part of speech Verb

function or "job" action or state

example words (to) be, have, do, like, work, sing, can, must pen, dog, work, music, town, London, teacher, John a/an, the, 2, some, good, big, red, well, interesting quickly, silently, well, badly, very, really I, you, he, she, some to, at, after, on, but and, but, when oh!, ouch!, hi!, well

example sentences EnglishClub.com is a web site. Ilike EnglishClub.com.

Noun

thing or person

This is my dog. He lives in myhouse. We live in London.

Adjective

describes a noun

I have two dogs. My dogs are big. I like big dogs.

Adverb

describes a verb, adjective or adverb replaces a noun links a noun to another word joins clauses or sentences or words short exclamation, sometimes inserted into a sentence

My dog eats quickly. When he isvery hungry, he eats reallyquickly. Tara is Indian. She is beautiful. We went to school on Monday. I like dogs and I like cats. I like cats and dogs. I like dogs but I don't like cats. Ouch! That hurts! Hi! How are you? Well, I don't know.

Pronoun Preposition Conjunction

Interjection

An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. It is usually shown in chemical equations by appending (aq) to the relevant formula, such as NaCl (aq). The word aqueous means pertaining to, related to, similar to, or dissolved in water. As water is an excellent solvent and is also naturally abundant, it is a ubiquitous solvent in chemistry.

Several types of reactions occur in water. When water is the solvent for a reaction, the reaction is said to occur in aqueous solution, which is denoted by the abbreviation (aq) following the name of a chemical species in a reaction. Three important types of reactions in water are precipitation, acid-base, and oxidation-reduction reactions. Precipitation Reactions In a precipitation reaction, an anion and a cation contact each other and an insoluble ionic compound precipitates out of solution. For example, when aqueous solutions of silver nitrate, AgNO3, and salt, NaCl, are mixed, the Ag+ and Cl- combine to yield a white precipitate of silver chloride, AgCl:

Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) AgCl(s)

Acid-Base Reactions For example, when hydrochloric acid, HCl, and sodium hydroxide, NaOH, are mixed, the H+ reacts with the OH- to form water:

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O

HCl acts as an acid by donating H+ ions or protons and NaOH acts as a base, furnishing OH- ions.

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions In an oxidation-reduction or redox reaction, there is an exchange of electrons between two reactants. The species that loses electrons is said to be oxidized. The species that gains electrons is said to be reduced. An example of a redox reaction occurs between hydrochloric acid and zinc metal, where the Zn atoms lose electrons and are oxidized to form Zn2+ ions:

Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2e-

The H+ ions of the HCl gain electrons and are reduced to H atoms, which combine to form H2 molecules:

2H+(aq) + 2e- H2(g)

The overall equation for the reaction becomes:

Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) Zn2+(aq) + H2(g)

Two important principles apply when writing balanced equations for reactions between species in a solution:

The balanced equation only includes the species that participate in forming products. For example, in the reaction between AgNO3 and NaCl, the NO3- and Na+ ions were not involved in the precipitation reaction and were not included in the balanced equation.

The total charge must be the same on both sides of a balanced equation. Note that the total charge can be zero or non-zero, as long as it is the same on both the reactants and products sides of the equation.