COMPUTER EDUCATION IV COMPUTER AND THE MOTHERBOARD I. COMPUTER AND ITS PARTS What is a computer?

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or "data." It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You can use a computer to type documents, send email, and browse the internet. You can also use it to handle spreadsheets, accounting, database management, presentations, games, and more. VOCABULARY WORDS Binary codes Windows 8 Peripherals Manipulation Word processing Power supply Input CPU Data Logical process Malware Motherboard RAM Output Modem Bus Computer Anti-virus USB Flash Drive Internet Scanner Hardware Operating System Software

The box above contains words that pertain to the computer or the computer itself. Below are the operational definitions of the words. Binary codes- it is the language of a computer. It represents text or computer processor instructions using the binary number system's two binary digits, 0 and 1. A binary code assigns a bit string to each symbol or instruction. Input- this is where the computer accepts data and instruction. Input method are supplemented by input devices such as keyboard or sensor, that are used to collect and provide the computer system data or instructions. RAM- the abbreviation of Random Access Memory, it is the form of a computer storage that can be accessed randomly. The RAM is the physical memory of the computer and is used to currently store running programs and is attached to the motherboard. USB Flash Drive- it is a small-sized removable and rewritable storage device with storage capacity ranging from 64 MB to 64 GB. Windows 8- the successor of Windows 7 and the newest operating system of the Windows company. CPU- abbreviation for Central Processing Unit, it is the brain of the computer and all activities of the computer are processed here. Output- it is the result of the processed data collected by an input. IV SSC- Newton, GROUP I

Internet- an interconnection of computer systems. Peripherals- external devices that are equally important for the functioning of computers. Data- is a collection of facts about something or somebody. It could be numbers, letters, images or sounds. Modem- a device used for dial-up connections. Scanner- it is peripheral device that can scan images, handwriting or objects and convert them to digital images. Manipulation- the act or process of manipulating, it is the ability to control electronics or devices. Logical process- process of reasoning Bus- it is a subsystem that transfers data within and between computers. Hardware- is the physical aspect of a computer. Computer hardware exists in substance. By definition, the different parts of a computer that can be touched constitute computer hardware. Word processing- a software commonly used for making documents. Malware- a malicious software. Computer- it is an electronic device that manipulates information or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve and process data. Operating System- is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is a vital component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs usually require an operating system to function. Power Supply- converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a computer. Motherboard- the board containing all the chips of the computer. Anti-virus- a software installed (sometimes pre-installed) in a computer used against electronic viruses. Software- they exists in the form of ideas or concepts and are colloquially termed as computer programs. SOFTWARES AND HARDWARES Hardware is the physical aspect of a computer. While computer software exists in the form of ideas and concepts, computer hardware exists in substance. By definition, the different parts of a computer that can be touched constitute computer hardware. Computer hardware includes central processing unit, motherboard, microchips as well as computer peripherals like input-output and storage devices that are IV SSC- Newton, GROUP I

added to a host computer to enhance its abilities. Here is an overview of the different kinds of computer hardware.
Software, by definition, is the collection of computer programs, procedures and documentation that

performs different tasks on a computer. The term software was first used by John Tukey in 1958. At the very basic level, computer software consists of a machine language that comprises groups of binary values, which specify processor instructions. The processor instructions change the state of computer hardware in a predefined sequence. Briefly, computer software is the language in which a computer speaks. LESSON III. INPUT/OUTPUT PROCESS INPUT PROCESSES OUTPUT RAM

BINARY CODES represents text or computer processor instructions using the binary number system's two binary digits, 0 and 1. A binary code assigns a bitstring to each symbol or instruction. II. MOTHERBOARD The motherboard is the real estate on which a PC is built; all PC components are directly and indirectly connected to this large printed circuit board. A basic computer would look like that one inside the schools or houses, but it is a complicated piece of equipment with vast array of technology in it. Motherboards are the foundation of PCs and are also referred to as the main board, system board or planar board. ATX and BTX Form Factor FORM FACTORS A motherboard form factor defines the location and type of components on the motherboard, the power supply that will work with it, and the corresponding PC case. ATX, abbreviation for Advanced Technology eXtended is a type of form factor created by the Intel Corporation in 1996 with a measure of approximately 12 by 9.6 but latter replaced by BTX, Balanced Technology eXtended created in 2003 with more efficient cooling system and quieter components. CHIPSET Chipsets are very critical components in the motherboard for they work hand in glove with the Central Processing Unit or the processor. There are two types of chipsets, namely the Northbridge chipset and Southbridge chipset.

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NORTHBRIDGE CHIPSET- controls communication between the CPU and the RAM, also called the memory controller chip. SOUTHBRIDGE CHIPSET- controls communication between the CPU and the I/O busses.

PROCESSOR The processor or the Central processing unit is the principal control device in a system. PC Case The PC case serves as the house for the motherboard which includes ports and cooling fans.

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