PBWN302 CreditHours CEM/WEE/STE

Dr.AsmaaModdather
SoilMechanicsandFoundations FacultyofEngineering CairoUniversity

FALL2012

D fi Soil Define: S il
y Naturally occuring particulate material y Formed, F d directly di l or indirectly, i di l from f solid lid rocks k (i.e. (i

weathering) y Composition of soil particles depends on composition of parent rock y The void space between the particles contain water and/or d/ air i

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

A li ti Applications
y EngineerusestheSOILtobuild:
y Onit:e.g. e g buildings y Init:e.g.tunnels y Withit;e.g.earthdams

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

E Example: l Bridge B id F Foundations d ti

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

E Example: l Tunnel T l

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

E Example: l Earth E thDam D

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

E Example: l Failure F il

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

E Example: l Failure F il

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

E Example: l Failure F il

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

E Example: l Failure F il

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

E Example: l Failure F il

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

E Example: l Failure F il

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

E Example: l Failure F il

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

E Example: l Failure F il

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

E Example: l Failure F il

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

C Course O Outline tli

y Introduction y Phasediagram y Soil S ilClassification Cl ifi i y Compaction y Stresses y Consolidation y ShearStrength y EarthPressure
Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

lMechanics h PBWN302 Soil Fall2012

y Instructor: Dr.AsmaaModdather

(TeachingAssistant:Eng. Eng AhmedAbdelAziz)

y Lectures: y Tutorials: y Textbook:

Tuesday10:00am 12:00am,Classroom:20103 Thursday03:00pm 06:00pm,Classroom:20507

Das, B.M. (2008), Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, Thomson Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. students with the basics of Soil Mechanics. Mechanics Lectures will focus on describing the nature and behavior of soils.

y Objectives: The purpose of this course is to familiarize

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

ilMechanics h i PBWN302 Soil Fall2012

y Grading:

AttendanceandClassParticipation Assignments Quizzes MidtermExam FinalExam

10% 10% 20% 20% 4 40%

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

ilMechanics h i PBWN302 Soil Fall2012

y

Assignments: y There Th will ill be b approximately i l seven (7) ( ) assignments. i y Assignments shall be handed out in the tutorial sessions. y Assignments A i t must t be b submitted b itt d in i person the th week k following end of class discussion of the topic. y Grades for late assignments shall be reduced by 25%. 25% y No excuses shall be given for late submittals without a written request q and approval. pp Therewillbeapproximatelyseven(7)quizzes. Onemidtermwillbegivenduringthesemester. Afinalexamwillbegiveninthescheduledfinal examperiod. Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

y Quizzes: y Exams:

PBWN302 SoilMechanics Fall2012

Web Site:

www.egypteducation.org
Course: SoilMechanics Fall2012 Home Courses CairoUniversity FacultyofEngineering CreditHourProgram ConstructionEngineeringandManagement SoilMechanics Fall2012 Enrol.Key: PBWN302
Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

D fi iti Definitions
y Soil:
is any accumulation of mineral particles formed by the

weathering of rocks, the void space between the particles containing water and/or air. air

y Soil Mechanics:

is the branch of science dealing with the study of

the physical properties of soil and the behavior of soil masses subjected yp of forces to various types

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

S ilformation Soil f ti
y Residual soil:
original location. the products of rock weathering remain at their

y Transported soil:

the products are transported and deposited in

a different location. (gravity, wind, water)

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

S ilformation Soil f ti
y Weathering by mechanical or chemical processes y Mechanical by contraction and expansion of rock, erosion by wind or

water: resultant soil is bulky, angular, rounded, elongated, flat.

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

S ilformation Soil f ti
y Chemical:
results in changes in the mineral form of the parent rock

due to the action of water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.

y Chemical weathering results in the formation of groups of crystalline

particles of size (<0:002 mm) known as clay minerals. minerals

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

S ilformation Soil f ti
y Mostclaymineralparticlesareofplatelike

Dispersed

Flocculated

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

PHASE DIAGRAM

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

S ilVolumes Soil V l and dWeights W i ht Relationship R l ti hi

Particles (solids) Air Water

Solid

Soil sample

Voids

Air(drysoil) water(saturatedsoil) Air/water(wetsoil)

Phase g diagram

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

Ph diagram Phase di

Air Water

Solid

Volumes

Weights

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

Ph diagram Phase di
Vs=Volumeofsolids Vv=volumeofvoids Vw =volumeofwater Va =volumeofair V T =totalvolume=Vs +Vw+ Va =Vs +Vv Ws=weightofsolids Ww =weightofwater Wa =weightofair=0 Solid WT =totalweight g =Ws +Ww Volumes l W i h Weights Air Water

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

Ph diagram Phase di
w=Densityofwater=1.0t/m3=1.0gm/cm3 =10.0kN/m3 w=Ww/Vw Ww =wVw s =Densityofsolids=Ws/Vs =2.5 2.8t/m3 Gs=specificgravity=s /w Air Ws =s Vs= Gsw Vs ex., s =2.70t/m t/ 3 Gs =2.70/1.0=2.70 ex., s =26.5kN/m3 Gs =26.5/10.0=2.65 Volumes Weights Water S lid Solid

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

Ph diagram Phase di
Ratios:
e =voidratio=

Coulde beequaltozero?No q to1.0?Yes Coulde beequal Coulde begreaterthan1.0?Yes

Air W t Water S lid Solid

S=degreeofsaturation= Volumes CouldS beequaltozero?Yes C ldS be Could b equal lto1.0? ?Yes Y CouldS begreaterthan1.0?No
Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

Weights

Ph diagram Phase di
Ratios:
n=porosity=

Couldn beequaltozero?No Couldn beequalto1.0?No greaterthan1.0?No Couldn beg

Air Water Solid

w=watercontent= Couldw beequaltozero?Yes Couldw beequalto1.0? 1 0?Yes Couldw begreaterthan1.0?Yes

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

Volumes

Weights

Ph diagram Phase di
Densities:
d =dryunitweight= V l Volumes wet =wet(bulk)unitweight== W
s

Air Water Solid W i ht Weights

+ W VT

sat =saturated dunitweight h =

+ wV v VT

sub =submergedunitweight=sat w

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

Laboratory Measurements
Howtomeasuresoilwatercontent?
1. 2. 3. 3

Getthetotalweight g ofsoilsample p =WT Ovendrythesample,thenweigh=Ws W W Ws Calculate: w = w = T Ws Ws

Howtomeasuretotalvolumeofsoilsample(V T)?Byeither:
1.

Submergingthesampleincontainerfullofmercury.Measureweightof p mercury y(Wmercury).V T =Wmercury/mercury displaced

2.

Coverthesamplewithwax,thensubmergeitincontainerfullofwater. Measureweightofdisplacedwater(Ww).V T +Vwax =Ww/w. peelthewax, ,andget g Wwax,andcalculateVwax =Wwax/wax.Thusg get Thenp V T.
Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

Solving Phase Diagrams

1. 1

Given:w, w Gs,andS. S
AssumeWs =1
w= Ww Ww = Ws 1 Vs = Ws
Air
w/w

W s = s Vs Gs =

w/wS

s w

Water Solid

s = Gs w

1/Gsw

Ws 1 = Vs = G s w Gs w

Volumes

Weights

w =
S=

Ww Vw

Vw = Vv =

Ww

w
Cangete,n,d
Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012

Vw Vv

Vw w = S S w

Solving Phase Diagrams

2. 2

Given:e, e Gs,andS. S Required:w, w n, n d?

AssumeVs =1
e= S= Vv Vv = Vs 1 Vw Vv
Vw = Vv S = eS
1

Air
e eS

Water Solid

weS

Ww = wVw = weS Ws = sVs = wGs

Gsw

Cangetw,n,d

Volumes

Weights

Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012