arts, 1994-96 (sect. 1994), 1999-2002 (sect. 2000). Hancher Auditorium Review Committee, 1999-2000. Positions in national organizations Secretary-treasurer of Council on Graduate Studies in Religion, 1982-90. Liaison Committee, Council of Societies for the Study of Religion, 1982-90. Network reviewer in area of Israelite Cult, Worship, Psalms, for Religious Studies Review published by the Council of Societies for the Study of Religion, 1984-. Member of the Steering Committee of the Book of Psalms Group in the Society of Biblical Literature, 1988-97. Chair, Biblical Hebrew Poetry Section in the Society of Biblical Literature, 1988-94; steering committee 1995-97. Other areas of professional service Council on Religion Studies in Iowa Schools, 1978-89 (secretary-treasurer, 1979-89). University of Iowa delegate to 32d Triennial Council meeting of the United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa, New Orleans, Oct. 1979. Responsible for informal departmental seminar certifying competency of Ph.D. candidates in meeting German reading requirement, 1981-91.

Contributor of 11 color slides taken in Israel used as photographs in Hasrpers Bible Dictionary, published by the Society of Biblical Literature and Harper & Row, 1985. Interviewer for American Friends of the Hebrew University, assisting in selection of undergraduates for the Rothberg School for overseas students linked with the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1983-. Consultant for Books for College Libraries, 3d ed., 1988, a project of Choice magazine and the Association of College and Research Libraries; engaged in selection of best books in areas of Bible (general) and Old Testament. Member of Associated Faculty, Staff, and Student Programs, Currier/Stanley, 1986-89. Peer reviewer for NEH applications in Religious Studies, 1999-. Wabash Center Conference (Indianapolis) on the Preparation of Graduate Students as Teachers in Religious Studies, Nov. 1999. College-, university-, and seminary-based invited lectures Jewish-Gentile Relations: Light from the Short Stories of the Hebrew Bible, Grinnell College (Roberts Lecture), 12 Nov. 1975. The Bible and Womens Liberation: Vital Dialogue for Our Times, Ouachita Baptist University, Arkadelphia, AR, 31 Jan 1976. Archaeology in the Service of Biblical Studies, Coe College, 17 Sept. 1981. King Triumphant: A Rhetorical Study of Psalm 20 and 21, Yale University Divinity School, 14 Feb. 1984. Religion, Language, and Women: Pressing Issues in Biblical Scholarship, Coe College, 4 Mar. 1986. Female Objects and Subjects: Women in the Life of King David, Southwest Missouri State University , 24 Oct. 1991. Women in the Davidic Narrative, Conception Seminary College, Conception, MO (Patrick Cummins Lecture), 19 Feb. 1996. Contemplating the Intersection: Ancient Wisdom and Approaching Ventures, University of Iowa, keynote address, Phi Beta Kappa Initiation, Alpha of Iowa Chapter, Apr. 2000. PUBLICATIONS Books The Self-revelation of God (An investigation of selected theophanies in the Hebrew Bible). Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1967. The People of Ancient Israel: An Introduction to Old Testament Literature, History, and Thought. New York: Harper & Row, 1974. Correspondence Study Guides published by The University of Iowa Bureau of Correspondence Study, Division of Continuing Education: The World of the Old Testament (32:105): Jan. 1968 (revised May 1974; June 1979; Sept. 1981; Aug. 1988); The World of the New Testament (32:122): Sept. 1968 (revised June 1979; Oct. 1996; Feb. 2000). Religion and Women: Images of Women in the Bible (32/131:111): Jan. 1978 (revised Oct. 1984; Aug. 1995). Biblical Archaeology (32:103): Mar. 1982 (revised Dec. 1991). Prophecy in Biblical Israel (32:108): Nov. 1991. Articles The Canonical Wisdom Psalms of Ancient Israel--Their Rhetorical, Thematic, and Formal Dimensions, in: Rhetorical Criticism: Essays in Honor of James Muilenburg, ed. by Jared J. Jackson and Martin Kessler, Pittsburgh Theological Monograph Series, No. 1, Pittsburgh: The Pickwick Press, 1974, pp. 286-222. The Retribution Motif in Psalmic Wisdom, Zeitschruft fr doe alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, 89 (1977), pp. 223-233. Supplication and Reflection in Times of Trouble,: A Form-critical Investigation of Psalms 9-

10, Society of Biblical Literature 1975 Seminar Papers, 111th Annual Meeting, vol. 1, pp 107140. [Current Issues in Interpreting the Hebrew Psalms, 64-pg. multilithed paper distributed prior to the 8 March 1980 meeting of the Iowa Theological Conference, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls.] The Contribution of Rhetorical Criticism to Understanding Isaiah 51:1-16, in: Art and Meaning: Rhetoric in Biblical Literature, ed. by David J. A. Clines and David M. Gunn, Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series, 19 (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1982), pp. 140-171. Psalm 18: A Rhetorical-Critical Analysis, Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, 26 (1983), pp. 3-31. Reprinted in Beyond Form Criticism: Essays in Old Testament Literary Criticism, ed. by Paul R. House, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1992, pp. 70-97. [How Does Feminist Theology Inform Biblical Interpretation? 78-pg. multilithed paper distributed prior to meeting of the Iowa Academy of Religion, 8 March 1986, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls.] Genesis and Power: An Analysis of the Biblical Story of Creation, with Michael C. McGee and Allen Scult, Quarterly Journal of Speech, 72 (1986), pp. 113-131. Reprinted as ch. 7, Genesis and Power, in Dale Patrick and Allen Scult, Rhetoric and Biblical Interpretation, Bible and Literature Series, 26 (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1990), pp. 103-125. King Triumphant: A Rhetorical Study of Psalms 20 and 21, Hebrew Annual Review, 10 (1986), pp. 157-176. How Does the Bible Present Women? A Crucial Dimension in Investigating the Bible as Literature, Religion and Public Education, Journal of the National Council on Religion and Public Education, 14 (1987), pp. 257-263. Recent Perspectives on Biblical Poetry, Religious Studies Review, 19 (1993), pp. 321- 327. The Bible and Related Literature, a bibliographical essay in: The Readers Adviser, 14th ed., vol. 4, The Best in Philosophy and Religion, ed. by Robert S. Ellwood (New York and London: R. R. Bowker Co., 1994), pp. 792-838. Engaging the Psalms: Gains and Trends in Recent Research, Currents in Research: Biblical Studies, 2 (1994), Sheffield Academic Press, pp. 77-106. The Form, Location, and Function of Rhetorical Questions in Deutero-Isaiah, in: Writing and Reading the Scroll of Isaiah: Studies in an Interpretive Tradition, ed. by Craig C. Broyles and Craig A. Evans; Vetus Testamentum Supplement, 70, Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1997, pp. 121-141. Biblical Hebrew Poetry in Recent Research (I), Currents in Research: Biblical Studies, 6 (1998), Sheffield Academic Press, pp. 31-64. Contextualizing the Text: Assessing a Social-Scientific Approach to Understanding the Hebrew Bible, Proceedings of the Central States, Society of Biblical Literature and American Schools of Oriental Research, 1 (1998), pp. 14-20. Grounds for Praise: The Nature and Function of the Motive Clause in the Hymns of the Hebrew Psalter, in: Worship and the Hebrew Bible: Essays in Honour of John T. Willis, ed. by M. Patrick Graham, Rick R. Marrs, and Steven L. McKenzie; Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series, 284, Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1999, pp. 148-183. After the Crisis: Engaging Walter Brueggemanns Theology of the Old Testament, Proceedings of the Central States, Society of Biblical Literature and American Schools of Oriental Research, 2 (1999), pp. 17-27. Biblical Hebrew Poetry in Recent Research (II), Currents in Research: Biblical Studies, 7 (1999), Sheffield Academic Press, pp. 35-79. Wisdom Psalms and the Shaping of the Hebrew Psalter, in: For a Later Generation: The Transformation of Tradition in Israel, Early Judaism and Early Christianity (Festschrift for

George W. E. Nickelsburg), ed. by Randal A. Argall, Beverly A. Bow, and Rodney A. Werline. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 2000, pp. 144-160. In Sheol Who can Give You Praise?: Death and Immortality in the Hebrew Psalter, Proceedings of the Central States, Society of Biblical Literature and American Schools of Oriental Research, 3 (2000), pp. 71-85. And They Let You Do That?: Teaching the Bible at a Public State University, Perspectives in Religious Studies, 27 (2000), pp. 383-397. Sighting the Stern: The Impact of Chs. 30-31 on the Book of Proverbs as a Canonical Whole, Proceedings of the Central States, Society of Biblical Literature and American Schools of Oriental Research, 4 (2001), pp. 121-141. Been There, Done That--Whats Next?: The Odyssey of a Biblical Scholar, Proceedings of the Central States, Society of Biblical Literature and American Schools of Oriental Research, 5 (2002), pp. 5-18. Does Qoheleths Image of A Chasing After Wind Apply to Wisdom Psalms Scholarship? Proceedings of the Central States, Society of Biblical Literature and American Schools of Oriental Research, 5 (2002), pp. 87-102. In press: Hendiadys as an Agent of Rhetorical Enrichment in Biblical Poetry with Special Reference to Prophetic Discourse, invited article for a Festschrift that will honor an outstanding senior biblical scholar (editors are J. Harold Ellens, Dept. of Near Eastern Studies, University of Michigan, and Rolf P. Knierim, Emeritus, Claremont Graduate University), anticipated publication in summer 2003. In press: Reclaiming Biblical Wisdom Psalms: A Response to Crenshaw, Currents in Biblical Research, anticipated publication in spring 2003. Minor published articles 143 assigned entries (total of ca. 57,300 words) in William H. Gentz (gen. ed.), The Dictionary of Bible and Religion (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1986). Articles exceeding 1,000 words include: Abraham, Assyria and Babylonia, David, Deuteronomy, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Exodus, Genesis, Hezekiah, Israel: Social and Economic History, Sacrificial Offerings, Saul, Solomon. Five articles in David Noel Freedman (editor-in-chief), The Anchor Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), Hoshea, vol. 3, pp. 298f.; Jehoshaphat, vol. 3, pp. 666- 668; Jotham, vol. 3, pp. 1021f.; Kenaz, vol. 4, p. 17; Uzziah, vol. 6, pp. 777- 779. Book reviews Artur Weiser, The Old Testament: Its Formation and Development, in: Union Seminary Quarterly Review, 17 (1961-62), 246-249. Murray L. Newman, Jr., The People of the Covenant: A Study of Israel from Moses to the Monarchy, in: Union Seminary Quarterly Review, 18 (1962-63), 166-168. Brevard S. Childs, Memory and Tradition in Israel, Studies in Biblical Theology, no. 37, in: Union Seminary Quarterly Review, 19 (1963-64), 50-53. Eric C. Rust, Salvation History: A Biblical Interpretation, in: Union Seminary Quarterly Review, 19 (1963-64), 157-159. John M. Holt, The Patriarchs of Israel, in: Journal of Bible and Religion, 32 (1964), 369- 370. Emil G. Kraeling, Commentary on the Prophets, 2 vols., in: Journal of Biblical Literature, 85 (1966), 396. Helmer Ringgren, Israelite Religion, in: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 6 (1967), 124-125. Martin Noth, The Old Testament World, in: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 6 (1967), 125-126. Gurdon G. Oxtoby, Prediction and Fulfillment in the Bible, in: Interpretation, 21 (1967), 493494.

Norman K. Gottwald, The Church Unbound: A Human Church in a Human World, in: Interpretation, 22 (1968), 236-237. Andr Lacocque, Le devenir de Dieu, and Daniel Lys, La chair dans lAncien Testament: Basar, Encyclopdie Universitaire, in Interpretation, 22 (1968), 346-347. Georg Fohrer, Die symbolischen Handlungen der Propheten, and Elia, in: Journal of Biblical Literature, 88 (1969), 348-350. J. William Whedbee, Isaiah and Wisdom, in: Journal of Biblical Literature, 92 (1972), 406-407. Ina Willi-Plein, Vorformen der Schriftexegese innerhalb des Alten Testament, Beiheft zur Zeitschrift fr die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, no. 123, in: Interpretation, 26 (1972), 477-478. Frank Stagg, Polarities of Mans Existence in Biblical Perspective, in: Interpretation, 30 (1976), 214-215. Rainer Braun, Kohelet und die frhhellenistische Popularphilosophie, Beiheft zur Zeitschrift fr die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, no. 130, in: Journal of Biblical Literature, 95 (1976), 296-298. Douglas A. Knight (ed.), Tradition and Theology in the Old Testament, in: Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 46 (1978), 368. J. W. Rogers and J. W. McKay, Psalms 1-50, Psalms 51-100, Psalms 101-150, Cambridge Bible Commentary on the New English Bible, in: Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 40 (1978), 615-616. Roland de Vaux, The Early History of Israel, in: Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 47 (1979), 320-321. John L. McKenzie, The Old Testament Without Illusions, in Interpretation, 34 (1980), 86- 88. James L. Crenshaw, Gerhard von Rad, Makers of the Modern Theological Mind Series, in: Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 42 (1980), 95-96. Glendon E. Bryce, A Legacy of Wisdom: The Egyptian Contribution to the Wisdom of Israel, in: Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 48 (1980), 274-275. John T. Willis (ed.), The World and Literature of the Old Testament, in: Journal of Biblical Literature, 100 (1981), 104-105. George Hentschel, Die Elijaerzhlungen: Zum Verhltnis von historischem Geschehen und geschichtlicher Erfahrung, in: Journal of Biblical Literature, 101 (1982), 427-428. Robert R. Wilson, Prophecy and Society in Ancient Israel, in: Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 50 (1982), 621. Ronald E. Clements, Old Testament Theology: A Fresh Approach, in Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 50 (1982), 622. Simon Springer, Neuinterpretation im Alten Testament: Untersucht an der Themenkreisen des Herbsfestes und der Knigspsalmen Israel, in: Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 45 (1983), 121122. Rolf Rendtorff, Das Alte Testament: Eine Einfhrung, in: Journal of Biblical Literature, 105 (1986), 304-305. Samuel E. Balentine, The Hidden God: The Hiding of the Face of God in the Old Testament, in: Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 44 (1986), 163-164. Robert M. Polzin and Eugene Rothman (eds.), The Biblical Mosaic: Changing Perspectives, and Kenneth R. R. Gros Louis (ed.), Literary Interpretations of the Bible, vol. 2, in: Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 44 (1986), 188-189. Inger Ljung, Tradition and Interpretation: A Study of the Use and Application of Formulaic Language in the so-called Ebed YHWH-psalms, in: Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 48 (1986), 121123. K. Arvid Tangberg, Die prophetische Mahrede: Form und Traditionsgeschichtliche Studien zum prophetischen Umkehrruf, in: Hebrew Studies, 32 (1991), 173-175. Daniel Grossberg, Centripetal and Centrifugal Structures in Biblical Poetry, in: Journal of Biblical Literature, 112 (1993), 332-334.

Donald K. Berry, The Psalms and their Readers: Interpretive Strategies for Psalm 18, in: Interpretation, 48 (1994), 426-428. Theodor Lescow, Das Stufenschema: Untersuchungen zur Struktur alttestamentlicher Texte, in: Journal of Biblical Literature, 114 (1995), 128-130. Hershel Shanks et al, The Rise of Ancient Israel: Symposium at the Smithsonian Institution, in: Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 57 (1995), 438-439. Jerome F. D. Creach, Yahweh as Refuge and the Editing of the Hebrew Psalter, in: Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 61 (1999), 740-742. Michael D. Goulder, The Psalms of Asaph and the Pentateuch: Studies in the Psalter, III, in: Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 61 (1999), 749-750. Alastair G. Hunter, Psalms (Old Testament Readings), in: Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 64 (2002), 135-136. In press: Donn F. Morgan, The Making of Sages: Biblical Wisdom and Contemporary Culture, for: Interpretation. Over 60 book notes published in Choice, a publication of the Association of College and Research Libraries, a Division of the American Library Association; serving as a consultantreviewer for Choice since 1965. Over 60 book notes published in Religious Studies Review, serving as a network reviewer since 1984. Papers read at professional meetings since 1990 (most recent first) Society of Biblical Literature Central States Annual Meeting, Apr. 2002 (Kansas City). Invited paper given as introductory plenary address: Been There, Done That--Whats Next?: The Odyssey of a Biblical Scholar. Society of Biblical Literature Central States Annual Meeting, Apr. 2002 (Kansas City). Paper presented in Hebrew Bible Section: Does Qoheleths Image of A Chasing after Wind Apply to Wisdom Psalms Scholarship? Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting, Nov. 2001 (Denver). Paper presented in the Book of Psalms Section: Bypassing the ER and the Mortuary: A Prognosis on the Wisdom Psalms as a Category in Psalms Studies. Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting, Nov. 2001 (Denver). Invited paper presented as a panelist at a joint meeting of the Biblical Hebrew Poetry Section and Wisdom in Israelite and Cognate Traditions Section probing the art of the aphorism: Affirming Less as More: Scholarly Engagements with Aphoristic Rhetoric. Society of Biblical Literature Central States Annual Meeting, Apr. 2001 (Kansas City). Paper presented in Hebrew Bible Section: Sighting the Stern: The Impact of Chs. 30-31 on the Book of Proverbs as a Canonical Whole. Society of Biblical Literature Central States Annual Meeting, Apr. 2000 (Kansas City). Paper presented in Hebrew Bible Section: In Sheol Who Can Give You Praise?: Death and Immortality in the Hebrew Bible. Society of Biblical Literature Central States Annual Meeting, Mar. 1999 (St. Louis). Paper presented in Hebrew Bible Section: After the Crisis: Engaging Walter Brueggemanns Theology of the Old Testament. Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting, Nov. 1998 (Orlando). Paper presented in the Biblical Hebrew Poetry Section: Grounds for Praise: The Nature and Function of the Motive Clause in the Hymns of the Hebrew Psalter. Society of Biblical Literature Central States Annual Meeting, Mar. 1998 (Springfield, MO). Paper presented in session of American Schools of Oriental Research: Assessing the Text: The

Gains and Limits of Matthews and Moyers The Old Testament: Text and Context. Society of Biblical Literature Central States Annual Meeting, Apr. 1997 (Kansas City). Paper presented on a panel, Gerhard von Rad Retrospective, sponsored by the Hebrew Bible Section: The Problem of the Hextateuch: Its Claims and Continuing Impact. Society of Biblical Literature Central States Annual Meeting, Mar. 1996 (St. Louis): Paper presented in Hebrew Bible section: The Form, Location, and Function of Rhetorical Questions in Deutero-Isaiah. Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting, Nov. 1994 (Chicago). Paper presented in the Book of Psalms Group: Small Vessels Bearing Treasure: Assessing the Contribution of the Learned Essay in Recent Psalms Scholarship. Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting, Apr. 1994 (St. Louis). Paper presented: The Architecture and Function of Rhetorical Questions in the Psalter. Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting, Nov. 1992 (San Francisco). Paper presented in the Book of Psalms Group: Wisdom Psalms and the Shaping of the Hebrew Psalter. Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting, Nov. 1991 (Kansas City). Paper presented in the Book of Psalms Consultation: Dominant Variations and Functions of Enjambment in the Psalms of Biblical Israel. Society of Biblical Literature Central States Annual Meeting, Apr. 1991 (St. Louis). Paper responding to J. Clinton McCanns paper on The Structure of Psalm 73. Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting, Nov. 1990 (New Orleans). Paper presented in the Biblical Hebrew Poetry Section: The Presence and Function of Hendiadys in the Rhetoric of Biblical Psalmody. TEACHING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA Summary of teaching activities since Aug. 1998 1st semester 1998-99 32:013 Personalities of the Old Testament, 3 s.h. - 53 students 32:105 World of the Old Testament, 3 s.h. - 32 students 32/131:111 Religion & Women, 3 s.h. (evening) - 23 students 2d semester 1998-99 32:107 The Psalms and Wisdom of Biblical Israel, 3 s.h. - 37 students 32:108 Prophecy in Biblical Israel, 3 s.h. - 34 students 32:103 Biblical Archaeology, 3 s.h. (evening) - 17 students Summer 1999 32/131:111 Religion & Women, 3 s.h. - 15 students 1st semester 1999-2000 32:013 Personalities of the Old Testament, 3 s.h. - 54 students 32:106 Theology of the Old Testament, 3 s.h. - 24 students 32/131:111 Religion & Women, 3 s.h. (evening) - 21 students 2d semester 1999-2000 32:107 The Psalms and Wisdom of Biblical Israel, 3 s.h. - 28 students 32:103 Biblical Archaeology, 3 s.h. (evening) - 20 students Summer 2000 32/131:111 Religion & Women, 3 s.h. - 18 students 1st semester 2000-01 32:105 The World of the Old Testament, 3 s.h. - 22 students 32/131:111 Religion & Women, 3 s.h. (evening) - 27 students

2d semester 2000-01 32:013 Personalities of the Old Testament, 3 s.h. - 68 students 32:196 Senior Majors Seminar, 3 s.h. - 30 students 32:107 The Psalms and Wisdom of Biblical Israel, 3 s.h. (evening) - 20 students Summer 2001 32/131:111 Religion & Women, 3 s.h. - 20 students 1st semester 2001-02 32:013 Personalities of the Old Testament, 3 s.h. - 40 students 32:108 Prophecy in Biblical Israel, 3 s.h. - 24 students 32/131:111 Religion & Women, 3 s.h. (evening) - 23 students 2d semester 2001-02 32:107 The Psalms and Wisdom of Biblical Israel, 3 s.h. - 51 students 32:196 Senior Majors Seminar, 3 s.h. - 21 students 32:103 Biblical Archaeology, 3 s.h. (evening) - 19 students Summer 2002 32/131:111 Religion & Women, 3 s.h. 21 students 1st semester 2002-03 32:013 Personalities of the Old Testament, 3 s.h., 41 students 32:106 Theology of the Old Testament, 3 s.h., 37 students 2nd semester 2002-03 UI Career Development Award Undergraduate honors essays directed since 1973 W. Ray Price, Studies in the Book of Jonah (1973-74). Kevin E. Weaver, An Examination of the Moabites with Special Reference to Moab in Prophetic Oracles in the Old Testament (1976-77). Donald F. Johnson, The Contrasting Eschatological Perspectives of Amos and Second Isaiah (1979-80). Carol S. Schneider, Contemporary Interpretations of the Yahweh Theophany in the Book of Job (1981-82). Geralyn R. Zuercher, Aspects of Prayer in Old Testament Narrative (1981-82). Robert A. Romanoff, My Beloved is Mine and I am His: A Study of the Song of Songs (1985-86). David P. Odekirk, The Centrality of Covenant in Amos and Jeremiah: A Prophetic Understanding of the Interplay between Faith and Ethics (1988-89). Ruth Petsch, Esther as Manifested in the Masoretic and Septuagint Texts of the Old Testament (1993-94). Steven J. Drahozal, A Theology of the Sabbath as Put Forth in the Canon of the Hebrew Bible (calendar 1994). Jonathan Napier, Theological Aspects of Creation in the Hebrew Bible (1994-95). Dana Beatty, Thou Shalt Not Speak: Womens Roles in Earliest Christianity (2001-02). Theses and dissertations directed since 1972 Alan J. Hauser (Ph.D.), A Study of Representative Approaches to the Historical Question of Sauls Rise to the Monarchy, completed Dec. 1972. John E. Eggleton (Ph.D.), The Ethical Import of Select Theological Concepts Reflected in the Thought of the Eighth Century B.C. Hebrew Prophets, completed May 1973. William R. Watters (Ph.D.), Formula Criticism and the Poetry of the Old Testament, completed May 1973; published by Walter de Gruyter as Beiheft zur Zeitschrift fr die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, no. 138 (1976). Lowell K. Handy (M.A.), The Origin and Conversion of Psalm 29, completed May 1974.

William A. Young (Ph.D.), Psalm 74: A Methodological and Exegetical Study, completed Dec. 1974. Henry J. Postel (Ph.D.), The Form and Function of the Motive Clause in Proverbs 1-29, completed July 1976. Paul Bosch (M.A.), The Tree of Life and the Fountain of Life in the Book of Proverbs, completed July 1978. Kathy Jean Mitchell (M.A.), The Role of Egypt in the Prophecies of Jeremiah and Ezekiel, completed Dec. 1978. Aydeet Mueller (M.A.), Symbolic Acts in the Books of Jeremiah and Ezekiel, completed May 1980. John P. LePeau (Ph.D.), Psalm 68: An Exegetical and Theological Study, completed July 1981. Douglas E. Loyd (Ph.D.), Patterns of Interrogative Rhetoric in the Speeches of the Book of Job, completed Dec. 1985. Michael V. Houston (Ph.D.), The Identification of Torah as Wisdom: A Traditio-Critical Analysis of Deuteronomy 4:1-8 and 30:11-20, completed Apr. 1987. Aydeet Mueller (Ph.D.), Commending Covenant Morality: The Nature and Function of the Micah Story in the Book of Judges, completed May 1999. CURRENT RESEARCH PROGRAM First, along with the papers of other panelists, the paper that I delivered at the national meeting of the Society of Biblical Literature in Nov. 2001 in Denver will be published by Sheffield Academic Press in a forthcoming volume on the biblical aphorism. Having organized this panel presentation, Michael Fox (University of Wisconsin) is serving as the editor of this volume. He is expecting from me by late March 2003 a revised and expanded essay on my topic, Affirming Less as More: Scholarly Engagements with Aphoristic Rhetoric. Although some work remains to be done, it is not extensive. Second, the editors of Currents in Biblical Research have invited me to write another article focusing on recent issues and developments in biblical psalms research. An earlier article entitled, Engaging the Psalms: Gains and Trends in Recent Research, appeared in vol. 2 of that journal (then named Currents in Research: Biblical Studies) in 1994 (pp. 77-106). My new article will probe scholarship in the psalms that has transpired during the past decade. The vibrant Book of Psalms Section in the Society of Biblical Literature is just one index that this portion of the Hebrew canon has triggered extensive research in recent years. Third, in light of a persistent academic interest, I continue to focus on rhetorical-critical issues that directly impinge on a scholarly perception of the Book of Psalms. With the support of a onesemester Faculty Developmental Assignment for the fall 1997 semester, I furthered my research in Cambridge, England, from 1 June to 15 Dec. 1997, where I returned as a Visiting Fellow at Clare Hall. During the spring 2002 semester, I taught for a fourth time The Psalms and Wisdom of Biblical Israel (32:107), a course that had its initial exposure four years ago. It is a most suitable outlet for imparting some of my research findings in the classroom. Even so, more technical work summons my attention as I address such matters as the psalmists use of metaphor, paronomasia, metonomy, and merismus as felicitous agents for disclosing their message in an artful format. I continue to press toward the goal of completing a monograph on the rhetorical impact of psalmic poetry. My Career Development Award scheduled for the spring 2003 semester will enormously assist me in this project as once more I return to Cambridge (arriving on 3 January and departing on 31 July). BIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES (selected) Dictionary of International Biography, 19th ed. (1985).

Directory of American Scholars, 8th ed. (1982). Directory of Faculty of Departments and Programs of Religious Studies in North America, 1st ed. (1988). Whos Who in the Midwest, 23d ed. (1992). Whos Who in Biblical Studies and Archaeology, 2d ed. (1993). Whos Who in American Education, 3d ed. (1992). Whos Who in Religion, 4th ed (1992).