Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
religion, is used in the Mundaka Upanishad and thus likely dates to Mauryan times. The Vedanga Jyotisha redacted by Lagadha dates to the Mauryan period, with rules for tracking the motions of the Sun and the Moon. The documented history of Jyotisha begins with the interaction of Indian and Hellenistic cultures in the Indo-Greek period. The oldest surviving treatises, such as the Yavanajataka or the BrihatSamhita, date to the early centuries CE. The oldest astrological treatise in Sanskrit is the Yavanajataka ("Sayings of the Greeks"), a versification by Sphujidhvaja in 269/270 CE of a now lost translation of a Greek treatise by Yavanesvara during the 2nd century CE under the patronage of the Western Satrap Saka king Rudradaman I. The first named authors writing treatises on astronomy are from the 5th century CE, the date when the classical period of Indian astronomy can be said to begin. Besides the theories of Aryabhata in the Aryabhatiya and the lost Arya-siddhnta, there is the Pancha-Siddhntika of Varahamihira. The main texts upon which classical Indian astrology is based are early medieval compilations, notably the Bhat Parara Horstra, and Srval by Kalyavarman. The Horashastra is a composite work of 71 chapters, of which the first part (chapters 1-51) dates to the 7th to early 8th centuries and the second part (chapters 52-71) to the later 8th century. The Srval likewise dates to around 800 CE.[ English translations of these texts were published by N.N. Krishna Rau and V.B. Choudhari in 1963 and 1961, respectively. Historically, the study of astrology in India was an important factor in the development of astronomy in the Early Middle Ages.
Elements
Vargas
Main article: Varga (astrology) There are sixteen varga (Sanskrit: varga, 'part, division'), or divisional, charts used in Jyotisha:[6] Varga Rasi Hora Drekkana Chaturtamsha Trimshamsha Saptamsha Navamsha Dashamsha Dwadashamsha Divisor Chart Purpose 1 D-1 Natal chart 2 D-2 Overall wealth 3 D-3 Siblings 4 D-4 Properties 5 D-5 Morals, ethics, spiritual values 7 D-7 Children 9 D-9 Spouse, Etc. 10 D-10 Earning Career 12 D-12 Parents, Grandparents
Vehicles Upasana-s, Sdhana-s Education (higher) Vitality Quality of life (From here on out,the birth time must be absolutely precise of D-45 the divisional chart is incorrect!!) D-60 Used to differentiate between twins, etc, etc.
North Indian
South Indian
Abbreviation Gender Guna Sy or Su Ch or Mo Ma Bu or Me Gu or Ju Sk or Ve Sa M F M N M F M M M Sattva Sattva Tamas Rajas Sattva Rajas Tamas Tamas Tamas
Rahu ( ) Ketu ( )
Planets in maximum exaltation, mooltrikona (own sign), and debilitation, are:[9] Graha Sun Moon Mars Jupiter Venus Saturn Exaltation 10 Aries 3 Taurus Mooltrikona 4-20 Leo 4-20 Taurus 16-20 Virgo 0-15 Libra Debilitation Sign Rulership 10 Libra Leo 3 Scorpio 28 Cancer 15 Pisces 27 Virgo Cancer Aries, Scorpio Gemini, Virgo Taurus, Libra Capricorn, Aquarius
Mercury 15 Virgo
Rahu and Ketu are exalted in Taurus/Scorpio and debilitated in Scorpio/Taurus respectively. They are also exalted in Gemini and Virgo. The natural planetary relationships are: Graha Sun Moon Mars Mercury Jupiter Friends Moon, Mars, Jupiter Sun, Mercury Sun, Moon, Jupiter Sun, Venus Sun, Moon, Mars Neutral Mercury Venus, Saturn Mars, Jupiter, Saturn Saturn Enemies Venus, Saturn Mercury Moon Mercury, Venus
Venus Saturn
Vabha "bull" Taurus ( "bull") Mithuna "twins" Karka "crab" Siha "lion"
Cancer ( "crab") Jala (Water) Leo ( "lion") Tejas (Fire) Prithivi Kany "girl" Virgo ( "virgin") (Earth) Tula "balance" Libra ( "balance") Vayu (Air) Vcika Scorpio (o Jala (Water) "scorpion" "scorpion") Sagittarius ( Dhanus "bow" Tejas (Fire) "archer") Makara "sea- Capricorn ( Prithivi monster" "goat-horned") (Earth) Kumbha Aquarius ( Vayu (Air) "pitcher" "water-pourer") Mna "fish" Pisces ( "fish") Jala (Water)
The zodiac signs in Jyotisha correspond to parts of the body:[12] Sign Mesha (Aries) Vrisha (Taurus) Mithuna (Gemini) Karka (Cancer) Simha (Leo) Kanya (Virgo) Part of Body head mouth arms two sides heart digestive system
Tula (Libra)
umbilical area
Vrikchika (Scorpio) generative organs Dhanu (Sagittarius) thighs Makara (Capricorn) knees Kumbha (Aquarius) Lower part of legs Meena (Pisces) feet
Jupiter, Mercury, wealth, family relationships, eating habits, speech, Venus, Sun, Moon eyesight, death Mars Moon Jupiter Mars, Saturn Venus, Jupiter mind, written communication, environment, younger siblings, short journeys inner life, emotions, home, property education, mother creativity, children, spiritual practices, punya acute illness, injury, openly known enemies, litigation, daily work, foreigners, service business and personal relationships, marriage, spouse, war, fighting length of life, physical death, moka, chronic illness, deep and ancient traditions luck, fortune, spirituality, dharma, guru, father
Mercury, Jupiter, Sun, dream fulfillment, knees and spine, current karmas, Saturn career, sky themes (being 12am/mid heavens Jupiter Saturn, Ketu, Rahu gains, profits from work, ability to earn money, social contexts and organizations loss, intuition, imprisonment, feet, foreign travel, moksha
Nakshatras
Nakshatra (Devanagari: , Sanskrit: nakshatra, 'star', from naksha, 'approach', and tra, 'guard') or lunar mansion is one of the 27 divisions of the sky, identified by the prominent star(s) in them, used in Jyotisha.[14]
The 27 nakshatras cover 1320 of the ecliptic each. Each nakshatra is divided into quarters or padas of 320: # Name 1 Ashvin ( ) ) ) 2 Bharan ( ) 3 Krittik ( 4 Rohini ( ) Location 0 - 1320' Aries Ruler Ketu Pada 1 Pada 2 Pada 3 Chu Che Cho Li A O Lu I Va/Ba Le U Vi/Bi Ka Pada 4 La Lo E Vu/Bu Ke
1320' - 2640' Aries Venus 2640' Aries - 1000' Sun Taurus 1000' Taurus 2320' Moon
5 Mrigashrsha ( 6 rdr ( ) )
2320' Taurus - 640' Mars Gemini 640' 2000' Rahu Gemini 2000' Gemini Jupiter 320' Cancer 320' - 1620' Cancer Saturn
Ve/Be Vo/Bo Ku Ke Hu
Ma Mi Mo Ta Te Pu Pe Ru To Sha Po Re Tu Ni Ya Yo
Prva or Prva Phalgun 1320' - 2640' Leo Venus ( ) Uttara or Uttara Phalgun 2640' Leo - 1000' 12 Sun Virgo ( ) 13 Hasta ( ) 1000' - 2320' Virgo Moon 2320' Virgo - 640' Mars Libra 640' - 2000 Libra ) Rahu 14 Chitr ( ) 15 Svt ( 16 Vishkh ( )
2000' Libra - 320' Jupiter Ti Scorpio 320' 1640' Saturn Na Scorpio 1640' Scorpio Mercury No 000' Sagittarius 000' 1320' Ketu Ye Sagittarius 1320' Sagittarius 2640' Venus
Bhu Dha
Dha Bha/Pha Ji
22 Shravana (
Ju/Khi Je/Khu Ga Gi Gu
640' 2000' 24 Shatabhish ( )or Rahu Go Sa Si Aquarius Shatataraka Prva Bhdrapad 2000' Aquarius 25 Jupiter Se So Da 320' Pisces ( ) Uttara Bhdrapad 26 320' - 1640' Pisces Saturn Du Tha Jha ( ) 1640' 3000' 27 Revat ( ) Mercury De Do Cha Pisces
Mercury 7th
4th, 7th, 8th 5th, 7th, 9th 3rd, 7th, 10th 2nd,5th,7th,9th No aspect
Horoscopy
Lagna the ascendant
Lagna (Sanskrit: lagna, 'ascendant'.) Lagna is the first moment of contact between the soul and its new life on earth in Jyotisha.[20]
Mercury 13
Panchangam
Panchangam (Sanskrit: pacgam, from panch, 'five' and anga, 'limbs'.) The panchangam is a Hindu astrological almanac that follows traditional Indian cosmology, and presents important astronomical data in tabulated form. Panchangam means five limbs, or five lights that influence every day.
In modern India
David Pingree notes that astrology and traditional medicine are the two traditional sciences that have survived best in modern India, although both have been much transformed by their western counterparts. There are a great number of contemporary publications, reflecting the persisting importance of astrology in Hindu culture, and the corresponding economical attractivity of the market in India. Notable modern authors include Sri Yukteswar Giri (18551936), Bangalore Venkata Raman (19121998), Bejan Daruwalla (b. 1931), V. K. Choudhry (b. 1951), Sanjay Rath (b. 1963) & Prash Trivedi (b. 1975).
A number of Indian universities currently offer advanced degrees in Jyotisha, including Benaras Hindu University.
Innovations
New approaches developed by Hindu astrologers in the modern epoch include the following:
New Techniques of Predictions by the late Mr. H.R.S. Iyer. In the 1960s, H.R. Seshadri Iyer, introduced a system including the yoga point, which became popular in the West. Systems' Approach for Interpreting Horoscopes by Mr. V.K. Choudhry . In the early 1990s, Indian Vedic Astrologer and Author, V.K. Choudhry introduced the Systems' Approach for Interpreting Horoscopes a simplified system of Jyotish (predictive astrology). The system, also known as "SA", helps those who are trying to learn Jyotisha. Krishnamurti Paddhati by the late Mr. K. S. Krishnamurti. The system developed by Shri Krishnamurti is mainly based on the analysis of the stars (nakshatras), by subdividing the stars in the ratio of the dasha of the concerned planets. The system is also known as "KP" and "sub theory".