Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
23 09
Not very long ago, an office building designed by the or less) 38 degrees in their hives, could teach us a
British practice, HKR Architects, was completed in thing or two. In this latter case, the beehive metaphor
Manchester. The building is called The Hive. This name in architecture seems to take on new meaning,
is particularly significant, especially in the architectural decidedly in keeping with the spirit of the times. There
field, and brings to mind an image that for a long is however another sense in which this metaphor,
time was used as a positive example but, above all applied to architecture, is interesting. This is the sense
in the second half of the twentieth century, has fallen of the famous quote from Marx, whereby “a bee puts
somewhat out of favour. The beehive metaphor was to shame many an architect”, but what distinguishes
very popular in architecture, as has recently been “the worst architect from the best of bees is that the
demonstrated in an interesting book by Juan Antonio architect raises his structure in imagination before
Ramìrez (“The Beehive Metaphor: From Gaudí to Le he erects it in reality”. Bees, acting by pure instinct,
Corbusier”). The reason is clear: as natural architects, belong to the unconscious world of pure biological life.
bees are able to produce and, above all, manage This metaphor can be interpreted in two ways. The
complex structures that have always fascinated first, direct, marks the difference between unconscious
mankind. It would be interesting to see if and and conscious creation. The second, which derives
how the rational beekeeping model, which became from the first, could be the following: while bees
popular from the 1870s, influenced the 20th century eternally repeat the same modules, architects create
“rational” and “rationalist” architecture movements. each time by reinterpreting reality and its needs.
More recently, however, the metaphor has taken on This, moreover, is why today a family of humans
a derogatory tone. Buildings are commonly likened to can spend a pleasant winter even in the Arctic,
beehives not so much to convey the idea of a rational unlike a family of bees. In any case, when looking at
distribution of space, as to indicate the image of an contemporary cityscapes, we get the impression that
oppressive environment, built with repetitive modules, some architectural practices are mostly made up of
conceived without concession to any element that is bees, and that, on the contrary, it would be useful for
not purely utilitarian. Perhaps those who gave this others to recruit someone with the prudent wisdom
name to the building in Manchester were simply of hymenopterans. Obstinately repeating anonymous
referring to its external shape which, with its two models without originality may avoid disagreeable
low-level parallelepipeds, looks like a beehive. Or surprises, but in the long run this practice debases the
perhaps they wished to refer to the sustainability of human environment, while insisting on asserting one’s
the building, which has obtained BREAM (Building own signature style, regardless of the surrounding
Research Establishment Environmental Assessment environment, may cause an alarming sense of
Method) certification: from the point of view of alienation. It is perhaps better to keep the best of the
management of energy wastage bees, who are two examples and, paraphrasing Machiavelli, “take
able to maintain a constant temperature of (more both bees and architects”n
23 09