Manufacturing Accounts - Principles of Accounting

Manufacturing Accounts - Principles Of Accounting
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Principles Of Accounting
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Manufacturing Accounts
The businesses which produce and sell the items prepare the following accounts at the end of its accounting year:a. The Manufacturing account (to calculate the total cost of production) b. The Trading and profit & loss account (to find out the net profit or loss) c. The balance sheet.(to show the financial position of the business) The total cost of production = Prime cost + Factory overhead The Prime cost = Direct material + Direct labour + Direct expenses Direct material cost = Opening stock of raw materials + purchase of raw materials + Carriage inwards returns outwards closing stock of raw materials. Factory overhead expenses = All expenses related to the factory (indirect expenses) In a manufacturing concern, usually there are three kinds of stocks: Stock of Raw materials (the materials which are mainly used for production of the item) Stock of Work in progress (the materials on which some work process have been completed)
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Stock of Finished goods (The materials on which all the production processes are completed and for sale to the customers) In the examination questions, the stock figures will be given separately. ready The format of a manufacturing account
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Format of trading account of a manufacturing concern
The profit & loss account and the balance sheet preparations will be the same as that of a sole traders. So the students have to follow the previous method for the preparation of these.
Fixed expenses and Variable expenses Some expenses will remain constant whether the level of activity increases or falls. These expenses are called fixed expenses E.g. rent of building The expenses which change with changes in activity are called variable expenses E.g: cost of materials. Key points:
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Carriage on raw materials means carriage inwards and it is a part of prime cost. Carriage outwards is shown in the profit & loss account as an expense. Royalties paid is to be treated as direct expense. Depreciation on Plant and Machinery or any other factory asset is to be treated as factory overhead expense. Stocks of raw materials and work-in-progress are taken in the manufacturing account and stock of finished goods is taken in the trading account. Stocks at the end of the year (raw materials, work-in-progress and finished goods) are shown in the balance sheet as current assets. Owners raw materials drawings are shown in the manufacturing account while calculating the prime cost. Finished goods drawings are shown in the trading account while calculating the cost of goods sold.
direct expense. Unit cost of production = Total cost of production Manufacturing profit C.Net profit in a manufacturing account? A Factory power C Carriage inwards on raw materials Q 3. Prime cost includes B. Factory indirect wages D. Work in progress D. Cost of productionQ 2.
The purchase of finished goods is added with cost of production in the trading account. The depreciation of any asset used in the office should be shown as an expense in the profit & loss account. Cost of ready made items bought for the production of items manufactured should be treated as
No of units produced MCQ.Q 1. The purpose of preparing the manufacturing account is to calculate:A. Gross profit B. What does production cost include
B. Purchase of raw materials D. All of these
A. Factory direct wages C. Finished goods Q 4.
The costs of a manufacturing firm are as follows: $ 5000 3000 7000 2000
Raw materials purchasedDirect LabourCost of Raw material consumedFactory overheads
What was the prime cost? A. $10000 Q 5. B. $15000 C. $12000 D. $17000 Prime cost In a Manufacturing account is equal to B. All factory costs D. Direct materials plus direct expenses A. All factory indirect costs B. Direct factory costs only Q 6. Carriage outward in manufacturing concern is included in which heading? B. Factory overhead expenses D. Selling and distribution expenses A. Direct expenses C. Administrative expenses Q 7.
Which of the following is not included in the Manufacturing account? B. Depreciation on factory machinery The following table $ 1200
A. Foremans wages
C. Indirect wages D. Depreciation on office equipmentQ 8. shows the cost incurred for the production of an item.Direct materials Direct wages $ 700 Manufacturing expenses Factory overhead expenses $ 100 $ 300
What is the amount of prime cost? A. $ 2300 Q 9. B. $ 2 000 C. $ 1 700 D. $ 3 000
How is the production cost calculated in a manufacturing account?
A. Prime cost + administrative expenses B. Prime cost + administrative expenses C. Prime cost + Factory overhead expenses D. Raw materials + direct labour. Q 10. Which on of the following is not factory overhead expense? B. Carriage on raw materials D. Factory power
A. Wages of cleaners C. Factory lighting Q 11. Which are the stock figures shown in the manufacturing account? B. Finished goods only A. Finished goods and raw materials
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Assignment questions Q1) Zena owns a small manufacturing business. The following balances were taken from her books on 30 June 2001: $ Stocks 1 July Raw materials Finished goods Stocks 30 June 2001: 2000 23 300 28 500
Raw materials 25 700 Finished goods 21 500 Purchases of raw materials Carriage on sales Carriage on raw materials Selling expenses Bad debts Factory overheads Depreciation of factory equipment Factory direct expenses Factory wages 265 500 3 300 3 100 3 500 500 30 300 14 000 4 000 100 000
Select the appropriate balances and prepare the Manufacturing account for the year Ended 30 June 2001. Show clearly within the account: cost of raw materials consumed, prime cost, cost of production
Q2) Justine is a manufacturer of beauty products. The following balances were extracted from her books on 31 December 2001 after the Manufacturing Account had been prepared. $ $ Stocks Raw Materials (31 December 2001) Work in Progress (31 December 2001) Finished Products (1 January 2001) Cost of products manufactured Sales of finished goods Carriage on sales Advertising Sales staffs commission Office expenses Bank charges Plant and machinery Provision for depreciation on Plant and Machinery Trade debtors Trade creditors Provision for doubtful debts (1 January 2001) Bad debts Cash in hand Bank overdraft Capital Drawings 3 250 214 300 The following additional information is available. 214 300 460 90 1 740 60 450 13 600 5 210 310 1 230 3 410 8 970 11 860 60 51 410 9 030 3 530 1 450 11 200 103 780 137 560
1. Stock of finished products at 31 December 2001 was valued at $10 640. 2. During the year, Justine took finished products valued at $600 from the current years production for personal use. No entries had been made in the books.
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3. Sales staffs commission outstanding amounted to $390. 4. The provision for doubtful debts is to be adjusted to 5% of debtors. 5. $50 for bank charges had not been recorded in the books.
(a) Prepare Justines Trading and Profit and Loss Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2001. (b) Prepare the Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2001.
Q:3 Allocate the following costs to Manufacturing account and Income statement
a) Eg:Factory rent Production supervisors salary Manufacturing account b) c) Insurance of factory building Depreciation of office photocopier d) e) g) h) i) Revenue commission Raw material purchased f) Advertising Manufacturing Electricity Carriage on Revenue Carriage on raw materials j) Bad debts
Q:4 Farhad owns a small workshop and he makes iron gates. The following information was taken from the books on 31 December 2009. 1 January 2010 31 December 2010
$ 22,400 14,400 20,700 20,000
Inventories Raw materials Finished goods
Purchases of raw materials Carriage on Revenue Carriage on raw materials Workshop wages Sales staff wages Raw materials returned to suppliers Workshop light and heat Workshop general expenses Depreciation of workshop equipment Revenues from finished goods 172,100 4,200 3,200 75,600 42,100 700 9,200 16,900 9,600 366,000
REQUIRED: a) Select the appropriate balances and prepare the Manufacturing Account for the year ended 31 December 2010. b) Q:5 The following information for the year ended 31 December 2008 is extracted from the books of Sammad, the owner of a small fruit juice-bottling factory: 1 January 2010 31 December 201 Prepare the Income statement for the year ended 31 December 2010.
$ Inventories Ingredients (Bulk Orange Juice) Empty Bottles and Labels Bottled Fruit Juice Purchases of:
950 260
1,070 230
3,900 4,300
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Ingredients (Bulk Orange Juice) Bottles and Labels Revenue of Bottled Fruit Juice Factory Wages Supervisors Salary Factory indirect expenses Depreciation of Plant and Machinery You are required to prepare
13,400 1,270 71,400 23,430 5,200 2,690 1,700
2. The income statement for the year ended 31 December 2010 of Preserves Ltd, manufacturers of jam and fruit juices. 1 October 2002 $ Inventories: raw materials jars, lids and labels finished goods 30 September 2003 $ 6 800 10 400 21 000 6 400 10 000 21 600
1. The Manufacturing Account showing clearly cost of raw materials consumed, prime cost and cost of production.
Q:6 The following information for the year ended 30 September 2003 was extracted from the books
Purchases: raw materials jars, lids and labels
70 600 17 000
Revenues Factory wages Factory light and power
365 000 36 800 29 200
Factory machines repairs 11 400 Carriage on raw materials 11 000 Depreciation of plant and machinery 12 600 REQUIRED: (a) Prepare, in good style, the Manufacturing Account for the year ended 30 September 2003. (b) Prepare the Income statement for the year ended 30 September 2003. Incoming search terms: manufacturing account manufacturing accounts format for manufacturing account format of a manufacturing account manufacturing profit and loss account manufatrring accoint format opening stock of raw materials in p&l account profit and loss manufacturing account stock material loss account trading account format for manufacturer
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