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FOREWORD PREFACE A GIANT AMONG MEN THE YOUTH SPEECHES JINNAH THE ARTISTIC JEWELLER
WHY WAS QUAID-I-AZAM SO POPULAR? HAPPINESS IS A TONIC QUAID-I-AZAMS FAITH IN THE MASSES ROLE OF WOMEN IN PAKISTAN A PUNJABI MUSLIM RAJPUT VITAL PRINCIPLES OF PAKISTAN DIALOGUE WITH A GIANT NO ORNAMENTS AS DONATIONS WITNESS OR TRUTH ADORATION BY THE POOR WOMEN STATUS PAKISTAN HAS ALWAYS BEEN THERE FREEDOM FOR BOTH RIGHT OF SELF-DETERMINATION THE AUTHOR OF PAKISTAN LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY IQBALS VOICE OF ISLAM NO QUTSIDER COULD ADDRESS THE MUSLIM LEAGUE COUNCIL THE MAP THAT CHANGED THE COURSE OF HISTORY THE MOST HANDSOME MAN DICTATES OF CONSCIENCE A MAGNANIMOUS QUAID AS HE WAS ON EDUCATION ONE SWALLOW DOES NOT MAKE THE SUMMER MR. GANDHI AN ENIGMA THE LEOPARD CANNOT CHANGE ITS SPOTS IM NO MAULANA CONCEPT OF SACRIFICE GHANDHIAN TRICKS THE THIRD PARTY THE BUSY BODY NEHRU QUAID-I-AZAM AND JOURNALISTS GAME OF POLITICS ONE PARTY STATE QUAID-I-AZAM THE EMPEROR MEANING OF PAKISTAN SUPREME SACRIFICE NO ORNAMENTAL PERSON CAN REPRESENT PEOPLE KNOW THE RIGHT TIME TO MAKE SACRIFICES TOTAL COMMITMENT NO CHANGES OF MASTERS CONGRESS LIVING IN THE DREAMLAND PANDIT NEHRU THE PETER PAN ADVICE TO THE NATIONALIST MUSLIMS CLEAN POLITICS QUAID-I-AZAM QOUTED FIRDAUSI TAKING SHELTER BEHIND QUAID-I-AZAM TRUSTEE OF THE MUSLIMS GOVERNMENT AND PARTY OFFICE DONKEY IS NOT ELEPHANT QUAID-I-AZAM THE HONEST THE HONEST PACIFIST GOVERNMENT OF THE PANDITS ONCE I WAS IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOL AS WELL EATING LIGHT WHAT MUST BE, MUST BE THE HAND OF AN EMPEROR THROWING WATER ON DUCKS BACK QUAID-I-AZAM RESPECT FOR CORRECTNESS TOLERANCE IS OUR CREED QUAID-I-AZAM A FANATIC THE SECRET OF SUCCESS PRESS POWER VIABILITY OF PAKISTAN KEPING HEADS UP SOUND MINDS IN SOUND BODIES ECONOMIC SYSTEM FOR PAKISTAN HE SAW DREAMS WHEN MAY COME AND MEN MAY GO, BUT PAKISTAN WOULD LIVE FOR EVER ALLAH, PAKISTAN QUAID-I-AZAM THE MUJADID
FOREWORD
Nazaria-e-Pakistan Foundation takes pleasure in presenting this volume of extracts from the speeches, anecdotes, and comments of Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He is remembered in South Asia as a man of destiny who welded together scattered crowds of the Muslims, lost in political, economic and social wilderness and turned them into and independence and sovereign entity. He could not have achieved spectacular and unparalled results without having a clear conceptual framework about the way the new nation should develop politically and economically. The present rosary of readings is intended to enliven our memories of the Quaid-iAzams essential wisdom, duty, and clarity of thought on issues of permanent importance for the security, solidarity and progress of Pakistan, along with his crip and lively comments of contemporary personalities.
PREFACE
Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the noblest and the wisest man of the twentieth century. He turned the course of history, welded a motley crowd into a nation and created a new country by his sheer determination, dedication and brilliance. Every word he said or wrote was wisdom. Some of these pearls of wisdom, I have picked up from his speeches for you and offer them for your study and ponderance. I am sure you will benefit from them.
WE DENY That we are one nation. With the Hindus and the rest. Nothing unites us save arbitrary geographical boundary and temporary shackles of slavery. Nationality based on either of these must in its very nature be unnatural. It cannot, it will not last. That we have any idea of exploiting or dominating others We are self-respecting people. We respect others rights as well respect our own. We want to live and let live. None need fear PAKISTAN! WE DECLARE That we are a NATION not a "minority" A NATION of a hundred million, greater than Germans in Greater Germany and what is more, we are a NATION with our own distinctive culture and civilization, language and literature, art and architecture, names and nomenclature, sense of value and proportion, legal laws and moral codes, customs and calendar, history and traditions, aptitudes and ambitions, in short, we have our own distinctive outlook on life and of life. By all cannons of International Law we are a NATION. That no amount of threats or intimidations will ever deter us from the chosen path. Hints about a long civil war we brush aside with contempt. On our part we do not want a civil war, but in the event of others making it inevitable, a hundred million souls shall look forward to it with the calm confidence of a people who know their intrinsic value.
WE DEMAND Only the right of self-determination. The absolute right to regulate our affairs in our own lands ourselves according to the genius of our own people, without in any way being ordered about either by the British or the Hindus. PAKISTAN IS OUR ONLY DEMAND! History Justices it. Numbers confirm it. Justice claims it. Destiny demands it. Posterity awaits it. And BY GOD, WE WILL HAVE IT!!
Muslims unite! You have a whole world to gain. You have nothing to lose but your chains!! (Daily Dawn February 8, 1942)
PLAY CRICKET
Quaid-i-Azam used to say: The Congress plays marbles. I want them to stand up and play CRICKET
NOT A MAHARAJA
Once Quaid-i-Azam stayed with the Raja of Mahmudabad in Butler Palace. During the lunch a servant stood as a waiter. Quaid-i-Azam was lost in his thoughts, and then seeing the man exclaimed: What do you want?. The servant explained that he was under orders to wait on him during the lunch. In the evening addressing the Raja of Mahmudabad Quaid-iAzam said: If your man stands over my head like that, I will be disturbed in my thoughs. I am an ordinary person of Bombay and not a Maharaja. This provided good entertainment for the guests.
IS EDUCATION SEDITION?
In 1912, the Elementary Education Bill was opposed by the British Government for many reasons, and one of the grounds advanced was that education would breed sedition. Quaid-i-Azam thundered: Do you really think that education means sedition?
GOKHALE ON QUAID-I-AZAM
Gokhale, the veteran leader, paid tribute to Quaid-i-Azam in the following words: He has true stuff in him and that freedom from all sectarian prejudice which will make him the best ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity.
IDEALS OF LIFE
Quaid-i-Azam held: Trust must ultimately prevail. Faithfulness to the cause will be rewarded. Temptations and allurements for an immediate glory should be disregarded for the sake of wider and broader issues and nobler ideas. Individual conveniences must be sacrificed for the general good.
SEPARATE ELECTORATES
In 1916, Quaid-i-Azam expressed his views about the separate electorates as follows: The demand for separate electorate is not a matter of policy but a matter of necessity to the Muslims, who require to be roused from the coma and torpor into which they had fallen so long.
UNIQUE CONFIDENCE
Once on the eve of elections Quaid-i-Azam addressed a public meeting at Bombay. He faced a hostile audience. As he proceeded heckling gathered strength. Quaid-i-Azam said: If you dont wish to vote for me, dont vote for me, but listen to me. Gradually the cat calls died down. When he finished the cheers were tumultuous. And in due course Quaid-i-Azam was elected unopposed.
REFUSED TO BE KNIGHTED
Lord Reading offered Quaid-i-Azam Judgeship of a High Court, but Quaid-i-Azam refused the offer. Lord Reading next offered him Law Membership in the Viceroys cabinet. This offer was also refused. Lord Reading then sounded Quaid-i-Azam whether he would agree to be knighted. Quaid-i-Azam refused saying: I prefer to be plain Mr. Jinnah than Sir Muhammad Ali Jinnah. At a social function Lord Reading wanted Mrs. Jinnah persuade her husband agree to be knighted. Mariam Jinnnah said: If my husband accepts knighthood, I will take a separation from him.
A COMMUNALIST?
In 1939 Quaid-i-Azam said: Gentlemen! if for bettering the conditions of the teeming millions of this country; if for uplifting the social, economic and political standards of the Muslims of India I am branded as a communalist, I assure you, Gentlemen, that I am proud to be a communalist. Some Hindu students interrupted and cried out Gandhiji Ki Jai. Quaid-i-Azam stopped for a while and then turning to the Hindu students said: Yes, by all means, Gandhi is a great Hindu leader.
BE A LITTLE HINDU
Muahmmad Hanif Azad was a motor driver of Quaid-iAzam. He has related that in 1939 he was driving the car at Vorli near the seashore. Quaid-i-Azam was in a happy mood. The Eid festival was to be celebrated within a few days. Azad meaningfully referred to the coming Eid with a view to getting some extra money from Quaid-i-Azam. Quaid-i-Azam realized the trick, and humorously said: Well you have become a Muslim all of a sudden; be a little Hindu.
ON GHANDHIAN POLITICS
In a letter addressed to Mr. Gandhi, Quaid-i-Azam assessed the politics of Gandhi in the following terms; It is due partly to the fact that you are living secluded life at Segaon, and partly because all your thoughts and actions are guided by inner voice that you have very little concern with realities, or what might be termed by an ordinary mortal practical politics. I sometimes wonder what can be common between practical politics and yourself, between democracy and the dictator of a political organization of which he is not even a four-anna member. But that is, I suppose, because you do not consider the Congress worthy of your membership.
POWER OF WOMEN
In March 1940, Quaid-i-Azam addressed the students of a College for Girls in Lahore. He said that two powers were well known, the powers of the pen and the sword, but that there was the third power as well, and that was the power of women. It was this power which guided men to make use of the powers of pen and the sword.
VIVISECTION OF INDIA
When the Pakistan Resolution was passed at Lahore in 1940, Mr. Gandhi and other Congress leaders criticized it on the ground that it aimed at the vivisection of India, and at cutting the body into two halves. Quaid-i-Azam said in reply: India is divided and partitioned by nature. Where is the country which is being divided? Where is the nation, which is being denationalized? Indian nation and Central Government do not exist.
DEFINITION OF PAKISTAN
When the Pakistan resolution was passed, an accusation levelled against Quaid-i-Azam by the Congress was that he had not defined Pakistan. Quaid-i-Azam said: The vital point is that the principle of separation should be accepted; the rest would follow automatically.
PAKISTAN POSITION
Quaid-i-Azam expounded the stand of the Muslims for struggle of Pakistan in the following terms: We know that our cause is a righteous one. We are asking for justice and fairplay. We have no designs upon our sister communities. We want to live in this land as a free and independent nation.
HAPPINESS IS A TONIC
A poet in a poem observed that Quaid-i-Azam was growing younger. Referring to this poem Quaid-i-Azam said: If I am getting younger and I believe me I am - it is the feeling of happiness over being treated by the people of India with such regard and affection. Happiness is a tonic.
NO ORNAMENTS AS DONATIONS
When an ornament was presented before Quaid-i-Azam he thanked the lady and returned her ornament saying We do not accept ornaments as donation to the Muslim League Fund.
WITNESS OF TRUTH
During the Trial of the Khaksar assault case on the Quaid-iAzam Justice Blagden referred to Quaid-i-Azam in the following words I must say, that in all my experience, I have never seen a more obvious witness of truth than Mr. Jinnah.
WOMEN STATUS
I wish to impress on you that no nation can rise to the heights of glory unless your women are side by side with you. It is a crime against humanity that our women are shut up within the four walls of the houses as prisoners. I do not mean that we should imitate the evils of western life. But let us try to raise the status of our women according to our own Islamic idea and standards. There is no sanction anywhere for the deplorable conditions in which our women have to live. You should take your women along with you as comrades in every sphere of life avoiding the corrupt practice of western society. You cannto expect a woman who is herself ignorant to bring up your children properly. The woman has the power to bring up children on right lines. Let us not throw away this asset. (Address at Aligarh University 1944.)
RIGHT OF SELF-DETERMINATION
Who is the author of this new formula that every community has the right of self-determination all over India. Either it is colossal ignorance or mischief and trick. Let me give them a reply that the Mussalmans claim the right of self-determination because they are a national group on a given territory which is their homeland and in the zones where they are in a majority. Therefore, in constitutional language, they are characterized as a subnational group who cannot expect anything more than what is due from any civilized government to a minority. The Muslims are not a subnational group; it is their birthright to claim and exercise the right of selfdetermination. (Address to M.S.F. Jallundher 1942)
LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY
When the Muslims raised the demand for Pakistan the Congress opposed the demand on the basis of the geographical unity. The British also thought the same way. In his speech at Aligarh in March 1944. Quaid-i-Azam, referred to Lord Wavells theory of the geographical unity of India and said: that they in Aligarh, stood in no need of any lessons in geography as they had a most efficient department of Geography of their own, and they knew very well that India never was and is not a geographical unity.
DICTATES OF CONSCIENCE
Quaid-i-Azam did not care what people said or thought. He did only what his conscience told him. He said If you follow my advice you will rise free like gold. This advice should be taken as a touchstone in all walks of life. Dont run after jobs; let jobs run after you.
A MAGNANIMOUS QUAID
Mohammad Noman was a student at the Aligarh University and blessed with talents of mimicry. Often he would imitate Quaid-i-Azam. One day Quaid-i-Azam visited Aligarh. He sent for Noman and said I am told you mimic me with great skill. show me how you do it. Mohammad Noman gave the demonstration, and Quaid-i-Azam felt amused. Quaid-i-Azam took off his cap and monocle and said Very good. Take these; they will make it more authentic in future.
AS HE WAS
Mr. Ghandhi travelled third class. Once some Muslim League members suggested to Quaid-i-Azam that like Mr. Gandhi he should also travel third class. Quaid-i-Azam said: Any such conduct would by hypocrisy, and whatever else he might be, he could never be a hypocrite.
ON EDUCATION
In January 1945 while speaking at the session of the Gujrat Muslim Educational Conference, Quaid-i-Azam said: Without education it is complete darkness and with education it is light. Education is a matter of life and death to our nation. The world is moving so fast that if you do not educate yourselves you will be not only completely left behind, but will be finished up. The Holy Prophet had enjoined his followers to go even to China in the pursuit of knowledge. If that was the commandment in those days when communications were difficult, then, truly, Muslims, as the true followers of the glorious heritage of Islam, should surely utilize all available opportunities. No sacrifice of Time or personal comfort should be regarded too great for the advancement of the cause of education.
IM NO MAULANA
One day a crowd shouted Maulana Muhammad Ali Zindabad. Quaid-i-Azam said: S calling me Maulana. I am not your religious leader. I am your political leader. Call me Mr. Jinnah, or Muhammad Ali Jinnah, but no Maulana.
CONCEPT OF SACRIFICE
The Congress accused the Muslim League of having made no sacrifices. Quaid-i-Azam replied. We are accused of having made no sacrifices for our goal. I am afraid we cannot contribute that sort of sacrifice to which the Congress seems accustomed to obtain leadership, to sit like goats under the police lathi charge, then to go to jail, then to complain of loss of weight and then to manage release. I dont believe in that sort of struggle, but when the time of suffering comes, I will be the first to get the bullet shots in my chest.
GHANDHIAN TRICKS
One day Mr. Gandhi said: Mr. Jinnah, I have come to you as a beggar. Please concede my demand. Quaid-i-Azam retorted: It is no use indulging in such sentimental rhetoric. What you demand from me belongs to the nation, and as a trustee I cannot give you what is a trust.
GAME OF POLITICS
One day a friend of Quaid-i-Azam invited him to play golf. Quaid-i-Azam said: Where do I get time from the game of politics that I should indulge in the game of golf. You have tees and holes in golf; the game of politics has pitfalls and I have to watch every step because the goal is vital.
MEANING OF PAKSITAN
On the demand of Paksitan, Jawahar Lal Nehru raised the plea that he did not understand Pakistan. To this Quaid-iAzam retorted: If you do not understand it, then what is that you are opposing? Even children understand it, but here is this great leader, a great internationalist, who says he does not understand Pakistan. Pakistan means partition; Pakistan means division; it means you must take Hindu provinces of yours, and leave out Muslim provinces where we want to establish our government.
SUPREME SACRIFICE
Addressing the students of Islamia College, Peshawar in 1945, Quaid-i-Azam observed. Now I am to the Congress, King Charles head, and am on their list as criminal number one. I shall face my trial if it ever comes. But believe me I shall never fail to do my duty to my people.
TOTAL COMMITMENT
In November 1945, Quaid-i-Azam said: Now the Congress put me in the list as enemy Number One. I feel honoured. But that cannot frighten me or deter me from doing my duty to my nation. Once I was offered premiership of a provisional government, and now I stand as enemy Number One. Neither of the two had any effect on me. Now they are convinced that they cannot cheat me. But one thing is clear. The Hindus do not want the Muslims to get freedom. The cup was near the lip and the criminal Number One dashed it. They are under coma and think they will get it. It is gone for ever, and will never come to them again.
NO CHANGE OF MASTERS
In Peshawar in 1945, Quaid-i-Azam said: We want to get rid of the British but we dont want the change of masters. Let three fourth of India belong to Hindus where they can rule as they wish and let Muslims have one fourth of India where they are in majority. Let us both be free.
CLEAN POLITICS
In 1946, Mr. M.A.H. Isphani was the Muslim Leagues candidate for elections. The opposing candidate agreed to withdraw provided the security of Rs. 250 deposited by him was paid to him. Isphani wanted to accept the offer and pay the amount of Rs. 250, but Quaid-i-Azam did not like this and said that the offer should be rejected as it amounted to bribery. He said Go and tell him that Isphani will fight him to the last, irrespective of whether he succeeds or fails.
EATING LIGHT
Throughout his life Quaid-i-Azam had light meals. Quaid-iAzam would say People suffer because they eat much.
PRESS POWER
On the 25th December 1947 a dinner was hosted in honour of Quaid-i-Azam by Begum and Sheikh Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah. At the end of the function Begum Ghulam Hussain tied Imam Zamin on the arm of Quaid-i-Azam. Mr Altaf Hussain, Editor The Dawn stood close to Quaid-iAzam. Quaid-i-Azam was in a humourous mood and turning to Mr. Altaf Hussain said With the Imam Zamin on my arm, I will be able to face the Dawn as well.
VIABILITY OF PAKISTAN
When the demand for Paksitan was raised most of the critics said that Pakistan would not be economically viable. Quaid-i-Azam on his arrival in Karachi as Governor-General found that there were only twenty crore of rupees in the state treasury, and bill of Rs. 32 crore were outstanding. They had to start from scratch. In seven and a half months the position changed, and surplus budget was presented to the Assembly. He said that those who used to say that Pakistan could not be a viable state had better take note of that.
KEEPING HEADS UP
Quaid-i-Azam wanted the people to realize what revolutionary change had taken place because of the establishment of Pakistan. He exhorted the people Keep your heads up as citizens of a free and independent sovereign state. Praise your Government when it deserves; criticize your Government fearlessly when it is wrong, but the criticism should not be destructive; it should be honest and constructive.
HE SAW DREAMS
Quaid-i-Azam spent the last days of his life at Ziarat. He had a vision that Ziarat could be developed into a beautiful hill station, with luxurious hotels, fine bungalows, parks, gardens and other amenities. Turning to one of his Secretaries he said I see dreams like that, and sometimes my dreams are realized. Pakistan was also a dream sometime and that dream has been fulfilled. Similarly I Hope my dream about Ziarat would also be fulfilled sometime.
MEN MAY COME AND MEN MAY GO, BUT PAKISTAN WOULD LIVE FOR EVER
Mr. M.A.H. Isphani has narrated that he met Quaid-i-Azam in July 1948 when he lay seriously ill at Ziarat. Mr. Isphani pleaded with Quaid-i-Azam that he should take complete rest, for his life was most precious. Quaid-i-Azam smiled and said: My boy, there was a time when soon after partition and until early 1948 when even I worried whether Pakistan would survive the many unexpected and terrible shocks which India had administered soon after we parted company with her. but we pulled through and nothing will ever worry us so much again. I have no fear now. Men may come and men may go, but Pakistan is truly and firmly established and will go on, with Allahs grace for ever.
ALLAH, PAKISTAN
Col. Ilahi Baksh has stated that at 10:10 P.M. on the 11th September 1948 he gave an injection to Quaid-i-Azam. Quaid-i-Azam opened his eyes. Col. Ilahi Baksh said to Quaid-i-Azam Sir, we have given you injection. You will Inshallah live. Quaid-i-Azam turned his head and said No. Not now. At 10:25 P.M., hardly fifteen minutes later Quaid-i-Azam was no more. Dr. Riaz Ali shah has stated that the last words that Quaid-i-Azam uttered were Allah, Pakistan.