Manuel S.

Enverga University Foundation Lucena City, Philippines

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

Research on Digital Broadcasting

A Requirement In Partial Fulfillment of the requirement in ECEB4423 Broadcasting Engineering

Submitted by:

Villamater,Jerome Dylan S. BS EcE IV

Submitted to:

Engr. Erwin Ellazar

Date:

March 14, 2012

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City, Philippines

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

Introduction Digital television (DTV) is the transmission of audio and video by digitally processed and multiplexed signal, in contrast to the totally analog and channel separated signals used by analog TV. Many countries are replacing broadcast analog television with digital television to allow other uses of the television radio spectrum. Technical information Formats and bandwidth Digital television supports many different picture formats defined by the broadcast television systems which are a combination of size, aspect ratio (width to height ratio). With digital terrestrial television (DTV) broadcasting, the range of formats can be broadly divided into two categories: high definition television (HDTV) for the transmission of high-definition video and standard-definition television (SDTV). These terms by themselves are not very precise, and many subtle intermediate cases exist. One of several different HDTV formats that can be transmitted over DTV is: 1280 720 pixels in progressive scan mode (abbreviated 720p) or 1920 1080 pixels in interlaced video mode (1080i). Each of these utilizes a 16:9 aspect ratio. (Some televisions are capable of receiving an HD resolution of 1920 1080 at a 60 Hz progressive scan frame rate known as 1080p.) HDTV cannot be transmitted over current analog television channels because of channel capacity issues. Standard definition TV (SDTV), by comparison, may use one of several different formats taking the form of various aspect ratios depending on the technology used in the country of broadcast. For 4:3 aspect-ratio broadcasts, the 640 480 format is used in NTSC countries, while 720 576 is used in PAL countries. For 16:9 broadcasts, the 704 480 format is used in NTSC countries, while 720 576 is used in PAL countries. However, broadcasters may choose to reduce these resolutions to save bandwidth (e.g., many DVB-T channels in the United Kingdom use a horizontal resolution of 544 or 704 pixels per line). Each commercial broadcasting terrestrial television DTV channel in North America is permitted to be broadcast at a bit rate up to 19 megabits per second. However, the broadcaster does not need to use this entire bandwidth for just one broadcast channel. Instead the broadcast can use the channel to include PSIP and can also subdivide across several video subchannels (aka feeds) of varying quality and compression rates, including non-video datacasting services that allow one-way high-bandwidth streaming of data to computers like National Datacast. A broadcaster may opt to use a standard-definition (SDTV) digital signal instead of an HDTV signal, because current convention allows the bandwidth of a DTV channel (or "multiplex") to be subdivided into multiple digital subchannels, (similar to what most FM radio stations offer with HD Radio), providing multiple feeds of entirely different television programming on the same channel. This ability to provide either a single HDTV feed or multiple lower-resolution feeds is often referred to as distributing one's "bit budget" or multicasting. This can sometimes be arranged automatically, using a statistical multiplexer (or "stat-mux"). With some implementations, image resolution may be less directly limited by bandwidth; for example in DVB-T, broadcasters can choose from several different modulation schemes, giving them the option to reduce the transmission bitrate and make reception easier for more distant or mobile viewers.

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City, Philippines

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

Reception There are a number of different ways to receive digital television. One of the oldest means of receiving DTV (and TV in general) is using an antenna (television) (known as an aerial in some countries). This way is known as Digital terrestrial television (DTT). With DTT, viewers are limited to whatever channels the antenna picks up. Signal quality will also vary. Other ways have been devised to receive digital television. Among the most familiar to people are digital cable and digital satellite. In some countries where transmissions of TV signals are normally achieved by microwaves, digital MMDS is used. Other standards, such as Digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) and DVB-H, have been devised to allow handheld devices such as mobile phones to receive TV signals. Another way is IPTV, that is receiving TV via Internet Protocol, relying on Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) or optical cable line. Finally, an alternative way is to receive digital TV signals via the open Internet. For example, there is P2P (peer-topeer) Internet television software that can be used to watch TV on a computer. Some signals carry encryption and specify use conditions (such as "may not be recorded" or "may not be viewed on displays larger than 1 m in diagonal measure") backed up with the force of law under the WIPO Copyright Treaty and national legislation implementing it, such as the U.S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Access to encrypted channels can be controlled by a removable smart card, for example via the Common Interface (DVB-CI) standard for Europe and via Point Of Deployment (POD) for IS or named differently CableCard. Interaction Interaction happens between the TV watcher and the DTV system. It can be understood in different ways, depending on which part of the DTV system is concerned. It can also be an interaction with the STB only (to tune to another TV channel or to browse the EPG). Modern DTV systems are able to provide interaction between the end-user and the broadcaster through the use of a return path. With the exceptions of coaxial and fiber optic cable, which can be bidirectional, a dialup modem, Internet connection, or other method is typically used for the return path with unidirectional networks such as satellite or antenna broadcast. In addition to not needing a separate return path, cable also has the advantage of a communication channel localized to a neighborhood rather than a city (terrestrial) or an even larger area (satellite). This provides enough customizable bandwidth to allow true video on demand. 1-segment broadcasting 1seg (1-segment) is a special form of ISDB. Each channel is further divided into 13 segments. The 12 segments of them are allocated for HDTV and remaining segment, the 13th, is used for narrowband receivers such as mobile television or cell phone. Effect on existing analog technology Television sets with only analog tuners cannot decode digital transmissions. When analog broadcasting over the air ceases, users of sets with analog-only tuners may use other sources of programming (e.g. cable, recorders) or may purchase set-top converter boxes to tune in the digital signals. In the United States, a government-sponsored coupon was available to offset the cost of an external converter box. Analog switch-off (of full-power stations) took place on June 12, 2009 in the United States, July 24, 2011 in Japan, August 31, 2011 in Canada, February 13,

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City, Philippines

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

2012 in Arab countries, and is scheduled for 2012 in the United Kingdom and Ireland, by 2013 in Australia, by 2015 in the Philippines and Uruguay and by 2017 in Costa Rica.

Digital television in the Philippines In the Philippines, Digital television broadcasts can be received through digital cable and direct broadcast satellite. Digital terrestrial television (DTT) services are currently in development by the major broadcasting companies of the Philippines. Currently using the American NTSC standard for analog television, the National Telecommunications Commission officially announced in June 2010 that DTT in the Philippines would utilize the Japanese ISDB-T standard, and issued a circular stating that the country's broadcasters must discontinue their analog services by the transition deadline of 11:59 p.m. (Philippine Standard Time, UTC+8) on December 31, 2015. The commission will be using the ultra-high frequency television channels from 14 to 51 between 470-698 megahertz for digital terrestrial television broadcast service and deliberating channels 14 to 20 (470-512 Mhz) which is currently being used for fixed/mobile services. However, before the official announcement, several broadcasters performed trial broadcasts using DVB-T. Preparation for the transition to digital television commenced with an issuance of Executive Order 546, series of 1979 and Republic Act 3846 or the Radio Control Law as amended by the local governing body for broadcast services, the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) and adopted the said order to promulgate rules and regulations in order to facilitate the entry of digital broadcast services in the Philippines and implement a specific standard for the delivery of DTT services. Subsequently organizing two technical working groups for the purpose of directing the governing body in the selection of appropriate DTT standard and upon the commendation of investors in the broadcast business, comprising the local broadcasters group, the Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas, the NTC issued Memorandum Circular 02-062010 on June 11, 2010 implementing the standard for digital terrestrial television broadcast service. Digital terrestrial television broadcasting systems by country. While the NTC has currently selected ISDB-T as its DTV standard, it is evaluating DVB-T2 as an alternate option Deployment Terrestrial

ABS-CBN: ABS-CBN Corporation announced its plans to spend Php500 million for its fractional relocation from analog to digital terrestrial television technology and currently testing its DTT service and once migrated, it would offer 14 to 15 channels in addition to its ABS-CBN and Studio 23 brands. Its early test, ABS-CBN will be using its analog and digital services for more than 1,000 households in the Philippines. ABS-CBN started laying its foundation for digital broadcast as early as 2007. On April 4, 2011, ABS-CBN revealed that its digital service is completed ahead from its original schedule and it can launch five premium channels on free-to-air TV via digital television as soon as the local regulator finalizes its implementing rules and regulations regarding digital terrestrial television broadcast. ABS-CBN will be using ultra-high frequency channel 35 (596602 MHz) for its ISDB-T test, and channel 51 (692698 MHz), which is previously used for testing for its DVB-T. Their initial test was conducted in areas of Valenzuela, Bulacan, Rizal, Cavite and Laguna. In November 2010, ABS-CBN begin rolling out its digital broadcast in 17 cities in Metropolitan Manila including selected areas in Bulacan and

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City, Philippines

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

Pampanga. ABS-CBN allocated Php1 billion to migrate its analog service to digital terrestrial television broadcast.

PTN: The state broadcaster People's Television Network began DTT trials using ISDB-T in 2009 using channel 48. In 2011, the Japanese government donated additional equipment to the network in order to approve its digital services. PTN is also planning to operate an emergency notification system using the digital platform. ABC: ABC Development Corporation, operator of TV5 will use ISDB-T for its DTT trials; a simulcast of DWET-TV on DWDZ-TV. Stressing the importance of the transition, the broadcaster plans to migrate DWET-TV to digital as soon as possible. GMA: GMA Network, Inc. is presently applying for a digital television license from the NTC to install and maintain transmitting stations that will be attuned with and utilize to offer digital terrestrial television and digital mobile TV broadcast services, using channel 27. Areas planned for a temporary digital broadcast will cover the cities of Quezon City, Makati, Pasig, Tagaytay, and Angeles in Pampanga; and areas like Ortigas, Cavite, and Calumpit in Bulacan. GMA has also been vocal about the NTC's choice of format for digital television recently suggesting to the NTC that it should examine the possibility of using DVB-T2 due to its better quality instead of ISDB-T, which it began to do on March 27, 2011. Eagle Broadcasting Corporation: In partnership with the Christian Era Broadcasting Service, the companies launched the first digital television station in the country, DZCETV, GEMNET, in 2007. Initially broadcasting in DVB-T, it shifted to using ISDB-T in 2009. BEAM: Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media, Inc., owned by a joint consortium led by Bethlehem Holdings, Inc., an investee of Globe Telecom Retirement Fund through its holding company HALO Holdings Inc. (which owns 39 percent of Altimax Broadcasting Company), applied for digital broadcast using the European standard, the DVB-T digital broadcast. The station uses the frequency of UHF Channel 31, which is currently airing The Game Channel/CHASE.

Cable

SkyCable: In October 2010, SkyCable announced it would migrate at least 80% of its subscribers in Metro Manila to a digital cable platform with new Digiboxes by 2011. SkyCable allocated 20 percent of its Php1 billion capital expenditure in order to fund the migration. SkyCable adopted the DVB-C standard for its digital cable system. The new platform also allowed SkyCable to additionally introduce high definition channels to its lineup. Global Destiny Cable: In March 2009, Global Destiny Cable began to offer its own digital cable services, investing Php500 to Php700 million on headend and infrastructure updates and the distribution of digital set-top boxes for its subscribers. Parasat Cable: Parasat Cable TV, the cable provider of Mindanao, introduced digital cable in July 2009. It has rolled out its services to Cagayan de Oro City; municipalities of Opol and Tagoloan; in Malaybalay and San Carlos, Negros Occidental; Ginoog City; municipalities of Balingasag, Don Carlos and Valencia City, Bukidnon; and, the east and west sides of Misamis Oriental.

Satellite

Cignal Digital TV: Cignal Digital TV and its parent company MediaScape (which is owned by the PLDT) invested Php1.5 billion in the implementation of its digital satellite TV services. Cignal uses the DVB-S2 standard for its digital satellite platform.

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City, Philippines

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

Developments

July 2007. Television firms who plan to broadcast digital terrestrial television services to television and other communication devices cannot implement such as the commission is revising its guidelines on digital television programming. However, the commission allows broadcast firms to test its system while waiting for the implementing rules and regulations (IRR). The development comes in light with telecom company, Smart Communications Inc. through its MediaQuest Holdings, Inc. for its myTV service. The commission reiterates in the absence of IRR, the telecom company cannot charge the service being offered to its subscribers. June 2009. In formulating the transition from analog television broadcast to digital terrestrial television (DTT) transmission in the Philippines and to guide the commission in outlining the planned implementing rules and regulations for the enactment of DTT service, ultra-high frequency television channels 14 to 51 (470-698 Mhz) will be assigned to the DTT Broadcast Service and deliberating further channels 14 to 20 (470-512 Mhz) which is currently being used by Fixed and Mobile Service. On June 24, 2009, the local unit of the commission, the Frequency Management Division is assigned to formulate a frequency allocation plan for the effective transmission of appropriate users of channels 14 to 20. February 2010. The Philippines is anticipated to deferment its planned analog television signal automatic switch-off in 2015 due to technicalities in implementing an official digital terrestrial television platform. While other members of Association of Southeast Asian Nations cooperatively accepted the digital video broadcasting-terrestrial or the DVB-T as its favored standard, the Philippines have not adopted any platform. February 2011. The National Telecommunications Commission plans to implement the digital terrestrial television service in select key cities in the Philippines in 2012. The governing body desires the transition be implemented gradually. The technical working group has yet not classified where the transition will take place. Key cities in the Philippines are being considered but in the absence of an implementing rules and regulations, the digital terrestrial television service may not be fully consummate to the viewing public. While the transition will be made progressively, broadcasting networks can still convey analog television service although DTT is being rationalized in other areas. Meanwhile, the commission set an 85 percent compliance rate before it consider terminating all analog signals for broadcast transmission. December 2010. The governments of Japan and the Philippines reached a collaboration decision in adopting a memorandum of cooperation resulting in the commissions earlier pronouncement to use the Japaneses Integrated Services Digital Broadcast-Terrestrial platform for digital terrestrial television broadcast standard for the Philippines. According to the Commission on Information and Communications Technology, the Japanese government is keen on guiding Filipino counterpart to the technology. The Philippine government also requested its counterpart to shoulder the cost of set-top boxes and also deliberating in rescheduling the compulsory switchover from analog transmission to digital broadcast from an earlier target. March 2011. The National Telecommunications Commission asked to reevaluate the platform to be used for the Philippines digital television broadcast. The regulator is studying the possible implementation of a newer platform, the European secondgeneration Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T2) substituting the Japanese Integrated Services Digital Broadcast-Terrestrial (ISDB-T) standard that the commission adopted earlier and was the basis of creating implementing rules and regulations for digital broadcast. Experts announced the DVB-T2 is more superior to its Japanese counterpart. Broadcasting firms, GMA Network, Inc. and TV5 conveyed their support to reevaluate its earlier decision to adopt ISDB-T platform. The commission adopted the ISDB-T primarily owing in terms of affordability.

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City, Philippines

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

April 2011. One of Philippines broadcasting firm, ABS-CBN Corporation criticized the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) for conveying varied indications on the Philippines official stand on digital television standard. The firm panned the commission on its incompetence in supporting its initial pronouncement to implement Japanese digital television standard, the Integrated Services Digital Broadcast-Terrestrial (ISDB-T). In 2010, the commission officially led the digital television period in the Philippines and releases a memorandum circular agreeing the use of ISDB-T as the standard digital platform. But in recent developments, the commission is considering the European digital television platform, the European Digital Video Broadcast-Terrestrial (DVB-T). According to the commission, the European platform is more superior to its Japanese counterpart. May 2011. Television companies in the Philippines have supported the local governing body to reevaluate the digital television standard to be used, and the attempt to reconsider the advancement of the Japanese technology (ISDB-T) over the newer version of the European digital television platform. Broadcasting companies initiated to delay the switchover provided the technology will be used is far more advanced than the initial digital standard adopted on June 11, 2010. GMA Network, Inc. and TV5 agreed to do comparative tests with the European and Japanese standard. Currently, the commission is simultaneously drafting the implementing rules and regulations for digital terrestrial television broadcast under the Japanese platform and reviewing the DVB-T2 European standard. August 2011. Philippine local agency, the National Telecommunication Commission has finalized its evaluation on the chosen standard for the digital terrestrial television (DTT) broadcast service in the Philippines. The commission adopted the Japans Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Television (ISDB-T) standards over its European counterpart, the Digital Video Broadcasting-Television (DVB-T2).

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City, Philippines

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

ISDB-T System

What is ISDB-T ISDB (Integrated Digital Services Digital Broadcasting) is a new type of digital broadcasting intended to provide audio, video, and multimedia services. T is Terrestrial. ISDB-T system was developed by the Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) in Japan. ISDB-T is one of ISDB family. ISDB-T uses a modulation method referred to as Band Segmented Transmission (BST) OFDM

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City, Philippines

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

Features of ISDB-T System

ARIB Technical Reports (published in June, 2007) ISDB-T (Integrated Service Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial) has been developed and now on service in Japan, and adopted by Brazil. ISDB-T proves best performances in Japanese DTTB service for more than 3 years. Since Dec. 2003, start of Japanese DTTB service, DTTB service is rapidly migrated because of its advantages, and new service, named "One-seg", portable reception service in same channel, has been started from April 2006. But, because of late start of ISDB-T, ISDB-T is not so popular in the world, so, we will submit this technical report to South America countries to understand the ISDB-T system and its advantages on technical aspect.

Comparison of 3 DTTB systems Now, 3 major DTTB( Digital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting) systems exist.

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City, Philippines

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

These are called: (1) ATSC: Advanced Television System Committee, Developed in USA, and now used. (2) DVB-T: Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial, developed in EU, and now used. ISDB-T: Integrated Service Digital Broadcasting Terrestrial, developed in Japan and now (3) used in Japan and Brazil. Structure of Japan's Digital Broadcasting system structure of technical standard for digital broadcasting 1. Generally speaking, Digital broadcasting system is composed by 3 functional blocks, (1)Source coding block, (2)Multiplex block, and (3)transmission coding block. About ISDB-T transmission system 2. Japanese digital terrestrial broadcasting system adopts excellent technologies for transmission system. Outline of transmission parameter 3. ISDB-T transmission system has a flexibility for the purpose of broadcasting service. ARIB Standards and Technical Reports ARIB Standards for Digital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting For the details of structure of technical standard and relationship between each standards, see "Structure of Japan's digital broadcasting" Harmonization Documents ISDB-T International Harmonization Documents (ABNT - ARIB - SBTVD Joint Documents) Reference for characterizing of the specifications of Brazilian and Japanese digital terrestrial TV standards. Summary: ISDB-T has technological advantages in mobile reception because of Frequency and Time Interleaving ISDB-T is moreflexible in broadcasting services through hierarchical transmission HDTV/SDTVand mobile servicecan be transmitted simultaneously without the need for additional infrastructure. 1-segment servicefor handheld receivers Automotive HDTV systemusing diversity reception technology The same HDTV/SDTV program transmitted for fixed receiver can also be viewed inside a motor vehicle EWS(Emergency Warning System) Handheld receivers woken up by EWS signal alerts the user quickly of earthquake and tsunami warnings SFN for efficient frequency utilization Data broadcasting Has higher reception probability than other OFDM standard