Sei sulla pagina 1di 10

Upstream Research

CO2 Removal from Natural Gas


GCEP Energy Workshop Carbon Capture & Separation Stanford University B. T. (Rusty) Kelley 27 April 2004

Topics ExxonMobil Gas Treating Overview Membrane Separation Cyrogenic CO2 Separation Gas Injection Possible Research Directions

Upstream Research

29-Apr-04

GCEP Energy Workshop -- Carbon Capture

Gas Treating and Injection


Sweet Gas

Upstream Research

Sufur Recovery Unit AGE Unit Claus Unit


Elemental Sulfur

TGT Unit

Gas Treating
Acid Gas Injection

CO2, Residual Sulfur oxides

Sour Gas Injection

Gas Treating Solvents Chemical Physical Hybrid Membranes Cryogenic Alkaline salts Batch
29-Apr-04

Sour/Acid Gas Injection Alternative to sulfur disposal Captures other environmental benefits Can reduce life-cycle costs Potential for improved recovery

GCEP Energy Workshop -- Carbon Capture

Gas Treating
100

Upstream Research

10

%CO2

Alkaline salt Batch Hybrid Chemical Cyrogenic Membrane Physical

100 Mscfd

1000 Mscfd

0.1 0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

10

100

%H2S
29-Apr-04 GCEP Energy Workshop -- Carbon Capture 3

Inorganic Membrane Materials For CO2/CH4 Separation


Large Pore Zeolite

Upstream Research
Molecular Sieving Small Pore Zeolite

Separation Mechanisms
Competitive Sorption

Surface Functionality Determines Selectivity

Pore Size Determines Selectivity

CH4

CO2

Zeolites (MxSi1-xAlxO2)
Can operate via either mechanism Membrane fabrication challenging

Silica (SiO2)
Both separation mechanisms in play Pores have hydroxyl groups that sorb water
.05m Silica Layer Very High CO2/CH4 selctivity (>100) Water stability is an issue Porous Alumina Layer

Very high CO2/CH4 selctivity (>200) Good fouling resistance

5 m Thick DDR Zeolite Layer

Porous Alumina Support

0.5m

29-Apr-04

1 m GCEP Energy Workshop -- Carbon Capture

Porous Alumina Support


4

Cryogenic CO2 Separation


Mixture Critical Locus

Upstream Research

Pressure

100% Methane

Feed

CO2 Solidification

100% Carbon Dioxide

Temperature

29-Apr-04

GCEP Energy Workshop -- Carbon Capture

Integration with Injection


CFZ is easily integrated with acid gas injection
CFZ Dry Gas

CH4, N2

Upstream Research

PI

H2S/Sulfur
- Eliminates Claus/TGT units, sulfur blocks + Saturated sulfur markets + Slow development of alternative uses

CO2
- Some producers may have CO2 incentives - Enhanced oil recovery possible
H2S, CO2

Sweetening Process Screening

Upstream Research

100 Mscfd, 40% acid gas & 950 psig plant inlet

Capital Investment Annual Operating Cost Plant Horsepower Gas sales

Chemical 1.4 1.4 1.5 0.91

Physical1 1.3 1.19 1.41 0.93

CFZ1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

1 -- from study by independent consultant

29-Apr-04

GCEP Energy Workshop -- Carbon Capture

Acid & Sour Gas Injection


10,000 500 MW power plant flue gas

Existing, Planned, or Evaluated

Upstream Research

0.5% H2S NG 1,000 17% H2S 4% H2S 500 MW power plant CO2 N2 17% H2S 28% H2S

Rate, Mscfd

N2, NG 100 65% H2S 1% H2S

10

20% H2S
Typical sour / acid gas projects (most in USA & Canada)

Blue -- Acid gas Red -- Sour gas Green -- N2, NG

1 0
29-Apr-04

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000
58 tons CO2/Mscf

12,000
8

Pressure, psig
GCEP Energy Workshop -- Carbon Capture

Possible Research Directions for CO2 Capture

Upstream Research

GCEP goal: Identify and conduct fundamental, pre-commercial research to overcome barriers that will allow technology options to become commercially viable Challenge: Make electric power production with low specific CO2 emissions cost competitive assuming no nonmarket incentives Fundamental not incremental Economically competitive not just improved economically Leveraged and integrated with best efforts to date that have identified and evaluated CO2 capture technologies Applicable to multiple future scenarios

29-Apr-04

GCEP Energy Workshop -- Carbon Capture

Potrebbero piacerti anche