1. Gamma emmission is usually preceded by emission of a. An alpha particle b. a beta particle c. a neutron particle 2.

The unit of a activity is: a. Curie b. Rem c. Rantegen d. None d. either an alpha or a beta

3. What naturally occuring radioisotope has been used for radiography? a. Co 60 b. Cs 137 c. Ra 226 d. Ir 192

4. which of the following has the most penetrating gamma rays? a. Co -60 b. Cs 137 c. Ir 192 d. Tm - 170

5. which of the following particles or rays have the highest ionizing effect in air? a. Beta particles b. Alpha particles c. Neutrons d. Gamma & X rays

6. Most dangerous isotope which is enter into the body a. Beta particles b. Neutrons c. Alpha particle d. Gamma & X rays

7. The most common source of electrons in high vaccum X-ray tube is: a. reflection from the anode b. The heated cathode c. The heated anode d. Tungsten target 8. The agent that actually exposes a photographic grain (film) is: a. gamma b Alpha .c. electrons d. Protons

9. Distance is an effective means of external radiation protection because a. air absorption reduces the radiation intensity b. radiation intensity varies inversely as the square of the distance c. X rays and gamma rays have a finite range d. the wavelength of the photons is decreased by their interaction with matter

10.

Cold shut is a : a. welding discontinuity b. forging discontinuity c. machining discontinuity d. casting discontinuity

11..

Incomplete penetration is found in : a. castings b. Rolled plates c. bars and rods d. welds

12. The penetrameter is used to: a. determine the size of cracks and pores that can be detected b. determine the crack depths that can be detected c. determine critical flaw size d. indicate the quality of the radiographic technique 13. The sharpness of outline in a radiographic image is referred to as: a. definition b. Sensitivity c. Latitude d. Contrast

14. The difference between densities of two adjacent areas on a radiography is called: a . sensitivity b. radiographic contrast c. definition d. all of the above 15. Physical damage to the film emulsion caused by sudden extreme temperature change is referred to as:

a. reticulation

b. Friling

c. Blisters

d . Streaks

16. The most commonly used acid in preparing stop baths to arrest the development process is a. sulphuric b. Glacial acetic c. Muriatic d. hydrochloric

17. The function of the developer is to a. stop the process c. Recover silver silver b. Harden the emulsion d. Change exposed silver halide crystals to metallic

18. The most important function of the fixer is to: a. neutralize alkali from developer b. Remove undeveloped silver salt c. increase density d. harden the emulsion

19. Wetting agents are used primarily as a deterent for: a. reticulation b. Change in density c. Water spots d. frilling

20. Lead screens are used to improve the quality of radiographs by: a. controlling scatter radiation from the specimen b. Minimizing backscatter radiation c. both d. None of the above

21. By increasing the source-to-film distance in a given exposure., the image sharpness is: a. increased amount b. Decreased c. Not affected d. Decreased by a negligible

22.The image sharpness of an object may be affected by: a. type of film b. Type of screen c. Radiation quality d. All of the above

23.The following radioisotopes are produced by neutron bombardment in nuclear reactions : a b c d Cobalt 60 Cesium 137 Iridium 192 Both a and c

24. Approximately how long would it take place for a 20 curie Co 60 source to 2.5 curie? a . 5.3 Years b. 5.3 Days

c. 10.6 Years d. 15.9 Years

25.The focal spot should be as small as possible, because there is a definite relationship between focal spot size and which of the following?

a. Radiographic contrast b. Total radiation output c. Subject contrast d.

Radiographic definition 26. If it were necessary to radigraph a 7-inch thick steel product, which of the following gamma-ray sources would most likely be used? a. C0 60 b. Th 170 c. Ir 192 d. Cs 137

27.The absorption of gamma rays from a given source when passing through matter depends on: a. the atomic number, density, and thickness of the matter b. the Youngs modulus value of the matter c. the Poissons ratio value of the matter. d. the specific activity value of the source. 28.The velocity of electrons striking the target in an X-ray tube is a function of: a. the atomic number of the cathode material. b. the atomic numbger of the filament material. c. the voltage difference between the cathode and anode. d. the current flow in the rectifier circuit. 29. In an X-ray tube, the filament and focusing cup are the two essential parts of the a. Anode b. Cathode c. Rectifier d. X-ray transformer

30.Which of the following isotopes has the longest half-life? a. Th 170 b. Co 60 c. Ir 192 d. Cs - 137

31.The kilovoltage applied to an X-ray tube affects:

a. the intensity of the beam

b. The quality of the beam

c. Both

d. None

32.Almost all gamma radiography is preferred with: a. natural isotopes b. Ir 192 & Co 60 c. Radium d.Th - 170

33.Lead screens are put in direct contact with the film to : a. Increase the photographic action on the film. b. Absorb the longer wavelength scattered radiation c. Intensify the photographic effect of the primary more than the scattered Radiation d. All of the above are correct answers

34.The most commonly used targeet material in an X-ray tube is: a. copper b. Carbon c. Carbide d. Tungsten

35. The X-ray absorption of a specimen depends on: a. the thickness and density of the material material c. Both 36.The developer solution is a. acid b. Alkaline c. Saline d. colloidal d. None b. The atjomic number of the

37.The quantity of radiation striking a unit area of film a. product of radiation intensity and time b. The intensity per unit of time.

c. directly proportional to intensity and inversely proportional to time d. varies exponentially with time and directly with intensity 38.One Becquerel is a .3.7 x 1010 disintegrations per second b. 1 disintegration per second c. 1 Curie d. Both A and C above 39.A qualitative term often used to indicate the size of the smallest detail which can be seen in a radiograph is:

a. sensitivity

b. Definition

c. Film Contrast

d. Subject contrast

40 The slope (steepness) of a characterstic curve is a measure of:

a. subject contrast
contrast

b. Radiographic definition

c. Radiographic contrast d. Film

1. d 11. D 21.a 31. C 41. B

.2 a. 12. D 22. D

3. c

4. A

5. B

6.c

7. B 16. B 26. A 36.a

8. C 17. D 27. a

9. B 18. B 28. C 38. B

10. B 19. C 29 . b 39.a 20. C 30 d 40. D

13. A 14. B 23. C 24. A 34. D

15. A 25. D 35.c

32. B 33.a 42.b

37.a