State of Water Resources Management

By: Buenaventura B. Dargantes Cheryl C.
Batistel
Institute for Strategic Reseach and Development Studies Visayas State University City of Baybay, Leyte
Contributors:
Mary Ann B. Manahan Carmina Flores-Obanil

Focus on the Global South Philippines Diliman, Quezon City
and
Elvira Balalad
Pambansang Koalisyon ng Kababaihan sa Kanayunan (PKKK) Quezon City
Institute for Strategic Research and Development Studies

Visayas State University, 6521-A Baybay City, Philippines
Objectives
The research attempted to collate and integrate field and published materials that delved into: o the possibility to have water for all (for human use)from source to tap; the initiatives and activities that have been undertaken to achieve water for all; and
o attempted to generate recommendations and options for policy reforms and developmental initiatives for the management of water resources and the delivery of water services
Objectives
More specifically, this report intended to: o determine the status of water resources availability in the Philippines;
o analyze selected critical issues especially those pertaining to conflicts over water resources management;
o examine experiences in capacitating LGUs and communities for effective water governance; and o analyze issues affecting the various models of water resources management
Methodology
o Desktop Research and Literature Review o The Development Round-Table Series (DRTS) o Contributions from Members of the Thematic Working Group (TWG) o Sub-National Substantiation of Critical Issues
o Face-to-face Interviews with Various Stakeholders

State of Water Resources Availability and Management
Global Water Resources

Water Category
Seas & Oceans Freshwater
Volume (000 km3)

1,366,000 34,000
Percent
97.59 2.41
Polar ice caps & glaciers Groundwater & soil moisture Surface water (rivers & lakes) Water in the biomass Atmospheric water Total
26,320 7,140 140 12 12 1,400,000
1.88 0.51 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 100.00
State of Water Resources Availability and Management Water Resources Profile in Asia
Subregion IRWR ARWR Water Resources Per Capita Water as of 2005 as of 2005 Dependency ARWR Poverty (cu km) (cu km) Ratio as of 2005 as of 2006 Index (cu m) as of 2002
41 682 216 221 3,441 3,888 44 4 25 4,121 4,670 7,116 62 58 55
Central Asia
East Asia
South Asia
Southeast Asia Asia
567 377
7,063 14,612
24 25
18,864 8,693
58 58

State of Water Resources Availability and Management Philippine Water Resource Base
o 421 principal river basins
o 128 proclaimed watersheds; 15,174.12 sq. km.
o 59 natural lakes
o >1000 sq. km. of freshwater swamps o >50,000 sq. km. of major groundwater reservoirs o 479 cu. km. per year of total internally renewable water resources

Profile of Proclaimed Watersheds by Region (FMB, 2008)
Region Region) Region 1 (Ilocos No. of Proclaimed Watersheds

Ilocos CAR Cagayan Valley Central Luzon NCR Southern Tagalog Bicol Western Visayas Central Visayas Eastern Visayas
Watershed Area (sq km)

61.67 1,191.14 1,192.61 2,811.91
10 7 5 25 1 19 11 9 7 9
26.59
569.08 377.25 1,317.77
1,043.81
305.99

Profile of Proclaimed Watersheds by Region (FMB, 2008)
Region
Western Mindanao Northern Mindanao Southern Mindanao
No. of Proclaimed Watersheds

4 4 3
Watershed Area (sq km)

114.56 1,149.70 78.50 2,727.59 382.41 1,823.54
Central Mindanao
Caraga ARMM
5
7 2


Profile of River Basins/Watersheds Supporting the NIS by Region
Region
Ilocos CAR Cagayan Valley Central Luzon NCR Southern Tagalog Bicol Western Visayas Central Visayas
No. of River Basins/Watersheds Supporting the NIS

13 4 8 11 0 24 7 11 2
Drainage Area (sq km)

7,044.50 5,825.00 5,243.50 2,636.10 0
4,334.01
1,375.70 3,571.16 no data 714.60
Eastern Visayas
11

Profile of River Basins/Watersheds Supporting the NIS by Region
Region
Western Mindanao
Northern Mindanao Southern Mindanao Central Mindanao Caraga ARMM
No. of River Basins/Watersheds Supporting the NIS

3
4 8 9 6 1
Drainage Area (sq km)

1,323.60 839.50
3,161.50
4,760.15 2,080.60 185.00

Critical Issues in Water Resources Management

Issues Confronting State Instruments, Markets and Communities
o The rights of watershed communities to water resources are threatened by mining operations and mega structures. Threats come in the form of: loss of access to traditional sources of water for domestic uses, deterioration of water quality,
reduction in the volume of water available for irrigation, and losses in water yield

o In the Philippines, rice fields are irrigated by river water
the inability of farmers to adapt to reduced water budgets - irrigated paddies become unproductive; the irony would become more glaring in dams or impounding structures - built to improve the delivery of irrigation water; farmers and irrigators service organizations are obliged to repay even if the project would not result in improved productivity.


Issues Confronting State Instruments Markets and Communities
o Downstream communities are threatened by upstream industrial, domestic or agricultural pollution.
Some water utilities have been affected by fertilizer and pesticide contamination of their groundwater and surface water resources.
o Downstream communities need to organize and negotiate collectively with local governments and upstream communities to develop a plan for Integrated Water Resources Management WDs have embarked on co-management arrangements with the
DENR, LGUs, SUCs, NGOs and POs following the site-specific MOA mechanism being promoted by PAWD, LWUA and DENR


o Some coastal communities are experiencing salt water intrusion into their aquifers because of over extraction caused by unregulated commercial activities (e.g. aquaculture). Household-level pumping has contributed to salt water intrusion, but the responsibility still has to be faced by utilities for their inability to bring treated surface water to their service areas. o Areas with perennial or regular seasonal water scarcity have created institutions that help allocate water supply, and generated investments for water impoundment systems and watershed conservation programs.


Issues Confronting the Academe
Research-Teaching Interphase
o The advocacy for IWRM should include case studies that can be used as course content for diploma and/or MSc programmes allow students to gain actual experience and acquire factual evidence and enhance the level of appreciation of the alternatives being implemented students could identify factors affecting success or failure of water resources management initiatives, and determine ways to improve these and make these useful to stakeholders in the water sector


Issues Confronting the Academe
Research-Extension Interphase
o Identified initiatives should be discussed during development planning exercises for the water and sanitation sectors being undertaken by local governments, civil society organizations and community-based water service providers. o Another aspect of water governance that needs to be vigorously pursued would involve the management of trans-boundary water, river basins and/or water quality management areas.


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By: Buenaventura B. Dargantes Cheryl C.

Mary Ann B. Manahan Carmina Flores-Obanil

Institute for Strategic Research and Development Studies

o Face-to-face Interviews with Various Stakeholders

Institute for Strategic Research and Development Studies

State of Water Resources Availability and Management

Global Water Resources

Volume (000 km3)

26,320 7,140 140 12 12 1,400,000

1.88 0.51 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 100.00

Southeast Asia Asia

Institute for Strategic Research and Development Studies

State of Water Resources Availability and Management

Region Region) Region 1 (Ilocos No. of Proclaimed Watersheds

Watershed Area (sq km)

State of Water Resources Availability and Management

No. of Proclaimed Watersheds

Watershed Area (sq km)

Institute for Strategic Research and Development Studies

State of Water Resources Availability and Management

No. of River Basins/Watersheds Supporting the NIS

Drainage Area (sq km)

Institute for Strategic Research and Development Studies

State of Water Resources Availability and Management

No. of River Basins/Watersheds Supporting the NIS

Drainage Area (sq km)

Institute for Strategic Research and Development Studies

Critical Issues in Water Resources Management

Critical Issues in Water Resources Management

Institute for Strategic Research and Development Studies

Critical Issues in Water Resources Management

Institute for Strategic Research and Development Studies

Critical Issues in Water Resources Management

Institute for Strategic Research and Development Studies

Critical Issues in Water Resources Management

Institute for Strategic Research and Development Studies

Critical Issues in Water Resources Management

Institute for Strategic Research and Development Studies

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