Ejectors

A vacuum producing device, without any moving part, which uses high velocity steam as a motive fluid. The design of the unit is extremely critical in view of the large steam consumption and requirement of high levels of vacuum. Based on the collaborative work at Central Mechanical Engineering Institute, Durgapur; mathematical model for the steam jet ejector has been developed and successful design of commercial units undertaken by EIL. However, to further investigate and refine the design tools, a multistage high vacuum ejector system with barometric intercondensers and aftercondensers capable of operating near the industrial throughput has been installed. Salient features being : Suction pressure - 5 mm Hg abs Discharge pressure - 811 mm Hg abs Suction capacity - 100 kg/hr Motive steam pressure - 15 kg/cm2 g

The facility can be made available for performance evaluation of commercial ejectors designed by other organisations. Ejector Principle

Ejector Principle
Effective pumping action without moving parts To explain how an ejector operates as a vacuum pump, a simple ejector mounted on a vacuum vessel will be used. Even though an ejector operates continuously, the illustrations are broken into stages for simplicity.

STAGE 1
High pressure steam is fed, at relatively low velocity, into the motive fluid connector, 1 .

Nozzle Head (Steam Chest)

This is simply a nozzle holder. It connects the nozzle to the high pressure steam line and aligns it with the diffuser. (see Stage 3)

Motive Fluids
Steam is usually used as the motive fluid because it is readily available. However an ejector can be designed to work on other gases or vapors if their thermodynamic properties are known. Water and other liquids are sometimes good primary fluids as they condense large quantities of vapor instead of having to compress them. Liquids will also handle small amounts of non-condensable gases. (see hydro-jets)

STAGE 2
The motive high pressure steam enters the nozzle and issues into the suction head as a high velocity, low pressure jet.

Nozzle
This is a device for converting the pressure and temperature energy of high pressure steam or other fluid into velocity energy. Of course, steam will issue at a high velocity from any hole in a high pressure pipe line; but it will not be well directed nor will its energy be sufficiently developed.

Suction Head
This is the vacuum chamber and connects to the system being evacuated. The high velocity jet issues from the nozzle and rushes through the suction head.

STAGE 3
A low absolute pressure at 2 (inside suction head) entrains all of the adjacent gases in the vacuum vessel, accelerates them to a high velocity and sweeps them into the diffuser.

The Diffuser
The process in the diffuser is the reverse of that in the nozzle. It compresses a high velocity, low pressure jet stream into a high pressure, low velocity stream.

STAGE 4
In the final stage the high velocity stream, passing through the diffuser, is compressed and exhausted at the pressure of the discharge line.

A closer look at the diffuser A simple tube could be used as a diffuser but efficiency is too low for most applications. A well engineered and well made convergent-divergent diffuser will convert the velocity back into pressure with the greatest effectiveness.

In the converging section of the diffuser mixing becomes complete and there is some rise in pressure.

When a supersonic stream enters the straight section of the diffuser a very sharp rise in pressure takes place along with a slowing of the stream. This is known as compression shock. In the diverging section of the diffuser pressure is built up to the exhaust line and velocity is lowered to where it is just sufficient to keep the mass moving

JET-VAC Steam Jet Vacuum Ejector

Any compressible gas or a liquid may be used as the motive force

JET-VAC ejectors act as pumps without moving parts to create a predefined vacuum. No vacuum device is more reliable or requires less attention and maintenance cost than the JET-VAC ejector device. The JET-VAC designs are simple, afford flexibility in achieving very low vacuum levels, operate unattended, and offer exceptionally long service life. A JET-VAC ejector operates by the conversion of steam pressure energy (any compressible gas or a liquid can provide this motive force) into a comparatively higher velocity, which entrains and accelerates the gasses on the suction side of the device to create a vacuum. The structural design of the device defines its performance. This principle can be combined in a single stage device or multiple-stage devices linked together to achieve specific vacuum performance objectives.

Type S-20 Carbon steel nozzle head, cast iron diffuser and suction head

JET-VAC Ejector Advantages

Reliability, simplicity, long service life Low first cost Low cost of maintenance Flexibility of design Low design vacuum possible Corrosion resistance material of construction Spare parts Component or skid systems Fast delivery

Available Sizes

1 Motive steam inlet, max steam consumption in lbs/hr 2 Suction size 3 Discharge size 2 3

TYPE S-10 S-20 S-30 S-40 S-60

A 11 1/4" 14 5/8" 21 5/8" 28 7/8" 43 3/8"

B 4 1/4" 4 3/4" 5 1/2" 6 1/4" 7 3/4"

C 5 1/4" 5 5/8" 6 1/4" 7 3/8" -

WGT (lbs) 45 65 105 160 250

160 275 620 1100 2500

1 1/2" 2" 3" 4" 6"

More Information
Learn the principle behind a steam jet ejector. Artisan can provide you with a free cost and design analysis of your ejector needs. Just fill out an ejector design inquiry request form and press the submit button to transmit your requirements to us. If you would like more information on this item or on any of Artisan's other products, please fill out a information request form. If your needs are more immediate, please phone Carey Houmiller at 781.893.6800 x274 or fax him at 781.647.0143 or send email to choumiller@artisanind.com