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Rupa: Hi Hema, did you meet your classmate Hema: Long since I saw him.
yesterday? (îª÷Æœ î√™« ®ÓV©®·çC)
classmate
(£æ…ß˝’ Ê£«´÷, E†o †’´¤y O’ Rupa: Perhaps you saw him prior to his leaving
†’ éπL-¨»¢√?) for the states.
Hema: I did. We met yesterday after nearly five states
(•£æ›¨¡ †’´y-ûªEo èπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïx-´·çü¿’
years. She looked a little older than she is. îª÷¨»-¢Ë¢Á÷?)
(éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’. Å®·üË∞¡x ûª®√yûª E†oØË ¢Ë’ç Hema: Yes.
éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç. ûª†’ ´ßª’Ææ’ éπØ√o °ü¿l-C™« È®çúø’, ´‚úø’ lessons ™ ´’†ç degrees of
éπE-°œç-*çC.) comparison N´-®√©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç éπü∆. Ñ
Rupa: Are you the same age? lesson ™ ´’J-éÌEo N´-®√©’ îª÷ü∆lç.
(O’Jü¿lJC äÍé ´ßª’≤ƒ?) éÌEo éÌEo ≤ƒ®Ω’x comparative, positive a) My sister likes my younger brother more than I.
´’J-éÌEo comparatives ÖØ√o®·. ¢√öÀ ûª®√yûª
Hema: No, I am slightly older than her (she). degrees ™ I, we, he, she, they ¢√ú≈™«, me, sister
´÷ ûª´·t-úøçõ‰ ØËE-≠d-°æ æúË ü∆E-éπØ√o ´÷ than ®√ü¿’. to ´Ææ’hçC. Å™«çöÀ comparatives,
But now she looks older than me (I). us, him, her, them ¢√ú≈™« ÅØË confusion áèπ◊\´ É≠æd-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC (´÷ ûª´·t-úøçõ‰ Ø√éπçõ‰ ´÷ Superior (íÌ°æp), Inferior (ûªèπ◊\´), Senior
(ØËØË éÌçîÁç °ü¿l. Å®·ûË É°æ¤púø’ ûªØË Ø√éπçõ‰ ´Ææ÷h Öçô’çC. Look at the following: sister èπ◊ áèπ◊\´ É≠ædç). (´ßª’Ææ’™, ņ’-¶µº-´ç™ °ü¿l), Junior (´ßª’-Ææ’™
°ü¿lí¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’hçC.) a) Åûª†’ Ø√éπçõ‰ §Òúø’í∫’ (Comparative): b) My sister likes my younger more than me = ņ’-¶µº-´ç™ *†o), Prior (time ™ ´·çü¿’) Oô-
Rupa: What is she? He is taller than I/ me (?) ´÷ sister èπ◊ Ø√éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈ ´÷ ûª´·t-úøçõ‰ EoöÀ ûª®√yûª 'to' ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√ç. than ¢√úøç.
(Ç¢Á’ ÖüÓuí∫ç à´’Ø√o îË≤Úhçü∆?) b) Ç¢Á’-éπçõ‰ Åûª†’ *†o = áèπ◊\´ É≠ædç. a) Imported cars are superior to Indian cars
Hema: She is a government officer. He is younger than she/ her (?) c) He likes the mango more than she = ¶µ«®Ωûª 鬮Ωx éπØ√o NüËQ é¬®Ω’x ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’
Rupa: That's it. She looks older than you c) clever
¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’†-éπçõ‰ é¬ü¿’ = Éü¿l-JéÃmango Åçõ‰ É≠ædç. é¬F Ç¢Á’-éπçõ‰ Åûª-E-éÀ b) A Collector is inferior to a Chief Secretary
because of her responsibilities. They aren't cleverer than us/ we (?) -á-èπ◊\´ É≠ædç. ´·êu 鬮Ωu-ü¿Jz éπØ√o Collector ûªèπ◊\´ (£æ«Ùü∆™)
(Officer )
(ÅD Ææçí∫A. Ç¢Á’ ¶«üµ¿u-ûª© ´©x í¬ d) d) He likes the mango more than her =
Ç¢Á’-éπçõ‰ Åûª†’ °ü¿l = c) He is senior to the others in the group
Féπçõ‰ é¬Ææh °ü¿l-Cí¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’hçC) He is older than she/ her (?) Ç¢Á’-éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈, ´÷N’úÕ °æçúøç-õ‰ØË Åûª-E-éÀ≠dçæ . Ç •%çü¿ç™ Åûª†’ ´ßª’-Ææ’q™/ ņ’-¶µº-´ç™ °ü¿l.
Hema: I have responsibilities as well, as the In the sentences above, sentence *´-®Ωx™ 鬕öÀd É™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ é¬Ææh ñ«ví∫ûªh Å´-Ææ®Ωç. d) He was junior to me at College =
President of the local women's club. (a)
´’†-éÌîËa ÆæçüË-£æ…©’: ™ ¢√ú≈™«, me
I Positive™ èπÿú≈ ÅçûË.
College ™ Åûª†’ Ø√ éÀçCClass ™ ÖçúË-¢√úø’.
women's club president
(≤ƒnEéπ í¬ Ø√èπÿ ¢√ú≈™«, ™ ¢√ú≈™«, ¢√ú≈™«, (c) ™
(b) she her a) I don't like my brother as much as she =
e) Even prior to his marriage he knew the girl.
¶«üµ¿u-ûª-©’-Ø√o®·.) us ¢√ú≈™«, ¢√ú≈™«, ™ ¢√ú≈™«, her
we (d) she brother
Ç¢Á’ É≠æd-°æ-úøfçûªí¬ ؈’ ´÷ †’ É≠æd°æ-úø†’. (Åûª-EéÀ °R}éÀ °æ‹®Ωy¢Ë’ Ç Å´÷t®· ûÁ©’Ææ’)
¢√ú≈™« ÅE. b) I don't like my brother as much as I like her.
Correct í¬ Å®·ûË sentence Å®Ωnç v°æ鬮Ωç, Ñ N≠æ-ߪ÷™‰ conversation at the beginning of
´÷ brother éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈ Ç¢Á’ Åçõ‰ØË Ø√éÀ≠dçæ . the lesson ™ èπÿú≈ Öçúøôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
(a) taller than I, (b) ™ younger than she,
Positive Comparative Superlative a) I am slightly older than She/ her
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 176
(c) cleverer than we, and (d) ™ older than
Old Older Oldest b) A government officer's position is certainly
she ÅØË ®√¢√L.
Elder Eldest superior to that of a home maker.
c) A home maker is no way inferior to an official
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 177
ful. I like them. ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ NE-°œçîË ´÷ô. Å®Ωnç = ´C-™‰-ߪ’ôç, remain silent. Students silent í¬ Öçú≈-©E
(؈’ Ç N≠æߪ’ç ÅçU-éπ-Jç-’. ÅN î√™« disturb îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç, á´J ´÷Ø√† ¢√∞¡x†’ Çߪ’† °æô’d-ü¿©. (... that the students remain
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç. Ø√éÀ≠dçæ .) ´C-™‰-ߪ’ôç ÅE. silent - that clause éπü∆?)
Sekhar: Not me, any way. Why don't these lec-
turers leave us alone?
(àüË-¢Á’iØ√ Ø√èπ◊ ´÷vûªç É≠ædç-™‰ü¿’. ´’†
´÷Ø√† ´’†Lo äü¿-™Ô-aí¬.)
Venkat: Who is forcing you? I find our lecturer's
classes interesting. Infact everyone
I am not with you there
does. They feel the classes worth
a) Please leave me
attending. É™«çöÀ phrasal verbs
È®çúø’ ®Ω鬩’: d) He insists that we follow his orders.
alone. I am study-
(EØÁo-´®Ω’ •©-´ç-ûª-°-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’? ´÷ lec- 1) Phrasal verbs ™ Ö†o verb, ü∆E ûª®√y-ûª ing. = †ØÌo-C-™„ß˝’. He insists on our following his orders. ÅûªE
turer classes Ø√èπ◊ î√™« ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ-®Ωçí¬ preposition ´÷®Ω-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËN. (sit on a chair, Çïc©’ ´’†ç §ƒöÀç-î√-©E °æô’d-•-úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.
؈’ îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.
Öçö«®·. Ø√Íé-é¬ü¿’, ´÷ é¬xÆˇ™ Åçü¿-Jéà jump over the wall etc.) (Don't disturb me.) (He insists + that clause = He insists on +
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ®Ωç ÅE-°œ-Ææ’hçC.) 2) verb + preposition ´©x à®Ωp-úÕ† phrasal verb b) Leave movies ing form í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ)
Sekhar: When you attend special classes like Å®√n-EéÃ, Åçü¿’™E verb, preposition Å®√n-Eéà 2) As though/ as if =
alone. Get going
this, you are left with little time to study. áéπ\ú≈ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËN. with your studies M. SURESAN DE Å®Ωnç, Å®·-†ô’x, é¬F é¬ü¿’.
(É™« †’´¤y special classes èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡⁄hçõ‰ eg: He put off his trip. ÆœE´÷© N≠æߪ’ç You talk as if you didn't waste time at all =
Fèπ◊ îªü¿’-´¤-éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ time N’í∫-©ü¿’) (-Å-ûª-úø’ ûª† v°æߪ÷-ù«Eo ¢√®·ü∆ ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.) ´C-™‰ß˝’ (á°æ¤púø÷ ÅüËØ√?) îªü¿’´¤ Ææçí∫A †’¢ËyüÓ ÅÆæ©’ time waste îËߪ’-†õ‰x ´÷ö«x-úø-û√-
Venkat: You talk as though you didn't waste Ééπ\úÕ phrasal verb - put off. îª÷úøçúÕ. put Å®√n- îª÷Ææ’éÓ. ¢ËçöÀ? (†’´¤y time waste îË≤ƒh´¤)
time at all. EéÃ, off Å®√n-EéÃ, ¢√öÀE éπL°œ put off ÅE ¢√úÕ-†- c) Leave alone which party is good.
(†’¢Ëy-üÓ time waste îËߪ’-†ô’x ´÷ö«x-úø- Ééπ\úø 'as if' clause ™verb í∫´’-EçîªçúÕ. – did
°æ¤púø’ ü∆E Å®√n-EéÀ (¢√®·ü∆ ¢Ëߪ’ôç) áéπ\ú≈ Let's talk of something else - à §ƒKd waste (didn't waste) - past tense éπü∆. ÅD
û√-¢ËçöÀ?) Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’. É™«çöÀ phrasal verbs Å®√n-©’ ´’ç*-ü¿ØË N≠æߪ’ç ´C-™„ß˝’. ÉçÍé N≠æ-ߪ’-¢Á’iØ√
practice important. ÉC-°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω-í∫-ôç-™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd, past
Sekhar: Don't talk as if you were a sincere stu- ´©x, Åçõ‰ ¶µ«≠æûÓ ¶«í¬ °æJ-îªßª’ç ´÷ö«x-úøü∆ç. tense ´Ææ’hçC. singular subject ûÓ èπÿú≈ were
dent. °ç-éÓ-´ôç ´©xØË ûÁ©’-≤ƒh®·. ÅN ´’†ç 7) be left with/ leave with: N’í∫-©ôç (time,
spoken English ™ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ ¶µ«≠æ î√™« ´Ææ’hçC.
(†’¢ËyüÓ •’Cl¥í¬ îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊ØË Nü∆u-Jn™« money, food, etc. ™«çöÀN)
Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ Öçô’çC. ¢√öÀ™ éÌEo îª÷ü∆lç. a) He feels as if I were responsible for his
´÷ö«x-úøèπ◊.) a) There is a little milk left in the glass = glass
Now look at the following expressions troubles - ÅûªE éπ≥ƒd-©èπ◊ ØËØËüÓ é¬®Ω-ù-¢Á’i-†ô’x
Venkat: Far from that. All I wish to say is we ™ é¬Ææh §ƒ©’ N’T-™«®·.
from the conversation at the beginning of (é¬F é¬ü¿’) ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.
lose nothing if we attend extra classes. b) His work at office leaves him (with) little
the lesson. b) He behaves as though he could not get on
(Å™« ÅE ØËØËç ņ-ôç-™‰ü¿’. ؈’ time for his family
1) I got up earlier than you without servants
îÁÊ°p-ü¿™«x extra classes èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡xôç ´©x ÅûªE office °æE èπ◊ô’ç-•çûÓ í∫úø-°æ-ö«-EéÀ é¬Ææh
2) You are up so early servants
´’†ç §ÚíÌ-ô’d-éÌ-ØË-üËç-™‰-ü¿E.) time èπÿú≈ N’í∫-©aü¿’. ™‰éπ-§ÚûË •ûª-éπ-™‰-†-†oô’x v°æ´-Jh-≤ƒhúø’.
3) I am fed up with these extra classes
Sekhar: OK. OK. Have a good time in your c) Hurry up. We are left with just an hour to c) She talks as though she were born rich =
4) They rob us of our leisure finish this whole work =
class. Do by all means attend all class- ûªy®Ωí¬ é¬F. ¢Á·ûªhç- °æ¤ôd-úø¢Ë’ üµ¿E-èπ◊-®√-Lí¬ °æ¤öÀd-†ô’x ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’çC.
5) I am not with you
es and get good marks. I shall be °æE °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ’-ö«-EéÀ äéπ í∫çô ´÷vûª¢Ë’ 3) Far from it: ÉC èπÿú≈ î√™« common expres-
happy. 6) Why don't these lecturers leave us alone? N’T-LçC. sion. DE Å®Ωnç, ÉçéÌ-éπ®Ω’ îÁÊ°pC correct é¬ü¿E.
7) You are left with little time d) That leaves you with the only option of
(ÆæÍ®. ÆæÍ®. ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ¢ÁR}®√ class èπ◊. Pranav: Is he a good player?
ÅEo classes èπÿ îªéπ\í¬ ¢ÁRx ´’ç* 8) I am off going = ¢Á∞Ï} äÍé E®Ωg-ߪ’¢Ë’ Fèπ◊ N’T-LçC.
(
-Å-ûªúø’ ´’ç* -Ç-ôí¬-ú≈?)
´÷®Ω’\©’ ûÁaéÓ. ؈’ ÆæçûÓ-≠œ≤ƒh.) The word groups underlined are all 8) I am off = ؈’ ¢ÁR}§Ú-ûª’Ø√o.
phrasal verbs: Prabhat: Far from it.
Phrase= to be off.
(é¬ØË é¬ü¿’)
Venkat: Don't be cross with me, buddy, I just
1) I got up earlier than you = (Åçõ‰ äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°æ¤h-†oC, é¬ØË é¬ü¿’ ņ-ö«-EéÀ far
like to attend the class, and you don't. Féπçõ‰ ؈’ ´·çü¿’ ´’†ç ¢Á∞¡xôç éπ*a-ûª-¢Á’i†°æ¤púø’, Éçéπ ¢Á∞¡x-¶-ûª’-†o-
get up °æ¤púø’ Åçô’çö«ç. I am off. ؈’ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ¢ÁRx-§Ú- from it Åçö«ç.
That's all. ™‰î√†’. î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ Evü¿-™‰-´ôç ÅØË
Å®Ωnç™ ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç. get up ¢Ë’™\-´ôç -Å-ØË 'Is Vijayawada a cool place?
(éÓ°æp-úøèπ◊ N’vûª´÷; Ø√Íé¢Á÷ class èπ◊ wake up
ߪ÷†’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøû√ç.
¢Á∞¡xôç É≠ædç, FéÀ≠dçæ ™‰ü¿’. ÅçûË.) Å®ΩnçûÓ, éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈ áèπ◊\´ ¢√úøû√ç. É´Fo conversation ™ daily life ™ ûª®Ωîª÷ (Nï-ߪ’-¢√úø xöÀ v°æüË-¨¡´÷?)
When do you wake up everyday éπçõ‰, When NE-°œçîË expressions. ÉN ¶«í¬ practice îËÆœ far from it. (é¬ØË é¬ü¿’)
(buddy = friend)
do you get up everyday áèπ◊\´ ¢√úøû√ç. O©-®·-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x ¢√úøçúÕ. ÉN î√™« simple Ñ expressions ¶«í¬ practice îËÆœ O’ con-
Sekhar: OK.
5) I am not with you there = expressions. éπ≠dç æ é¬èπÿ-úøü¿’. It shouldn't be versation ™ ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úøçúÕ. î√™« simple í¬
Venkat: I am off (ØË ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√o), Bye. difficult.
Ç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ Øˆ’ FûÓ àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-’. effective í¬ Öçô’çC.
Divya: Does it mean you want to give up your b) He hasn't given up smoking in spite of his †’´¤y E®Ωg-®·ç--èπ◊-Ø√o´¤. Ééπ\úø verb - make
áèπ◊\´ é¬®Ω°æ¤ ´Ææ’h- doctor's advice = up ones mind - E®Ωg-®·ç--éÓ-´ôç
job, just because the food here is not to ´¤©’ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ °æúø´¤.
Doctor ´ü¿l-†o-°æp-öÀéà Åûª†’ smoking ´÷†-™‰ü¿’. a) Please make up your mind whether to go
your liking? Come now, Navya, you
can't be so silly as to throw a good job
°j expressions ÅEoç- or not = ¢Á∞«}™ ´üÓl E®Ωg-®·ç--éÓçúÕ.
öÀ™ not agree with c) He gave up his rights to the property =
up as yours and go away. ÇÆœh°j ûª† £æ«èπ◊\©’ ´ü¿’-©’-éÌ-Ø√oúø’. b) I have made up my mind to buy that car =
®√´ôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. car
Ç éÌØËç-ü¿’Íé E®Ωg-®·ç--èπ◊Ø√o.
(Ééπ\úÕ AçúÕ ÆæJ-°æ-úø-†çûª ´÷vû√† ´’ç* °æúøü¿’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç-ûÓØË ÉN d) He gave up his attempts =
ÖüÓuí∫ç ´C-™‰Æœ ¢ÁR}-§Ú-û√-†ç-ö«¢√? Fèπ◊†o áèπ◊\´ ¢√úøû√ç. v°æߪ’-û√o©’ ÇÊ°-¨»úø’. éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ É*a† phrasal verbs, Ñ les-
son ™ É*a† phrasal verbs, spoken English
Åçûª-´’ç* ÖüÓuí∫ç ´C-™‰Æœ ¢ÁR}-§Ú-ßË’çûª 2) I threw up all the M. SURESAN 6) You want to throw a good job up – Ééπ\úø ™ î√™« common í¬ NE-°œç-îË¢Ë. OöÀE ¶«í¬
ûÁL-N-ûª-èπ◊\´ °æ-E-îË-ߪ’èπ◊) food I had eaten = phrasal verb - throw a job up = job ´ü¿’-©’- practice îËߪ’çúÕ. Åçü¿’-´©x *†o-*†o sen-
Navya: There's no use your keeping as telling éÓ-´ôç. (Éçü∆éπ throw up Åçõ‰ ¢√çA îËÆæ’-
A†o-ü¿çû√ ¢√çA îËÆæ’-èπ◊Ø√o. tences ûÓ O’ conversation Åçü¿çí¬, Å®Ωn-
me to adjust with the food here. I've had
enough of it. I have to go.
Ééπ\úÕ phrasal verb: throw up = ¢√çA îËÆæ’-éÓ- éÓ-´ôç ÅØË Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆. ÖüÓuí∫ç/ ´ç-ûªçí¬ Öçô’çC.
´ôç = vomit. Å®·ûË vomit éπØ√o throw up Å´-鬨¡ç ™«çöÀN ´ü¿’-©’-éÓ-´ôç èπÿú≈ throw up.) EXERCISE
(Ééπ\úÕ AçúÕûÓ Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊§Ú ÅE †’´¤y ´÷öÀ- ÅØËC better, vomit é¬Ææh §ƒçúÕûªuç. throw up a) Who will throw up such a good job? =
´÷-öÀéà ņôç ´©x v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç ™‰ü¿’. Ééπ Practise the following aloud in English.
î√©’. ØË¢Á-Rx-§Ú-¢√-LqçüË) ÅØËC ¢√u´-£æ…-Jéπç. Spoken English ™ throw Åçûª ´’ç* ÖüÓuí∫ç á´®Ω’ ´÷†’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’?/ Mahesh:
؈’ wash basin ü¿í∫_-®Ω-Èé-∞Ï}-Ææ-JéÀ, §ƒ°æç
up ÅØËüË ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’. ´ü¿’-©’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’?
Divya: I still don't understand why you wish to leave. b) He threw up a good job and a good family
Åûª†’ ¢√çA îËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.
a) She was sick after eating the cake. she
Naresh: á´®Ω’?
(†’´¤y ¢ÁR}-§Ú-¢√-©E áçü¿’éπ-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o¢Ó threw up = cake A†-í¬ØË Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ¢Áí∫ô’ and took to drinking. =
Éçé¬ Ø√éπ®Ωnç 鬴-ôç-™‰ü¿’) °æ¤öÀdçC. ¢ÁçôØË ¢√çA îËÆæ’-èπ◊çC. ´’ç* ÖüÓuí∫ç, Ææç≤ƒ®Ωç ÅFo ´ü¿’-©’-èπ◊E Mahesh: AçúÕ ÉçÈé-´®Ω’, Ramesh. E†oöÀ †’ç* Ø√éÃ
-°æ-úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’ ÅE complain îËÆæ÷hØË
Navya: If only you went through, what I have (sick = 'ï•’s— ÅE ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç. Sick Åçõ‰ û√í∫’úø’ ¢Á·ü¿-©’-°-ö«dúø’.
been through, you wouldn't be here for ¢Áí∫ô’/ ¢√çA éπLÍí feeling ÅE èπÿú≈ î√™« 7) There's no use keeping on telling me to
ÖØ√o- úø’-í∫ü∆?
a minute, job or no job. Naresh: ´’†ç ¶«í¬ØË Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊-§Ú-í∫-©’-í∫’-ûª’Ø√oç éπü∆?
ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úøû√ç) adjust with the food =
(Ø√ ņ’-¶µº-´¢Ë’ Fèπ◊çõ‰ †’¢Ìy-éπ\-éπ~ùç èπÿú≈ b) The child is throwing up the milk= üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-ûª’†o AçúÕûÓ Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊-§Ò-´’tE îÁ•’ûª÷ Mahesh: ´©x
Åûª†’ áèπ◊\´ coffee û√í∫’-û√úø’. Åçü¿’-
éÌçîÁç áèπ◊\´ AØ√o ¢Áí∫-ô-E-°œ-Ææ’hçC.
Ééπ\úø Öçúø´¤) §ƒ©†’ éπÍé\-≤ÚhçC. Öçúøôç ´©x v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç ™‰ü¿’.
Divya: So you have made up your mind to Naresh: ÅüËçö Ç é¬°∂‘ Å™« û√í∫’-ûª÷ØË Öçö«úø’.
3) So you want to pack up = Ééπ\úÕ phrasal Keep on doing something =
leave. ÅC ÇÊ°-ü∆é¬, ÅûªE °æJ-Æœn-AçûË.
verb, to pack up. D†®Ωnç v°æߪ÷-ù«-EéÀ/ ¢ÁR}§Ú´- äéπ °æE-E ÅüË-°æ-Eí¬ îËÆæ÷h Öçúøôç.
(Å®·ûË ¢Á∞¡}-ú≈EÍé E¨¡a-®·ç--èπ◊-Ø√o-´-†o- ANSWER
ö«-EéÀ Æœü¿l¥-°æ-úøôç. (°õ‰d ¶‰ú≈ Ææ®Ω’l-éÓ-´ôç) a) He keeps on smoking though his health is bad =
´÷ô) Mahesh: When I went to the wash basin the
a) He has packed up = Ç®Óí∫uç ¶«í¬-™‰-éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√, smoke îËÆæ÷hØË Öçö«úø’.
Navya: That's it. (ÅçûË) poor fellow (§ƒ°æç Åûª†’ ÅØË ¶µ«´çûÓ)
¢ÁR}-§Ú-ßË’ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Æœü¿l¥çí¬ ÖØ√oúø’. b) Though the teacher punished him, he was throwing up.
Divya: You can cook for yourself and avoid eat-
b) When are you packing up? = keeps on talking =
ing out. Naresh: Who?
†’´¤y á°æ¤p-úÁ-∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o´¤? Teacher ¢√úÕE PéÀ~ç-*Ø√, ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª÷ØË Mahesh: Who else? Ramesh. He has been
(†’´¤y ´çúø’-éÓ-´-a-éπü∆. Å°æ¤púø’ •ßª’ô c) We are waiting for him to pack up =
A†ôç ´÷ØË-ßÁ·îª’a) Öçö«úø’. complaining since yesterday that this
Navya: That's impossible for me. (Ø√ ´©x é¬ü¿’)
Åûª-ØÁ-°æ¤p-úÁ-°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞«hú≈ ÅE îª÷Ææ’hØ√oç. Å®·ûË present day English ™ keep ûª®√yûª food doesn't agree with him.
4) I can't get on any more = on Åçûªí¬ ¢√úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’. He keeps on talking Naresh: But we are able to get on with the
Divya: Ok
phrasal verb- to get on = ≤ƒT-§Ú-´ôç/ é̆-≤ƒ- (= He continues to talk) = He keeps talking. food.
´’†ç phrasal verbs í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç c) Don't keep asking me silly questions =
éπü∆. É°æ¤púø’ ´’J-éÌEo îª÷ü∆lç. í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆ Ñ í∫ôç/ Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊-§Ú-´ôç/ ïJ-T-§Ú-´ôç – É™«çöÀ Å®√n- Mahesh: He takes too much of coffee. That's
Phrasal verbs Å®Ωnç, ¢√úøéπç practice ´™«x, îªü¿-
©ûÓ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd 'get on' ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç. °œ*a °œ*a v°æ¨¡o©’ Åúø’-í∫’ûª÷ Öçúøèπ◊ why even if he eats a little too much,
I can't get on any more = 8) If only you went through, what I have he feels sick.
´ôç ´™«x ´Ææ’hçC. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ àüÁjØ√ ´’ç* dic-
tionary ™ àüÁjØ√ ´÷ôèπ◊/ ´·êuçí¬ verb èπ◊ Éçéπ É™« é̆-≤ƒ-í∫-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’Ø√o. been through. D†®Ωnç, ؈-†’-¶µº-Nç-*† éπ≥ƒd©’, Naresh: He keeps as drinking coffee. Until he
Å®Ωnç îª÷Æœ-†-°æ¤púø’ ü∆E-éÀçü¿ Ç verb, ü∆E ûª®√yûª a) Pranav: How is your new job? phrasal verbs, 1) to
†’´y-†’-¶µº-NÊÆh ÅE. Ééπ\úø, gives it up, his condition will be like
´îËa preposition èπ◊ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC. (F éÌûªh ÖüÓuí∫ç ᙫ ÖçC?) go through, 2) to be through. this.
I don't see eye to eye with .. Mahatma Gandhi = ¶µ«®Ωûª ≤ƒyûªçvûªuç ûÁ*a†
°∂æ’†ûª/ íÌ°æp-ûª†ç í¬çDµC.
b) The profits of the company are credited to
the General Manager = company Ç
General Manager
™«¶µ«-©èπ◊ üË °∂æ’†ûª.
2) Why I've put off
Bhagat: That's rather odd. I've come across 5) I don't see eye to eye with. 7) ... are you going to give us a treat?
telling you of it.
very few that don't celebrate their 6) ... and it can't be credited to anyone.
To put off = to post- treat = ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†/ Ç£æ…x-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç
birthdays. 7) Are you going to give us a treat?
pone àüÁjØ√ treat.
(ÉC é¬Ææh NçûË. °æ¤öÀd-†-®ÓV ï®Ω’-°æ¤-éÓ-E- (¢√®·ü∆ ¢Ëߪ’ôç)
8) I can't sit through the loud songs, dances, a) I shall be happy if a) The movie is a real treat after a long peri-
¢√-∞¡x†’ éÌCl´’çCØË îª÷¨».) sex and violence. the exams are put od of bad movies = î√™« °æE-éÀ-®√E *vû√©
Jagat: Well, I don't mind your taking me as
9) I can't put up with the boredom. off until the next ûª®√yûª ´*a† Ñ ÆœE´÷ Eïçí¬ î√™«
one of those few. M. SURESAN
(§ÚF™‰. Å™«çöÀ éÌCl-´’ç-C™ ØËØÌ-éπ-úøoE Ñ expressions meanings, use ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØË- week = ´îËa-¢√-®Ωç- ¶«í∫’çC. Ç£æ…x-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ÖçC.
†’´y-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ Ø√Íéç Ŷµºuç-ûª-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’.) ´·çü¿’ ´’†ç -ÉçéÌ-Eo °æü∆© Å®√n©’ èπÿú≈ ü∆é¬ °æK-éπ~©’ ¢√®·-ü∆-°æ-úÕûË Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç. b) To give a treat = Nçü¿’ É´yôç.
Bhagat: I don't see eye to eye with you on this. ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. b) Don't put off till tomorrow what you can do He gave us a treat on his birthday =
What's wrong in enjoying yourself on 1) Precisely = éπ*a-ûªçí¬ (•çí¬®Ω癫çöÀN ûª÷îË- today = Ñ ®ÓV îËߪ’-í∫-L-Tç-ü∆Eo Í®°æöÀ ´®Ωèπ◊ °æ¤öÀd-†-®ÓV Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ Åûª†’ NçC-î√aúø’.
the day you entered the world? ô-°æ¤púø’, íÌ°æp íÌ°æp (Olympic véÃúø-™«xçöÀ) °æ®Ω’-í∫’- ¢√®·ü∆ ¢ËßÁ·ü¿’l. c) The treat he gave us on his wedding
(Ñ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ØËFoûÓ àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-îª-ôç-™‰ü¿’. °æç-ü∆™x time î√™« éπ*a-ûªçí¬, ÂÆéπ†x ûËú≈ èπÿú≈ Put off ûª®√yûª till é¬F, until é¬F ¢√úøû√ç. anniversary was grand = °Rx ¢√J{-éÓ-ûªq´ç
´’†ç v°æ°æç-îªç-™éÀ Åúø’í∫’°öÀd† ®ÓV ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Öçúø-ôç-™«çöÀC precise.) 3) I am for/ I am all for/ I am against. Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ Åûª-E-*a† Nçü¿’ íÌ°æpí¬ ÖçC.
2) Odd = NçûÁj†. ´÷´‚©’éπçõ‰ Gµ†oçí¬ Ö†o.
To be for/ to be all for = äéπ N≠æ-ߪ’ç-°æôx
ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ í∫úø’-°æ¤-éÓ-´-úøç™ ûªÊ°pçöÀ?) 8) I can't sit through the loud songs, dances, ..
Jagat: Is it any achievement of yours if a year He doesn't like curd. That's odd. (î√™«-´’ç-CéÀ
Ææ’´·-êçí¬/ °æ‹Jhí¬ Ææ’´·-êçí¬ Öçúøôç/ äéπ To sit through = (ã°œí¬_) *´-J-ü∆é¬ èπÿ®Óa-´ôç.
rolls on? Time passes and it can't be É≠æd - ¢ Á ’ i † °®Ω ’ í∫ ’ Åûª-EéÀ É≠ædç-™‰ü¿’. ÅC Nçûª.) N≠æߪ’ç Ææ´’-Jnç-îªôç. a) He can't teach well. I can't sit through his
credited to anyone. I am all for a per- 3) Mind: ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆– ´’†ç
a) I am for/ I am all for starting early = class =
son celebrating an achievement, but Ç™-*çîË, ´’† ûÁL-NéÀ E©-ߪ’-¢Á’i† •’v®Ω. Çߪ’† ÆæJí¬_ ¶Cµç-îª-™‰úø’. Çߪ’†
not for the passage of time. ûªy®Ωí¬ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω-ö«-EÍé ؈’ Ææ’´·-êçí¬ ÖØ√o†’. class *´-J-ü∆é¬ Øˆ’ èπÿ®Óa™‰†’.
Ééπ\úø Mind Åçõ‰ Ŷµºuç-ûª®Ωç Öçúøôç.
(ã Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç í∫úø-´ôç ÅØËC ´’†ç ≤ƒCµç- Do you mind waiting for a few minutes? =
ÅüË Ø√éÀ≠dçæ . b) (Do) you want to sit through the discus-
b) She is for attending the function = sion? I don't have the patience.
îË-üËç-é¬-ü¿’-éπü∆. 鬩ç í∫úÕ-*-§Ú-ûª’çC. ÅC é¬Ææh wait îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ O’Íé-´’Ø√o Ŷµºuç-ûª-®Ω´÷?
á´J íÌ°æp-ûª-†´‚ é¬ü¿’. (Ø√ @N-ûªç™ äéπ I don't mind it at all = Ø√Íéç Ŷµºuç-ûª®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. Ç¢Á’ function èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡x-ú≈-EÍé Ææ’´·-êçí¬ ÖçC. (Ç îª®Ωa© *´-J-ü∆é¬ ††’o èπÿ®Óa-´’ç-ö«¢√?
Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç Ø√ íÌ°æp ņ’-éÓ-™‰†’ ÅØË ¶µ«´ç.) Never mind = ü∆E í∫’Jç* °æöÀdç-éÓ-´ü¿’l. c) He was not for his son joining politics = Ø√é¬ ã°œé𠙉ü¿’.)
àüÁjØ√ ´’†ç ≤ƒCµç-*çC Öçõ‰ ü∆Eo ÆæçûÓ-
(á´-È®jØ√ sorry Å™«ç-öÀN Åçõ‰ ´’†ç never Çߪ’† éÌúø’èπ◊ ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ÷™x îË®Ωúøç Çߪ’-†-éÀ≠dçæ Sit through, ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ not ûÓØË ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.
≠æçí¬ í∫úø-°æôç Ø√èπ◊ °æ‹Jhí¬ É≠æd¢Ë’, é¬E
鬩ç í∫úÕ-*ç-ü∆-EéÀ ´’† °∂æ’†ûª àç ™‰ü¿’.) mind Åçö«ç.) ™‰ü¿’. (èπÿ®Óa-™‰†’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ).
4) Achievement = ≤ƒCµçîË N≠æߪ’ç – °∂æ’†ûª. Against = ´uA-Í®éπç. 9) I can't put up with the boredom =
Bhagat: Then why did you put on the new
clothes? Achieve = ≤ƒCµ ç-îªôç. 4) I've come across very few that don't Ç NÆæ’í∫’ ¶µºJç-îª-™‰†’.
(Å®·ûË éÌûªh •ôd-™„ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√o´¤?) a) A score of a century in cricket is an celebrate their birthdays. To put up with = Æ棜«ç-îªôç/ ¶µºJç-îªôç
Jagat: Mom was particular and sent me them. achievement = To come across = îª÷úøôç, ņ’-¶µº-Nç-îªôç, a) Sita was a great woman. She put up with
So I put them on- just to please her. Century éÌôdúøç °∂æ’†ûª (≤ƒCµç-*† N≠æߪ’ç). û√®Ω-Ææ-°æ-úøôç. a lot of hardship =
(Å´’t °æô’d-•-öÀdçC. Ç •ôd©’ °æç°œçC. b) Getting a good rank is an achievement = a) We come across camels only in deserts = Æ‘ûª íÌ°æp Æ‘Y. î√™« éπ≥ƒd-©†’ ¶µºJç*çC.
Å´’t†’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°-ôd-ú≈-EéÀ ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊Ø√o.) ´’ç* rank
≤ƒCµç-îªôç äéπ °∂æ’†ûª. äçõ„-©†’ áú≈-®Ω’-™xØË îª÷≤ƒhç – áú≈-®Ω’-™xØË ÅN b) I cannot put up with the noise =
Bhagat: OK. OK. At least are you going to give 5) Time rolling = 鬩ç üÌ®Ωxôç ´’†èπ◊ éπE-°œ-≤ƒh®·. Ç íÌúø´ ¶µºJç-îª-™‰†’.
us a treat? (éπFÆæç Nçü¿Ø√o É≤ƒh¢√?) 6) be particular about = b) The doctor says he hasn't come across c) She has put up with all the trouble her hus-
Jagat: We'll have it, don't worry. (Å™«Íí). °æô’d-ü¿-©í¬ Öçúøôç (äéπ N≠æߪ’ç-™) such a case so far in his practice = band gave her =
Bhagat: What about a movie after that? a) I am particular about vegetarian food = ûª† practice ™ Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ É™«çöÀ case ¶µº®Ωh-°-öÀd† ¶«üµ¿-©-Eo-öÀF Ç¢Á’ ¶µºJç-*çC.
(Ç ûª®√yûª ÆœE´÷?) Ø√èπ◊ ¨»é¬-£æ…-®Ω¢Ë’ 鬢√L (°æô’d-•-ôdúøç) îª÷úø-™‰-ü¿ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’ doctor.
Badari: So they are. The way they serve us always sure to see there some guest or the other Nirmala: E†oØË, é¬E dinner ´÷vûªç É¢√-RdéÀ Nirmala: Yes, it was, but she put off the dinner
makes us feel at home. ÇC-¢√-®√©’ ¢√Rxçöx ÇAü∑¿uç á°æ¤púø÷ Öçô’çC. ¢√®·-ü∆-¢Ë-ÆœçC. till today.
Kedar: I think I hear him calling. Shall I tell him á´®Ó äéπ ÅAC∑ Åéπ\úø ´’†èπ◊ éπ†-°æ-úøôç ûªü∑¿uç. Syamala: Wish you a good time. Syamala: Wish you a good time.
we are starting? 2) We had to foot our way back home =
(ÅûªØË phone îËÆæ’h-Ø√o-úø-†’-èπ◊çö«/ ÅûªE ´’†ç ÉçöÀéÀ †úÕ* ®√¢√Lq ´*açC.
phone ņ’-èπ◊çö« NE-°œ-≤ÚhçC. •ßª’-©’- foot one's way = †úø-´ôç/ walk. EXERCISE 2 ANSWER
üË-®Ω’-ûª’-Ø√o-´’E îÁ°æpØ√?) a) As his vehicle broke down, he left it there Ganesh: Hi Karthik, àçöÀ Åçûª F®Ω-Ææçí¬ Å©-Æœ Ganesh: Hi Karthik, you look so tired and
Badari: Do. (îÁ°æ¤p) and footed his way to office = -§Ú-®·-†ô’x éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤? weak, why?
Here are some more phrasal verbs we hear ¢√£æ«†ç îÁúÕ-§Ú-´-ôçûÓ, Åûª†’ ü∆†o-éπ\úø ´CL, Karthik: Ø√ bike ´’üµ¿u™ îÁúÕ-§Ú-®·çC. ü∆Eo Karthik: My bike broke down on the way. I
frequently in daily conversation. Like the office èπ◊ †úÕ* ¢Á∞«xúø’. †úÕ-°œç--èπ◊çô÷ ´*a mechanic èπ◊ É*a, walked it up to my mechanic, gave it
phrasal verbs we have seen in the earlier b) Foot your way as much as possible and Åéπ\-úÕ-†’ç* È®çúø’ éÀ™-O’-ô®Ωx ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕ* to him for repair and footed my way
lessons, they can make your conversation you will be healthy = ´î√a†’. for 2 kms here.
very effective. O©-®·-†ç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ †úÕÊÆh ´’† Ç®Óí∫uç Ganesh: Ø√èπ◊ phone îËÆæ’çõ‰ ؈’ ´*a lift ÉîËa- Ganesh: If you had phone me, I would have
Now let's study them. ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC. ¢√-úÕE éπü∆? given you a lift.
Look at the following sentences from the (you Åçõ‰ †’´¤y, O’®Ω’, Fèπ◊, O’èπ◊ ÅØË Å®√n©’ Karthik: †’´¤y Ææ£æ…ߪ ’ç îËÊÆ-¢√-úÕ-¢Ë-†E Ø√èπ◊ Karthik: I know you are the helping type.
conversation between Badari and Kedar. ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, general í¬ á´-È®jØ√, á´-J-ÈéjØ√ ûÁ©’Ææ’. Åçü¿’´™‰x Ø√ rooms èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡xèπ◊çú≈ That's why I came straight to your
1) He seems to keep open house on Sundays ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ†÷ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.) F rooms èπ◊ ´î√a†’. Ñ ®√vAéÀ ØËE-éπ\-úø rooms without going to my place. can
2) We had to foot our way back home Foot your way as much as possible ÅØË sen- -Öç-úÌî√a? I stay here for the night?
3) In that respect they are cut out for each other tence ™ '†’´¤y/ O’®Ω’— áçûª-ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕÊÆh ÅØË Ganesh: Åçûª-éπ-Ø√oØ√? ÉC F É™‰x ņ’éÓ. Ganesh: By all means/ you are welcome. Feel
4) ... They make us feel at home é¬èπ◊çú≈, á´-È®jØ√/ ´’†ç, áçûªü¿÷®Ωç †úÕÊÆh Åçûª Karthik: Thank you. àçöà maths îËÆæ’h-Ø√o¢√? absolutely at home.
5) That dinner was worth it Ç®Óí∫uç ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC ÅE Å®Ωnç. Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ: ņoô’d, O’ éÌûªh maths lecturer ᙫ Karthik: Thank you. You seem to be doing
OöÀE í∫’Jç* îªJaç-îË-´·çü¿’, ´’†ç ´’J-éÌEo You cannot extract oil from sand = ÖØ√oúø’? maths. By the way how is your new
´÷ô© Å®Ωnç, use ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. ÉÆæ-éπ-™ç* †÷ØÁ Bߪ’™‰ç. Ééπ\úø you Åçõ‰ Ganesh: î√™« íÌ°æp lecturer. Åçü¿’-éÓ-Ææ¢Ë’ °æ¤ö«dú≈ maths lecturer?
He asked us to lunch today: †’´¤y/ O’®Ω’ ÅØË Å®√n-EéÀ °æJ-N’ûªç é¬ü¿’. ņoô’x maths lecturer í¬ ÆæJí¬_ ÆæJ-§Ú-û√úø’. Ganesh: Excellent. He is cut out for the job.
Åûªúø’ É¢√∞¡ ´’†Lo lunch èπ◊ °œL-î √úø’/ c) I can't foot my walk for such a long dis- Karthik: Å®·ûË ÆæçûÓ≠æç. Karthik: Happy to hear it.
Ç£æ…y-Eç-î√úø’. tance = Åçûª ü¿÷®Ωç ؈’ †úø-´-™‰†’.
ANSWER
t Kowmudi asks/ asked Kavitha to take
Mahesh: Then both of her to a movie and give her a dinner on
Our, Your (-´÷, -´’-†, O’) Their her birthday next week.
them request-
Mine, Yours (-Ø√-C, FC) His/ Her
ed the teacher t Kavitha asks/ asked Kowmudi to go
Ours, Yours (--´÷-C, O’C) Theirs
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 184 not to be angry
and to excuse
This (
These (
-É-C)
-É-N)
That
Those
home to Kavitha exactly at 2.30
t Kowmudi then tells/ told Kavitha to
them that once. Today, Yesterday, Tomorrow That day, The remind her at 2 that day and see if she
I. Naveen: Leave your book with me. You take (¢√∞¡x-°æ¤púø’ éÓ°æp-úø- day before, The (Kowmudi) doesn't/ wouldn't come.
my book and return it tomorrow. ´-ü¿lE, Ñ≤ƒ-JéÀ M. SURESAN next day ´®Ω-Ææí¬ t Kavitha asks/ asked Kowmudi to bring
(F °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eoéπ\úø Öç. †’´¤y Ø√ éπ~N’ç-îª-´’E Now Then her sister along.
°æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo BÆæ’-èπ◊E Í®°æ¤ AJ-T´¤y) teacher †’ Ŷµºu-Jnç-î √®Ω’ ) Important:
t Kowmudi then tells/ told Kavitha to
°j ´÷®Ω’p-©Fo Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo•-öÀd
Ramani: Please let me have both the books. Rakesh: The teacher was still angry. He îËߪ÷-Lq† ´÷®Ω’p™‰. ÅüË °æEí¬ îËߪ÷-Lq† leave her sister alone or call her her-
(È®çúÕç-öÀF BÆæ’-éÓ-E´¤y) ordered them to concentrate on the Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. ´·êuçí¬ English ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-†o- self.
Naveen: OK. Take both of them but make sure lesson, to keep their mouths shut or to °æ¤púø’. É°æ¤púø’ O’JçéÓ N≠æߪ’ç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ:
t Kavitha then tells/ told her to leave the
that you return them the day after. get out. †OØ˛, ®Ω´’ùÀ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ùçû√, imperative (Çïc©’, matter to her, and just to tell her sister
(ÆæÍ®, È®çúø÷ BÆæ’éÓ, Å®·ûË á©’xç-úÕéÀ (Teacher Éçé¬ éÓ°æçí¬ ÖØ√oúø’, ¢√∞¡x†’ Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷, Åúø-í∫-ö«©÷ ûÁLÊ° sentences- 鬕öÀd
of it.
éπ*a-ûªçí¬ AJ-T-îËaß˝’) lesson O’ü¿ ü¿%≠œd °ôd-´’F, ØÓ®Ω’´‚Ææ’éÓ- reported speech, to + 1st Regular doing word
lesson t Kowmudi said OK.
Ramani: Please allow me to keep them for at ´’E ™‰ü∆ •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞¡}-´’F -Å-Ø√o-úø’.) ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç– éÀçü¿öÀ ™ îª÷Æœ-†ô’x.)
least three days. direct
†O-Ø˛èπ◊, ®Ω´’-ùÀéÀ ïJ-T† Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù†’,
Naveen then requested/ pleaded with
speech indirect speech
™, ™ éÀç-ü¿ °æ-öÀdéπ-™
(éπFÆæç ´‚úø’ ®ÓV-©Ø√o Öç-éÓ-E´¤y) the teacher again not to be cross.
Teacher: Stop talking, both of you.
îª÷úøçúÕ.
´ ´ ´ ´ ´
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
(O’J-ü¿l®Ω÷ ´÷ö«x-úø-éπçúÕ) Observe: I) The conversation between
Naveen and Ramani: Don't be angry, sir. 1. Naveen (to Ramani): Leave your books µ Naveen told Ramani to
(ÉC í∫ûªç 鬕öÀd)
Naveen and Ramani, and II)
Excuse us this once. with me. You take the other book and return leave her book with him and take his book
Mahesh and Rakesh reporting the it tomorrow. and return it the next day.
(éÓ°æp-úø-èπ◊çú≈ ´’´’t-Lo Ñ äéπ\-≤ƒ-JéÀ conversation between Naveen and 2. Ramani (to Naveen): Please let me have µ She (Ramani) requested him to let her have
éπ~N’ç-îªçúÕ ≤ƒ®˝) Ramani. both the books. both the books.
Teacher: Concentrate on the lesson. Keep your
O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’– Part I ™ †OØ˛, ®Ω´’ùÀ 3. Naveen (to Ramani): Take both of them µ Naveen then told her to take both of them
mouths shut or get out of the class.
Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù†’, Part II ™ Mahesh, Rakesh and make sure that you return them the day but to make sure she returned them the day
(§ƒ®∏Ωç O’ü¿ ü¿%≠œd °ôdçúÕ. ØÓ®Ω’ -´‚-Ææ’- reported (indirect) speech ™ îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-´ôç. after. after.
éÓçúÕ ™‰ü∆ •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-Rx-§ÚçúÕ) ÉC èπÿú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Part II ™, ´’Ê£«≠ˇ 4. Ramani (to Naveen): Please allow me to µ She (Ramani) requested him to allow her to
Naveen: Please, don't be cross, sir. keep them for at least three days. keep them for at least three days.
®√Íé-≠ˇ†’ ÅúÕ-T† ¢Á·ü¿öÀ v°æ¨¡o: Why was the
(ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ éÓ°æp-úø-éπçúÕ ≤ƒ®˝) teacher angry with Naveen and Ramani? 5. Teacher (to Ramani & Naveen): Stop talk- µ The teacher ordered them both to stop talking.
Teacher: Be silent, then ( ing both of you. µ Both of them (Naveen and Ramani) request-
Å®·ûË E¨¡z-•lçí¬ ÖçúøçúÕ) Åçõ‰, Éçü¿’™ was ´©x ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’h†o
Naveen: OK. Sir. (Å™«Íí ≤ƒ®˝) N≠æߪ’ç: †OØ˛, ®Ω´’-ùÀ© Ææ綵«-≠æù í∫ûªç™ 6. Naveen & Ramani (to teacher): Don't be ed the teacher not to be angry and excuse
angry, sir. Excuse us this once. them that once.
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ïJ-Tç-ü¿E, Ç N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo°æ¤púø’ Mahesh, Rakesh
7. Teacher (to Naveen and Ramani): µ He (the teacher) ordered them to concen-
II. Mahesh: Why was the teacher angry with v°æ≤ƒh-N-Ææ’h-Ø√o-®ΩE. Concentrate on the lesson. Keep your trate on the lesson, to keep their mouths
Naveen and Ramani? É™« í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T† Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù†’ reported mouths shut or get out of the class shut or get out of the class.
(Naveen, Ramani O’ü¿ teacher èπ◊ speech èπ◊ ´÷®√a-©çõ‰, told, requested, 8. Naveen (to Teacher): Please, sir, don't be µ Naveen then requested/ pleaded with the
áçü¿’èπ◊ éÓ°æç ´*açC?) ordered ÅE Past doing word ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. cross with us. teacher not to be cross with them.
Pridhvi: Hi Akash, I am very happy today. Varun: Have you heard what he has said? He
Akash: Are you, really? Why so? has told us to decide and let him know
(Å´¤Ø√? áçü¿’éÓ?) where to go and when to go and he
Pridhvi: My exam results are out and I have will take us there. He has told us too
passed with a very high score. not to bother about expenses. How
(
Ø√ exam results ´î√a®·. ؈’ î√™« generous he is!
´’ç*´÷®Ω’\-©ûÓ pass Åߪ÷u†’) (¢√úË-´’-Ø√oúÓ NØ√o¢√? á°æ¤p-úø’ áéπ\úÕÈé∞«x™
Akash: Congrats. That makes me really ´’†ç E®Ωg®·ç* ¢√úÕûÓ îÁGûË ¢√úø’ ´’†Lo Åéπ\-
happy. You owe me and Varun a treat. úÕéÀ BÆæ’èπ◊-¢Á∞¡-û√-†E ÅØ√oúø’. ê®Ω’a© N≠æߪ’ç
(Congrats. ÅC ††’o î√™« ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-®Ω’- °æöÀdç--éÓ-´-ü¿lE èπÿú≈ ÅØ√oúø’. íÌ°æp Öü∆-®Ω’úË!)
≤ÚhçC. †’´¤y Ø√èπ◊, ´®Ω’ù˝èπ◊ NçC-¢√yL.) Akash: He is back. Pridhvi it will be tomorrow. Éçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ ´’†ç Imperative sentences -†’, statements †÷ Reported (Indirect) speech ™éÀ ´÷®Ωaôç
Treat- Nçü¿’; Owe- ¶«éà Öçúøôç. We will to go the matinee show of (Report îËߪ’ôç) ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. ´’J-éÌEo examples îª÷ü∆lç:
He owes me Rs.100 = Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ ®Ω÷.100 ¶«éà Chilipi and then have a dinner at DIRECT INDIRECT (REPORTED)
He owes his greatness to his father = Shadrasa restaurant. (°æ%Cµy ´îËa-¨»úø’. 1. Rama Rao: Wait here till I come back. t Rama Rao asks his son to wait there till he
(ÅûªúÕ íÌ°æpûªØ√-EéÀ ¢√∞¡x Ø√ØËo 鬮Ωùç) °æ%Cµy, Í®°æ¤ ´’†ç *L°œ ´÷uöÃo -≥Ú èπ◊ ¢ÁRx, (؈’ AJ-íÌîËa´®Ωèπ◊ Ééπ\úË Öçúø’.) comes back.
≠ævúøÆæ restaurant ™ dinner îËü∆lç) (Imperative) Vinai asks/ requests his father to come back
Pridhvi: That's OK, then. Vinai: Please come back early, dad. I am early. He says that he is hungry.
Now look at the part hungry. (ûª†’ AJ-íÌîËa´®Ωèπ◊ Åéπ\úË Öçúø-´’E éÌúø’èπ◊ûÓ
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 185
(ûªy®Ωí¬ ®√ -Ø√-Ø√-o, Ø√èπ◊ ÇéπLí¬
of the conversation ÖçC.) (Imperative + statement) ®√´÷-®√´¤ Åçô’-Ø√oúø’. N†ß˝’ ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o†’
between Pridhvi and 2. Patient: Doctor, I have a temperature and a ûªy®Ωí¬ ®Ω´’tE Åúø’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’, ûª†èπ◊ Çéπ-Lí¬
Akash at the begin- severe cold. Öçü¿E Åçô’-Ø√oúø’.)
Pridhvi: Who is coming here? Oh, it is Varun. t The patient has complained to the doctor that
ning of the lesson. (ú≈éπd®˝ , ä∞¡Ÿx ¢ËúÕí¬ ÖçC. ¶«í¬ ï©’•’
she has a temperature and a severe cold.
(á´®Ω’ ´Ææ’h-Ø√®Ω’? ã... ´®Ω’ù˝.) Pridhvi (to Akash): My îËÆœçC.) (statement)
Varun: I heard you both talking about results The doctor advises her to take those tablets
exam results are out Doctor: Take these tablets and you will be
and treat. What is it? and says that she will be cured by the
and I have passed M. SURESAN cured by the evening.
(O’J-ü¿l®Ω÷ àüÓ results, treat í∫’Jç* evening.
with a very high score. (Ñ ö«¶„xö¸q BÆæ’-éÓçúÕ. ≤ƒßª’çvû√E-éπ™«x
(Patient ûª†èπ◊ temperature, ï©’•’í¬ Öçü¿E doc-
´÷ö«x-úø’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. àçôC?)
direct speech
O’èπ◊ †ßª’´’´¤ûª’çC) (Imperative +
Akash: Pridhvi has just told me that his exam
°æ%Cµy Çé¬≠ˇûÓ Å†o ™E °j tor ûÓ îÁ°œpçC. Doctor Ç tablets BÆæ’-éÓ-´’E Ææ©£æ…
statement)
sentence, statement form state-
™ ÖçC;
results are out and that he has passed 3. Doctor (To patient): Take a cold shower
É*a, ≤ƒßª’çvû√E-éπ™«x †ßª’-´’-´¤-ûª’ç-ü¿E ÅØ√oúø’)
ment sentence.
Åçõ‰ äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo îÁÊ°p t The doctor tells the patient to take a cold
with a high score (ûª†exam results before breakfast if you
(´’†ç éÀçü¿öÀlesson report
™ îËߪ’ôç ØË®Ω’a- shower before breakfast if he/ she wants to be
´î√a-ߪ’F, ûª†’ ´’ç* marks passûÓ want to keep fit.
imperative etc. fit.
Pridhvi
Åߪ÷u-†F É°æ¤púË Ø√ûÓ îÁ§ƒpúø’.) èπ◊-†oC – (Çïc©÷, Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷,
breakfast
ûÁLÊ°)sentence)
(Ç®Óí∫uçí¬ Öçú≈©çõ‰ ´·çü¿’ (Ç®Óí∫uçí¬ Öçú≈-©çõ‰ breakfast
´·çü¿’ îªFo∞¡x
Varun: That's great. Congrats Pridhvi. How Imperative
îªFo∞¡x ≤ƒo†ç îÁß˝’) – ≤ƒo†ç îËߪ’-´’E doctor,
®ÓTûÓ Åçô’-Ø√oúø’)
about a treat then? (î√™« íÌ°æp É°æ¤púø’ äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œp† statement †’ report îËÊÆ- 4. Sumathi (To Sumanth): You've wasted your t Sumathi is telling Sumanth that he has wasted
Congrats.
N≠æߪ’ç. treat ( dinner)
´’J ô-°æ¤púø’ (Reported speech èπ◊ ´÷Í®a-ô-°æ¤púø’), time and money and that's why you his time and money and that's why he is in
´÷õ‰-N’öÀ?) that ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. are in trouble now. trouble now.
Pridhvi: Akash has said that it really makes him (†’´¤y time, úø•’s, ´%ü∑∆ î˨»´¤. Åçü¿’- (Sumanth ûª† úø•÷s, time ´%ü∑∆ î˨»-úøF, Åçü¿’-
°j† °æ%Dµy Çé¬≠ˇûÓ Å†o ´÷ô-©†’, Çé¬≠ˇ,
happy and that I owe you and him a ´-™‰x †’´¤y éπ≥ƒd™x ÖØ√o´¤)– statement ´--™‰x éπ≥ƒd™x ÖØ√o-úøF Sumathi ÅçöçC.)
treat. I am ready. Just fix the date and
´®Ω’ù˝ûÓ report îËߪ’ôç îª÷úøçúÕ.
5. Teacher (To students): Imitate my pronunci- t The teacher is telling/ is asking the students to
time. (Akash to Varun): Pridhvi has just told me that imitate her if they want to speak well.
(ÅC ¢√úÕE î√™« ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°-úø’-ûÓç- ation if you want to speak well.
ü¿F, ؈’ ûª†èπÿ, Fèπÿ ã treat (dinner) his exam results are out and that he has (¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈-©çõ‰ ûª††’ ņ’-éπ-Jç-îª-´’E
(O’®Ω’ ¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈-©çõ‰ Ø√ Ö-î√a®Ωù
É¢√y-©F Çé¬≠ˇ Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çüË ÅØ√oúø’. ؈’ passed with a very high score ņ’-éπ-Jç-îªçúÕ) – Imperative Nü∆u-®Ω’n©ûÓ teacher ÅçöçC.)
ready. Date, time O’®Ω’ E®Ωg-®·ç-îªçúÕ)
Akash: Varun, you have heard what Pridhvi
has said. He is telling us that he is
ready, and to fix the date and time for
the dinner. (´®Ω’ù˝, NØ√o-´¤í¬. °æ%Cµy àç
treat
îÁ§ƒpúÓ. ¢√úÕîËa
time E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-´’-Ø√oúø’)
date,
èπ◊ ´’†Lo He says that he is ..
Pridhvi: Mom's calling me. I'll be back in a
minute. You decide and let me know EXERCISE
í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Akash ´®Ω’ù˝ûÓ îÁ°æpôç (°æ%Cµy Rajani:
ûÁ≤ƒh†’. -†-ØÁoçûª °ôd-´’ç-ö«¢Ó îÁ°æ¤p
where to go and when to go and I will Put the following first in English and then
ņo N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo) that ûÓ begin Å´ôç; N’í∫û√ Sujani: Dozen ´çü¿ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-©-éπçõ‰ ´ü¿’l. Åçûª-
take you there and then. Don't bother report it (change it into reported speech. Use
about the expenses. ´÷®Ω’p-©Fo ´÷´‚™‰ éπü∆. éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\¢ÁjûË éÌØÌü¿’l.
(´÷ Å´’t reporting verbs only in present tense. is
Rajani: ؈’ ûªy®Ωí¬ AJ-íÌ-≤ƒh-†E ņ’-éÓ-´ü¿’l.
°œ©’≤ÚhçC. *öÀ-Èé™ AJ-íÌ≤ƒh. á°æ¤púø’, Look at the following table. telling/ tells/ has told/ is asking/ asks/ has
Sujani: †’¢Áy-°æ¤p-úÌ-*aØ√ °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. ÉCíÓ Ñ ´çü¿
áéπ\úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x™ O’®Ω’ E®Ωg-®·ç* Ø√èπ◊
éÀçC´Fo èπÿú≈ statements, imperatives. asked etc.)
îÁ°æpçúÕ. Åéπ\-úÕéÀ BÆæ’-èπ◊-¢Á-∞¡û√. ê®Ω’a© Sujani: ®ΩïF, †’´¤y market èπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïx-ôx-®·ûË Ø√éÓ
BÆæ’éÓ...
í∫’Jç* °æöÀdç--éÓ-éπçúÕ) Rajani: ûÁ*a† ûª®√yûª É´¤y.
dozen ´÷N’-úÕ-°æçúø’x BÆæ’-èπ◊®√ please.
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
1. Akash (To Pridhvi): That makes me really t Pridhvi reporting Akash's words to Varun: DIRECT REPORTED
happy. You owe me and Varun a treat Akash has said that it really makes him happy
Sujani: Rajani, If you are going to the market, t Sujani is asking Rajani to get her a dozen
and that I owe you and Akash a treat
2. Pridhvi (To Varun & Akash): I am ready. get me a dozen mangoes, please. mangoes if she is going to the market.
tAkash reporting Pridhvi's words to Varun: He
Just fix the date and time. - I am ready - t Rajani says she will, but is asking Sujani to tell
ÉC is telling us that he is ready, and to fix the Rajani: I will, but tell me how much you want
statement. Just fix the date and time - ÉC her how much she wants her to spend.
date and time. 'he is ready' - statement 鬕öÀd me to spend.
that 'fix the date and time' imperative t Sujani tells Rajani not to spend more than
imperative ûÓ, Sujani: Not more than Rs. 100 a dozen. Don't
to
鬕öÀd, ûÓ begin Å´¤-û√®·. Rs.100.
3. Pridhvi (To Akash & Varun): You decide buy if it is more than that. t Rajani tells Sujani not to expect her back early
t Varun reporting Pridhvi's words to Akash: He
and let me to know where to go and when to Rajani: Don't expect me back early. t Sujani replies that it doesn't matter when
has told us to decide and let him know where
go and I will take you there and then. to go and when to go, and that he will take us Rajani comes back and asks her to take
Sujani: Doesn't matter when you come back.
''You decide and let me know......to go..." there. 'He has told.. to go' imper- Rs.100.
ÉC Ééπ\úø, ´®Ωèπÿ Take this hundred rupees.
ative to 'he will take us there' state- t Rajani tells Sujani to give to her after she
imperative. 鬕öÀd ûÓ, Rajani: Give it to me after I return.
ment 鬕öÀd that
ûÓ begin îË≤ƒhç. returned.
I will take you there- ÉC statement.
Direct Reported
Kavitha: Vinitha, don't make a noise. Kavitha asked (Past tense) Vinitha not to make a
Be quiet (íÌúø´ îËߪ’èπ◊, E¨¡z-•lçí¬ Öçúø’) noise and be quiet. (éπ-N-ûª, NF-ûª†’ íÌúø´ îÁßÁ·uü¿lE, E¨¡z-
•lçí¬ Öçúø-´’E îÁ°œpçC) – È®çúø÷ Imperative 鬕öÀd, to
make and be quiet Å-ØË-N infinitives.
Vinitha: Give me those sweets then, Vinitha asked her mom to give her those sweets (ûª†èπ◊
mom (Å®·ûË Ø√èπ◊ -Ç Æ‘y-ö¸q É-´¤y) -Ç Æ‘y-ö¸q É´’tE NFûª ¢√∞¡x-´’t-†-úÕ-TçC) Imperative- to give
- infinitive.
Kavitha: You have already had Kavitha told Vinitha that she had already had enough.
Kavitha: Vinitha, don't make a noise. Be quiet.
Å°æ¤púø’ á´®Ó Past ™ îÁ°œpçC, É°æ¤púø’ ´’†- enough. Be a good child and don't eat She told Vinitha to be a good child and not to eat any
(NFû√, íÌúø´ îËߪ’èπ◊, E¨¡z-•lçí¬ Öçúø’.) ´÷-ô™x ´’†ç ᙫ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç... any more. (É°æp-öÀÍé î√L-†çûª AØ√o´¤. more. 'You have already had...' ÉC statement. 鬕öÀd,
Vinitha: Give me those sweets then, mom. that you had already had Å´¤-ûª’çC.
He/ she/ they, told/ asked/ said/ ordered ÅE ´’ç* -Å-´÷t®·-N éπü∆. Éçéπ A†èπ◊.)
(Å®·ûË Ø√èπ◊ -Ç Æ‘y-ô’x É´y´÷t.) past tense ™ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç éπü∆. Å°æ¤púø’ é¬Ææh Vinitha: Let me just one more piece of Vinitha asked her mother to let her have one more
Kavitha: You've already had a quite a lot. Be a ñ«ví∫ûªh Å´-Ææ®Ωç. Kalakand. I will not ask for more. (ÉçéÓ piece of kalakand and said that she would not ask for
good child. ´·éπ\ éπ-™«-éπçú˛ É´¤y. ØËEçéπ ´’Sx Åúø-í∫†’.) more.
´’†ç -J-§Ú®˝d îËÆæ’h†o ¢√∞¡x ´÷ô-™xE Verbs ÅFo 'I will not... more'- statement 鬕öÀd, ´’†ç report îËÊÆ-ô-
(É°æp-öÀÍé î√L-†çûª AØ√o´¤/ A-†o-C î√©’. Past tense forms ™éÀ ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç.
´’ç* -Å-´÷t®·-N éπü∆) °æ¤púø’ that -ûÓ begin îË≤ƒhç. will -†’ would í¬ ´÷®√aç í∫ü∆.
Look at the following
Vinitha: Let me have just one more piece of Let us now try to report the
Kalakand. I will not ask for more. Direct Speech Reported (Indirect) Speech conversation at the begining
1. Suketh: Come in Subodh. My idea is Suketh told Subodh to come in and said that his idea of the lesson between the
to take you to a movie this evening (®√ was to take him to a movie that evening (Ææ’Íéû˝ Ææ’¶- mother and her daughter.
Ææ’¶üµ˛, -Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç -E-†’o ÆœE-´÷èπ◊ BÆæ’- üµ˛†’ ™°æ-LéÀ ®Ω´’tE Åûª-úÕE Ç ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ÆœE-´÷èπ◊ BÆæ’-Èé∞Ïx (See above table )
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 186 èπ◊-¢Á-∞¡-ü∆-´’E Ø√ -Ç-™-îª-†.) Ç™- Öçü¿E îÁ§ƒpúø’) Exercise:
M. SURESAN
2. Subodh: Put it off to tomorrow. I Subodh told Suketh to put it off to the next day and Kavitha, her daughter conver-
have some important work in the added/said that he had some important work in the sation (at the beginning of the lesson) N’í∫û√
evening. (Í®°æöÀéÀ ¢√®·ü∆ -¢Ë-≤Ú\. evening (ü∆Eo ´’®Ω’-Ææ-öÀ-®Ó-Vèπ◊ ¢√®·ü∆ ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´’E, ûª†èπ◊ Ç ¶µ«í¬Eo É™« °æöÀdéπ UÆœ, report îËߪ’çúÕ.
(äéπ\ éπ-™«-éπçú˛ É´¤y.؈’ ´’Sx Åúø-í∫†’) ≤ƒßª’çvûªç Ø√èπ◊ ´·êu-¢Á’i-†- °æE ÖçC) ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ´·êu-¢Á’i-†-°æE Öçü¿F ÅØ√oúø’) Reported/Indirect Speech ™éÀ ´÷Ja, -Gí∫_®Ωí¬ -v§ƒéÃdÆˇ
Kavitha: That'll be one too many, child. No. Do
-îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.
your home work first. If you eat any
îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆. Suketh, Subodh ´÷ô-©†’ ´’†ç
more, you will fall ill.
report îËÊÆ-°æ¤púø’ reporting verb, told, said ™«çöÀ
(ÉçéÌéπ\öÀ áèπ◊\¢ÁjØ√ áèπ◊\-¢Áj-†õ‰x. ™‰ü¿’. past forms ¢√ú≈L. Åçü¿’-éπE Suketh, Subodh ©
´·çü¿’ £æ«Ù-¢˛’-´®˝\ îÁ®·u. Éçé¬ Açõ‰, ´÷ô-™xE Present tense verbs is, have ™«çöÀ
äçöÀéÀ -Å-Ø√®Óí∫uç -îËÆæ’hç-C.)
Vinitha: Then give it after I do my homework.
¢√öÀE was, had ™«çöÀ past forms èπ◊ ´÷®√aç.
Å®·ûË ´·êu-¢Á’†i N≠æߪ’ç
(Å®·ûË £æ«Ù-¢˛’-´®˝\ îËÆœ† ûª®√yûª É´¤y.) Direct †’ç* reported èπ◊ ´÷Í®a-ô-°æ¤púø’, Imperative
´’ç* -Å-´÷t®·-N éπü∆!
Kavitha: You are not getting any more for Sentences ™E Verb tenses ´÷vûªç ´÷®Ωaç. -v°æ-¨¡o: Mean while, However, So that, In order to, However– sentence ´’üµ¿u™ èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
today. I'm going to tell dad you are a) Teacher: Ram, show me your home work - By way of °æü∆-©èπ◊ Å®√n©’, ¢√úø’éπ ûÁL-ߪ’-îË- a) The book gives very valuable information.
asking for too many sweets. Direct speech. ߪ’çúÕ. However it is very expensive =
(Ééπ Ñ ®ÓV-éÀç-ûË / Ééπ Ñ®ÓV Æ‘y-ö¸q àç The teacher asked Ram to show – Èé. ¢Áçéπ-õ‰-¨¡y-®Ω-®√´¤, §ÒCL. Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç î√™« N©’-¢Áj† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç ÉÆæ’hçC. é¬-F/-
-™‰-´¤. †’´¤y ´’K áèπ◊\´ Æ‘y-ö¸q Åúø’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o- her, his home work. Direct speech Å®·ûË üµ¿®Ω î√™« áèπ◊\´.
´E Ø√†oûÓ îÁ-•’-û√-†’çúø’.) ™E 'show' ´’†ç reported speech -ï-¢√-•’: Mean while b) I lent him my book, which, however, he
Vinitha: I will tell dad too that you aren't giving ™ to show -ÅE infinitive í¬ 1) v°æÆæ’h-û√-EéÃ, ¶µºN-≠æuû˝ Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u™ never returned =
me any sweets. ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç. – (Imperative sentence (Ñ ™í¬) ¢√úÕéÀ Ø√ °æ¤Ææhéπç Éî√a†’. é¬E ¢√úø’ ´’Sx Ø√èπ◊
(†’´y-Ææ©’ Æ‘y-ö¸q É´y-ôç -™‰-ü¿E Ø√†oûÓ é¬•öÀd) a) The guests will be here in an hour. Mean- AJ-T-´y-™‰ü¿’.
؈÷ îÁ§ƒh) b) Ram: Come in Shyam and have a seat. while let us prepare a good meal for So that
Kavitha: Come on. Get your books and start Ram told Shyam to come in and have them = So that Åçõ‰ Åçü¿’-éÓÆæç ÅE Å®Ωnç.
doing the home work. You are talking a seat. (Imperative, direct ™E come ÅAü∑¿’©’ í∫çô™ ´îËa-≤ƒh®Ω’. Ñ a) He worked very hard so that he
too much. †’ ´’†ç report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ to come in ™í¬ ´’†ç ´’ç* ¶µï†ç ûªßª÷- might get a rank =
(£æ«Ù-¢˛’-´®˝\ é¬F. °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ ûÁa-èπ◊E ¢Á·ü¿- ÅE infinitive í¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç.- ®Ω’-îËü∆lç. ´’ç* rank ´Ææ’hç-ü¿ØË ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ
-©’ °ô’d. †’´¤y ´’K áèπ◊\´ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’- N’í∫û√ types of sentences †’ report b) I will be leaving in 10 min- éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ îªC-¢√úø’.
utes. Meanwhile I want to call b) She started early so that she
Ø√o´¤) îËÊÆ--ô°æ¤úø’, Reporting verb told/ asked might not miss the train =
™« past tense ™ Öçõ‰, report îËÊÆ ´÷ô- my friend =
Vinitha: Please... mom. Let me watch the TV È®j-©’ -ûª°œp-§Úèπÿ-úø-ü¿-ØË ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ -ûªy®Ωí¬
for some time. I will do the home work ™xE verbs ÅEo Verbs, past tense ™éÀ ؈’ 10 EN’-≥ƒ™x ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ûª’Ø√o. Ñ™-
•ßª’-™‰l-JçC.
later. ´÷®√aL; éÀçC Nüµ¿çí¬: - í¬ ´÷ -v°∂ç-ú˛éÀ -äéπ≤ƒ-J -§∂Ú-Ø˛ îËߪ÷-©-†’-
a) Inorder to: In order to pass you must study
Direct Reported
èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.
(Å´÷t.. Å´÷t... é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ -öÃ-O îª÷-úø-E-¢√y? well = -§ƒÆˇ ÅßË’uç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¶«í¬ îªü¿-¢√L.
Ç ûª®√yûª £æ«Ù-¢˛’-´®˝\ îË≤ƒh†’.) 2) È®çúø’ í∫ûª Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†-© π◊ ´’üµ¿u.. b) In order to qualify for IIT entrance test you
am, is, are was, were a) We agreed to meet the next week. Meanwhile I
Kavitha: OK. Go on then. should pass Inter in the first attempt
was, were had been had to leave for Mumbai on urgent business =
(ÆæÍ®, Å™«Íí é¬E-ß˝’) IIT entrance exam èπ◊ Å®Ω|ûª §Òçü¿-ö«-EéÀ -Éç-ô®˝
1st RDW (come, go etc) Past Doing Word ¢Ë’ç ûª®√yûª ¢√®Ωç éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊Ø√oç. Éçûª™ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ v°æߪ’-ûªoç-™ØË -§ƒÆˇ Å¢√yL.
You must have observed that the conversation
2nd RDW (comes, (came, went etc) (Ç™-í¬)؈’ -Å®Ωçb -ö¸ °æE-O’ü¿ ´·ç¶„j ¢Á∞«x-™Ôq-*açC. Å®·ûË, In order to ¢√úË -v°æ-A -îÓ-ö« to ¢√úÌa. ÉC
between the mother and her daughter has only b) I met him five years later. Meanwhile he had
goes etc) simple, In order to éÌçîÁç §ƒçúÕûªuç. ¢√úø-èπ◊çú≈
imperatives (Çïc©’, Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷, Åúø-í∫-ö«©’) and got married =
PDW (came, went etc) had + past participle Öçúøôç ´’ç*C. to î√©’. In order to Åéπ\-Í®x-ü¿’.
statements. (äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ûÁLÊ° sentences)
(had come, had gone
Åûª-úÕE ؈’ âüË∞¡x ûª®√yûª éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o. Ñ -™í¬ By way of (Ç ®Ω÷°æç™)
Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç Imperative sentences †÷, etc)
Åûªúø’ °Rx îËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.- He received Rs.10 lac by way of dowry =
statements †÷ reported speech ™éÀ ´÷Í®a-ô- However
shall should Åûªúø’ éπôoç ®Ω÷°æç™ 10 ©éπ~© ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ -BÆæ’èπ◊-
°æ¤púø’ Reporting Verb, present tense ™ É™« However èπ◊ äéπ Å®Ωnç but (é¬F, Å®·ûË). ≤ƒ´÷- Ø√oúø’.
will would
¢√ú≈ç . †uçí¬ but ûÓ sentence Ç®Ωç-Gµçîªç. Å®·ûË how- b) Drona demanded Ekalavya's thumb by way
can could ever ûÓ sentence Ç®Ωç-Gµç-îª-´îª’a. (´·çü¿’ îÁ°œp†
tell/ tells/ is, am, are telling/ have, has told/ of 'gurudakshina'.
ask/ asks/ is, am, are asking/ have, has may might N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ -Gµ-†oçí¬, ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬ àüÁjØ√ N≠æߪ’ç îÁ§ƒp- vüÓù’úø’ í∫’®Ω’-ü¿-éÀ~-ùí¬ àéπ-©-´¤uúÕ ¶Ôô-†-¢Ë©’ ÅúÕ-í¬úø’.
asked. should Lq-´ÊÆh, Ç N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo however ûÓ îÁ§ƒhç)
must
Bhavan: I called your home twice last evening, You see that there are a number of questions
but there wasn't any response. in the conversation. Bhavan puts a number of
(؈’ E†o ≤ƒßª’çvûªç O’ ÉçöÀéÀ questions to Mohan.
È®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x Phone î˨»†’, é¬E á´®Ω÷ We are now going to see how to report ques-
Bߪ’-™‰ü¿’) tions. (Questions indirect speech
†’ ™éÀ ᙫ
Mohan: We were all out at the exhibition. ´÷®√a™ Ñ lesson ™ îª÷ü∆lç):
(¢Ë’´’çû√ exhibition èπ◊ ¢Á∞«}ç) You know there are two types of questions:
Bhavan: I called you to know the details of the 1) 'Wh' questions - questions beginning with
match. When is the match? 'Wh' words what, when, where, why, who,
(
´÷uî˝ N´-®√© éÓÆæç §∂ÚØ˛ î˨»†’. á°æ¤pú≈ whom, whose and how. beginOöÀûÓ ÅßË’u
´÷uî˝?) questions †’ 'Wh' questions Åçö«ç. Direct speech ™ Ö†o questions report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, éÌEo ´÷®Ω’p©’ èπÿú≈ îËߪ÷L
eg: What is your name? (do, does and didN≠æ-ߪ’ç™). See the table.
Mohan: There are two matches. What match
are you talking of? Where is he?
DIRECT REPORTED SPEECH
(È®çúø’ matches ÖØ√o®·. à ´÷uî˝ 2) Non 'Wh' questions: 'Wh' words ûÓ Reporting verb present tense Reporting verb past tense
í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o¢˛?) v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç-é¬E questions.
Bhavan: Which of the two is this weekend? eg: a) Is he your friend? 1. Do + 1st Regular Doing Come, know, take etc. Came, knew, took etc.
(Ñ ¢√®√çûªç™ ÖçúËC à ´÷uî˝?) b) Are you happy? etc. Word: do come, do know, (I RDW) (Past Doing Word)
Mohan: It's the match with the team of 'The Ñ≤ƒJ ´’†ç 'Wh' questions †’ ᙫ report do take etc.
Nedu' group of publications. îËߪ÷™ (indirect speech ™éÀ ´÷®√a™) îª÷ü∆lç: 2. Does + 1st Regular Doing comes, knows, takes, etc came, knew, took, etc.
(Å®·ûË ÅC 'ØËúø’— v°æ-®Ω-ù© team ûÓ) Word: does come, does (II Regular Doing Word)
Bhavan: Where are we going to play the know, does take, etc
match? 3. Did + 1st Regular Doing had come, had known, had
came, knew, took, etc.
(Ñ match áéπ\úø Çúø-¶-ûª’Ø√oç?)
Mohan: At the stadium grounds.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 188 Word: did come, did know,
did take, etc.
taken, etc.
(had + past participle)
(ÊÆdúÕߪ’ç víıçú˛q™)
It's days since I saw you ing. Hasn't any one told
you of it? Haven't you
called my home?
(statement+non 'wh' question)
asks/ is asking Pramod if any
one hasn't told him of it and if
he hasn't called his home.
morning. He asked Vinod if any
one had not told him of it and if
he had not called his home.
3. Pramod: Why didn't you Pramod asks Vinod why he did- Pramod asked Vinod why he
tell me before leaving? n't tell him before leaving, and had not told him before leaving
(¢Á∞Ï}´·çü¿’ áçü¿’èπ◊ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿÷? O’ (É°æ¤púø’ ¢√öÀE îª÷úø-´’ç-ö«¢√? Å´’t Your college and home says that his college and home and said that his college and
college, O’ É©’x î√™« ü¿÷®Ωçí¬ Öçúø- are so far off that I could- home were too far off to get
§∂ÚØ˛ îË≤ÚhçC. ؈’ ¢ÁçôØË ÉçöÀéÀ are too far off to get any infor-
ôç-´©x Ø√Íé N≠æߪ’ç ûÁL-ߪ’-™‰ü¿’. ÅçûË- n't get any information. mation. Moreover he was busy any information. Moreover he
é¬-èπ◊çú≈ ´÷ college ≤ƒçÆæ \%Aéπ -Öûªq-¢√- ¢Á∞«xL. ¢√öÀE -ØË-†’ Í®§Ò-*a-†-°æ¤púø’
Moreover I was busy too, too with their college cultural had been busy too with their
îª÷°œç.) with our college cultural
©ûÓ Ø√èπ◊ BJé𠙉èπ◊ç-ú≈ -§Ú-®·çC.) festivals. college cultural festivals.
Pramod: Do come down tomorrow. Just not festivals.
Vinod: Did you participate in them? Did you
get any prizes?
to see the prizes but to give me your í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Wh questions, statement combination Ééπ\úø.
company. Don't disappoint me. 4. Vinod: Did you participate Vinod is asking/ asks/ has Vinod asked Pramod if he had
(†’¢Ëy-´’Ø√o §ƒ™Ô_-Ø√o¢√? FÍé-´’Ø√o
(Í®°æ¤ ûª°æpéπ ®√. Ø√ prizes îª÷úø-ö«-EéÀ in them? Did you get any asked Pramod if he participat- participated in any of them and
•£æ›-´’-ûª’-™Ô-î√aߪ÷?)
ÅE é¬ü¿’, é¬Ææh Ø√ûÓ í∫úÕ-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊. ††’o prizes? ed in any of them and if he got if he had got any prizes.
Pramod: I did ofcourse, and won prizes too.
E®√-¨¡-°æ-®Ω-îªèπ◊) (Only non wh questions) any prizes.
(§ƒ™Ô_-Ø√o†’. •£æ›-´’-ûª’©’ èπÿú≈ 5. Pramod: I did, of course Pramod replies that he did, Pramod replied that he had, of
Vinod: OK. Bye then.
´î√a®·.) and won prizes too. of course and won prizes too. course and had won prizes too.
(Statement)
6. Vinod: Congrats. What Vinod congratulates Pramod Vinod congratulated Pramod
´’†ç Éçûª-´-®Ω π◊ report îËߪ’ôç ûÁ©’-Ææ’- π◊†o sentences ®Ω鬩’, prizes did you get? Did and asks him what prizes he and asked him what prizes he
¢√öÀE report îËÊÆ °æü¿l¥-ûª’©’: you participate in debate?got, and if he participated in had got and if he had partici-
debates. pated in debates.
Type of sentence Method of Reporting (Reporting °æü¿l¥A) ('Wh' question, non Wh question combination)
1. Imperative (Çïc©÷, Report îËߪ÷-Lq† ´÷ô-™xE verb ´·çü¿’, to °öÀd infinitive îË≤ƒhç. EXERCISE: Report and practise aloud the rest of the conversation. Use both present and past
Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷, Åúø-í∫-ö«©÷ Report: tense reporting verbs. Compare your answer with ours:
ûÁLÊ°) sentences ANSWER:
Kamala is asking/ asks/ has asked Neelam to go away.
eg: Kamala: Neelam,
(Ééπ\úø, Kamala asked ÅØ√o èπÿú≈ to go away ÅØË ´Ææ’hçC) DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
go away.
Reporting verb present tense Reporting verb past tense
2. Statements
Report
(äéπ N≠æ- that Pramod tells Vinod that he got Pramod told Vinod that he had
îËߪ÷-Lq† ¶µ«í¬Eo ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. Pramod: I got prizes in
ߪ÷Eo ûÁLÊ° sen- light music, debate and prizes in ... , and asks him/ is ask- got prizes in ... , and asked him
Report:
tences)
a) Srikanth tells Rani that his sister has come back mimicry. Won't you see ing him/ has asked him if he won't if he wouldn't see his prizes. He
eg: Srikanth: Rani, my my prizes? Come in. see his prizes. He asks him to asked him to come in.
sister has come back b) Srikanth told Rani that his sister had come back
come in.
3. 'Wh' questions Report question
îËߪ÷-Lq† 'wh'
¶µ«í¬Eo ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç* question Vinod: Do you want me Vinod asks Pramod if he wants Vinod asked Pramod if he want-
word order (vb + sub/ Hv + sub + Mv) †’ statement word order to see them now? him to see them then. He says ed him to see them then. He
eg:
(sub + verb) í¬ ´÷®Ωaôç Mom's calling me over that Mom is calling him over said Mom was calling him over
Sushma: Sumanth, phone. I have to be phone and he has to be urgently phone and he had to be urgent-
where are Report: a) Sushma is asking/ asks/ has asked Sumanth where he is
urgently at home. Show at home. He asks Pramod to ly at home. He asked Pramod to
you? b) Sushma asked Sumanth where he was show them to him tomorrow. show them to him the next day.
them to me tomorrow.
4. Non 'Wh' question Report îËߪ÷Lq† ¶µ«í∫ç ´·çü¿’, If/ whether é¬F °öÀd °j example ™ Pramod: Do come Pramod tells/ is telling Vinod to Pramod told Vinod to come-
question word order †’ statement word order í¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç. down tomorrow, just not come down tomorrow, just not to down the next day, just not to
eg: ™«í¬
to see the prizes but to see the prizes but to give him his see the prizes but to give him
Kesav: Kedar, are Report: a) Kesav asks/ is asking/ has asked Kedar if he is coming.
give me your company. company. He asks Vinod not to his company. He asked Vinod
you coming? b) Kesav asked Kedar if he was coming
Don't disappoint me. disappoint him. not to disappoint him.
1. How cold the day is! The day is very cold Åç-ûªèπ◊ ´·ç-üË ´’†ç Ç exclamation †’ statement (-õ‰-•’-™¸ 4 îª÷úøç-úÕ)
(áçûª îªLí¬ ÖçüÓ Ñ ®ÓV) (Ñ¢Ë∞¡ î√™« îªLí¬ ÖçC) í¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç. (The scenery is very beautiful)
2. What a beautiful Car it is! The car is very beautiful
(Ç car áçûª Åçü¿çí¬ ÖçüÓ!) (Ç Car î√™« Åçü¿çí¬ ÖçC) ANSWER to the exercise 4
3. How well she sings! She sings very well.
DIRECT SPEECH REPORT
(áçûª ¶«í¬ §ƒúø’hçüÓ!) (Å¢Á’ î√™« ¶«í¬ §ƒúø’-ûª’çC)
Present tense Reporting verb Past tense Reporting verb
4. What a building it is! It is a very good/beautiful/big building.
(áçûª ´’ç*/Åçü¿-¢Á’i†/°ü¿l éπôd-úø¢Á÷!) Ranjan: Here's something Ranjan tells Kundan that there Ranjan told Kundan that there
(ÅC î√™« ´’ç*/Åçü¿-¢Á’i†/°ü¿l éπôdúøç) for a change. Don't Worry is something for a change and was something for a change
asks him not to worry. and asked him not to worry.
Direct Speech Report
2 Reporting Verb-Present Reporting Verb-Past Kundan: What it is? Kundan asks him what it is. Kundan asked him what it was.
The Tourist: How The tourist exclaims The tourist exclaimed
beautiful the that the scenery is that the scenery Ranjan: You are here just Ranjan tells Kundan that he is Ranjan told Kundan that he was
scenery is ! very beautiful. was very beautiful. when I am about to have a there just when he is about to there just when he (Ranjan) was
mango. Happy. Let me treat have a mango. Ranjan is happy. about to have a mango. He was
you to some wonderful He wishes to treat Kundan to happy. He wished to treat
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH -REPORT mangoes. They are from some wonderful mangoes. They Kundan to some wonderful
3 Reporting verb Present tense Reporting verb Past tense our own groves - fresh, are from their groves - fresh, mangoes - they were from their
Ranjan: What a pleas- Ranjan exclaims (to Kundan/on fleshy and juicy. fleshy and juicy. groves - fresh, fleshy and juicy.
Ranjan exclaimed (to Kundan/on
ure it is to see you! seeing Kundan) that It is a great seeing Kundan) that it was a
Kundan: Yes. I smell them. Kundan (says yes) and that he Kundan (said yes) and that he
pleasure to see him.. great pleasure to see him)
How tempting the smell is! smells them. He exclaims that smelt them. He exclaimed that
í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπ-ü∆. What a pleasure it is to see you! ÅØË exclamation†’ ¢Á·ü¿ô statement form™éÀ the smell is very tempting. the smell was very tempting.
´÷®√aç: It is a great pleasure to see him. ü∆Eo report î˨»ç. exclaims/exclaimed ÅØË reporting verb-ûÓ Ranjan: Here you are. Have it. Ranjan offers the mango to Ranjan offered the mango to
Kundan: How pleased Kundan exclaims that he is Kundan exclaimed that he was Kundan Kundan.
I am to be with you very pleased to be with Ranjan very pleased to be with Ranjan Kundan exclaims that it is very Kundan exclaimed that it was
Kundan: Haa... how deli-
again! again. again. delicious. They don't get such very delicious. They didn't get
cious it is! At my place of
Ranjan: What a smart Ranjan exclaims that Kundan has Ranjan exclaimed that Kundan had work we don't get such fruit fruit at his place of work. They such fruit at his place of work.
fellow you've grown into! grown into a very smart fellow. grown into a very smart fellow. how sweet! are/it is very sweet. they were/ it was very sweet.
Kundan: What a bore it Kundan exclaims that it is a big Kundan exclaimed that it was a
big bore to turn out in these Ranjan: Take some with Ranjan asks Kundan to take Ranjan asked Kundan to take
is to turn out in these bore to turn out in these/those
clothes every day. clothes everyday. you when you go. some with him when he goes. some with him when he went
clothes every day!
í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 3 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
-v°æ-¨¡o:
Pratibha: That's why I asked you to tell me
™«çöÀ Å®√n-©ûÓ É´Fo Çïc©’, Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷ ûÁL-Ê°N–
2. Questions: ÉN Åçü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’– v°æ¨¡o©’– eg: a) come in ( =you come in) = (Asking)
about them.
È®çúø’ ®Ω鬩’: b) Please help me (you please come in- request) What is the difference between ..
(Åçü¿’-éπØË éπü∆ E†’o îÁ§ƒp-©çC)
a) 'Wh' questions - What, Which, Where, c) Get out (you get out) - order. a) The Eenadu was published first from
Mahima: Many people didnot find their names
When, Why, Who, Whom, Whose and Vizag.
on the voter lists. Liquor flowed (Oô-Eoç-öÀéà subject 'you' ØË. ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬
how Wh
™«çöÀ v°æ¨»o-®Ωnéπ °æü∆©’– É´Fo ûÓ b) The Eenadu was published first in Vizag.
freely. Money- lots of it- passed ´C-™‰≤ƒhç)
'Wh' Words
¢Á·ü¿-©-´¤-û√®· 鬕öÀd– OöÀE c) The Eenadu was first published in Vizag.
hands. There were group clashes 4) Exclamations:
Åçö«ç.
and faction fights. We passed a) What a fool you are!
-ï-¢√-•’:
– G. £æ«†’-´’çûª®√´¤, ´÷Ωx.
b) Non 'Wh' questions- 'Wh' words ™‰E
through the worst of the tension. What (Wh word) + a fool (noun) + you
questions.
(î√™«-´’çC Ê°®Ω’x ãô®Ωx ñ«G-û√™ ™‰´¤. (sub) + are (verb) Ç ´‚úø’ ¢√é¬u™x The Eenadu was pub-
3. Imperative sentences: Çïc©÷, Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷, lished from Vizag ÅØËC éπÈ®é˙d. N’í∫û√
´’ü¿uç üµ∆®√-∞¡çí¬ §ƒJçC. °-ü¿l-¢Á·-ûªhç™ b) How good he is! - How (Wh word) + good
Åúø-í∫-ö«©÷ ûÁLÊ° sentences. È®çúø÷ ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. publish Åçõ‰ v°æ-Jç-
úø•’s îËûª’©’ ´÷JçC. ´®Ω_-§Ú-®√-ö«©÷ (adj) + he (sub) + is (verb)
4. Exclamations: Ǩ¡a-®√uEo, £æ«®∏√-ü∆s¥-¢√-©†÷
ïJ-í¬®·. î√™« tension ņ’¶µº-Nçî√ç) ûÁL-Ê°N: c) How well he plays!
îªôç – Åçõ‰ °ævA-éπ© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ¢Á©’-´-úøôç
Pratibha: We pride on being a democratic How (Wh word) + well (adv) + he (sub) +
ÅE Å®Ωnç. °ævA-éπ©’ -äéπ-îÓ-ô ´·vü¿ù Å®·-†-
Let us now study the word order in each °æp-öÀéÃ, Åéπ\úÕ †’ç* N’í∫û√îÓôxèπ◊ ¢Á∞¡-û√®·
Country. plays (verb)
of the four types of sentences and how 鬕öÀd published from Åçö«®Ω’.
(´’†ç àüÓ v°æñ«-≤ƒy´’u ü˨¡-´’E í∫®Ωy- they can be changed into the statement 4 kinds of sentences word order Ææ÷n©çí¬:
°æ-úøû√ç) word order. (This is very important for
Statement Question Imperative sentence Exclamation
Mahima: These politicians, oh, God! Reporting, direct speech).
(
Ñ ®√ï-éÃߪ’ Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊©’ î√©’. Word Order in .. Subject + Verb 1) Verb + Subject You (subject îÁ°æpç) + Wh word + noun/
2) Helping Verb + Subject + verb. adjective/ adverb +
üË´¤-úÓß˝’!) 1) Statement: Statement word order: Subject +
verb. statement Subject Main Verb verb sub + verb.
´’†ç Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Imperative structures, Åçõ‰ ™ á°æ¤púø÷ ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬ ´·çü¿’
statements, questions ('wh', non-wh), excla- ´·çü¿÷, ûª®Ω-¢√ûª verb ´≤ƒh®·. É°æ¤púø’ îª÷úøçúÕ: 3) Wh word + Verb + Subject éπE-°œ-Ææ’hçC. Question ™-™« é¬èπ◊çú≈
mations report îËߪ’ôç (Indirect speech ™ a) He is a singer - word order- 4) Wh word + Helping Verb + You á°æ¤púø÷ subject. Ééπ\úø sentence *´®Ω
îÁ°æpôç) îª÷¨»ç. He (Subject) + is (verb) + ... Subject + Main Verb N†-°æ-úøü¿’ ü∆ü∆°æ¤. verb ¢√úøû√ç.
It is raining now...
Answer to exercise under lesson 193
Pratibha: Hi Mahima, how Pratibha tells she is very glad to Pratibha told Mahima that she
glad I am to see you! How see mahima and asks her if was very glad to see Mahima and
Pranav asked Santhi if he would ever
Rajat: Do. As soon as I get there, I shall call is everybody in your vil- every body is well in her village. asked her if everybody was well in
become rich. Santhi assured that he would. her village.
you and we can meet each other. lage?
(Å™« -îÁß˝’. ؈’ -C∑µßË’-ô®˝ ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ ®√í¬ØË, ÉçéÓ Example: Mahima: We are all OK. Mahima says they are all OK. She Mahima said that they were all
OK. She thanked Pratibha and
Fèπ◊ §∂ÚØ˛ îË≤ƒh. ´’E-ü¿l®Ωç éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´îª’a.) Sankar: Shall I be happy if I accept the job? Thank you. How are you. thanks Pratibha and asks her how she is. asked her how she was.
Rohit: Shall I take the bike? Ramani: You will be, certainly. Pratibha: Fine too. Thank Pratibha says she is fine too. She Pratibha said that she was fine
(؈’ Bike BÆæ’-éÓØ√?) Reporting Verb Reported Verb you, what news? Did the thanks her and asks her for news. too. She thanked her and asked
Present tense Past tense local body elections in She asks her if the local body elec- her if the local body elections in
Rajat: How shall I come then?
your village go off well? tions in her village went off well. her village had gone off well.
(ØËØÁ™« ®√†’?) Sankar is asking Sankar asked
Mahima: Didn't you read Mahima asks Pratibha if she did- Mahima asked Pratibha if she had
Ramani if he will be Ramani if he would
Rohit: Shall I come back and pick you up? about them in the papers n't read about them in the not read about them in the papers
happy if he accepts be happy if he
(؈’ AJ-íÌ*a E†’o BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡xØ√?) what did you watch on papers, and what she watched and what she had watched on the
the job. accepted the job.
Rajat: Don't worry. I shall take an auto. the TV? on the TV. TV.
Ramani assures him Ramani assured
Pratibha: I did of course. Pratibha says/replies that she Pratibha replied that she had
(°∂æ®√y-™‰-ü¿’™‰. ؈’ Çö™ ´≤ƒh.) that he will be, cer- him that he would
Rohit: I shall get going then. But it is different to hear did but it is different to hear about done but it was different to hear
tainly. be, certainly.
about them from one like them from one like her on the about them from one like her on
(Å®·ûË Øˆ’ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω’û√)
you on the scene. scene. the scene.
Rajat: Do. (é¬F.) É°æ¤púø’ shall -¢√-úË È®çúÓ °æ-ü¿l¥-A:
Mahima: Get me some Mahima wants some water. Mahima asked for some water
É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ÅEo ®Ω鬩 sentences Kumar: Shall I help you? water first.
†÷ report îËÊÆ Nüµ∆†ç îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. Å®·ûË ÉC Kumar îËÆæ’h†o offer. Reporting verb
Pratibha: Have some Pratibha offers some coffee too. Pratibha offered some coffee too.
shall ûÓ Ö†o questions †’ report -îËÊÆ N≠æ- present tense Å®·ûË, Kumar is asking her
Coffee too.
if he can help her. Å®·ûË É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™–
ߪ’ç™ éÌçûª ñ«ví∫ûªh Å´-Ææ®Ωç. Mahima: Thank you. Now Mahima thanks Pratibha. About Mahima thanked Pratibha. About
Present day English usage ™ shall èπÿ (spoken English ™) He is offering to help the elections she (says she) is the election she (said she) was
about the elections. I'm
will èπÿ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ àç ûËú≈ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ¢√úË-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. her -Å-†-úøç Öûªh´’ç. happy they are all over. She says happy they were all over. She said
happy they are all over.
shall ¢√ú≈-Lq† îÓô™«x, ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅEo-îÓö«x will ÉüË reported verb past tense ™ Å®·ûË. Oh what we have been Pratibha cannot imagine what Pratibha could not imagine what
¢√úË-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. Shall, will -´’-üµ¿u ûËú≈-†’ -É°æ¤p-úø’ Kumar asked Santhi if he should help her through you just can't they have been through. they had been through.
Åçûªí¬ °æöÀdç-éÓ-´-úøç-™‰-ü¿’. Å®·ûË I and we ûÓ Å´¤-ûª’çC. Åçõ‰ É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx, ´’†ç îËߪ’-¶ßË’ imagine.
questions èπ◊ ´÷vûªç Éçé¬ áèπ◊\-´í¬ shall °æ†’© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™, shall •ü¿’©’ should Pratibha: That's why I Pratibha says that's why she Pratibha said that was why she
¢√úø’-ûª÷ØË ÖØ√o®Ω’. ´Ææ’hçC. asked you to tell me asked her to tell her all about had asked her to tell her all about
Shall †’ I and we ûÓ question form ™ È®çúø’ Prasad: When shall I see you again? about them. them. them.
®Ωé¬-©’í¬ ¢√úøû√ç: Pramod: You can see me whenever you like. Mahima: Many people did Mahima says that many people Mahima said that many people
1) Indefinite future- ´’†ç éπ*aûªçí¬ Ü£œ«ç-îª-™‰E/ Prasad asked Pramod when he should see not find their names on did not find their names on the had not found their names on the
´’†èπ◊ future ™ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çü∆/ ï®Ω-í∫ü∆ ÅE him again. Pramod told him that he could the voter list. Liquor voter list, that liquor flowed voter list that liquor had flowed
ÆæJí¬_ ûÁL-ߪ’E N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ í∫’Jç* question ™ flowed freely. Money- lots freely, that money- lots of it- freely that money- lots of it- had
see him whenever he liked.
of it changed hands. changed hands and that there changed hands and that there had
´ÊÆh shall ¢√ú≈L. Now look at the following conversation at
There were group clash- were group clashes and faction been group clashes and faction
a) Shall I ever become great? = the beginning of the lesson:
es and faction fights. We fights. They passed through fights. they had passed through
1) Rohit (to Rajat): How shall I go? the worst of tension.
passed through the worst worst of tension.
؈’ àØ√öÀ-ÈéjØ√ íÌ°æp-¢√-úÕ-†-´¤-û√Ø√?
b) Shall I be happy there? = Report: Rohit asked Rajat how he should go. of tension.
؈-éπ\úø ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ Öçö«Ø√? (Reporting verb - past tense). Pratibha: We pride on Pratibha says we pride on being Pratibha said we prided on being
c) Shall We need these books after we com- Rohit asks Rajat how he can go. being a democratic country a democratic country. a democratic country.
plete the course? = (Reporting Verb - present tense - É™«çöÀîÓôx Mahima:These politicians, Mahima expresses her disgust Mahima expressed her disgust of
éÓ®Ω’q °æ‹®Ωh®·-† ûª®√yûª ´’†èπ◊ -Ç •’é˙q Å´-Ææ-®Ω´÷? can ¢√úø’éπ ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùç) Oh, God. of politicians.
(üËy≠æç/-Å-Ææ£æ«uç) politicians.
off. Eat 'n' Joy doesn't serve good way back. b) Darsan felt it was a long way
b) Darsan asked if it was not a long
food. So where shall we go now? î√™« Ææ£æ«ïçí¬ simple í¬ Öçô’çC éπü∆. Å™« Öçú≈- way off, and said that it was threat- off. Moreover it was threatening
('Nçü¿’— ü¿÷®Ω-´’ç-ö«´¤. Eat'n'Joy ™ ©çõ‰ ´÷öÀ-´÷-öÀéà told, asked ™«çöÀ reporting ening to rain and added that he was to rain and feared (that) they
food ¶«í∫’ç-úø-ü¿ç-ö«´¤ -´’-È®éπ\-úÕ-Èé-∞«lç) verbs, he added, he further said ™«çöÀ ´÷ô©÷ afraid that they might get drenched... might..
Darsan: Why not the restaurant at Hotel ¢√úøôç é¬Ææh ᶄsô’dí¬ Öçô’çC. ÅüË °æK-éπ~™x (X Vardhan: Why don't a) Vardhan asks why they don't go to a) Vardhan proposes/ suggests
Manpreet? (Manpreet Èé∞Ïh?) Class, Inter, Degree) reported speech -†’ direct we go to Eat 'n'joy? Eat 'n'Joy and adds that it is not far off. Eat 'n' Joy. it is not far off.
Vardhan: That's ok for me. Let's start then. speech™éÀ ´÷Ja-†-°æ¤púø’ Å™« ®√ߪ’ôç correct. It's not far off.
b) Vardhan asked why they b) Vardhan proposed/suggested
(Ø√éÀ-≠d¢æ Ë’. °æü¿ •ßª’-™‰l®√lç.) É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç -îÁ°æ¤pèπ◊ç-ô’-†o-C Spoken English é¬E,
Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ÅEo ®Ω鬩 sentences †’ written English é¬ü¿’ éπü∆. Practice îËÆæ’h-†oD didn't go to Eat 'n' Joy and adds Eat 'n' Joy. It was not
report îËߪ ’ôç ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆. Å®·ûË Columns ™. Åçü¿’-éπE natural í¬ NEpçîË spoken that it is not far off far off.
Spoken English ™ Éûª®Ω’-© ´÷ô-©†’ report forms ØË practice îËü∆lç. Let us now try to report
îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ éÌEo ≤ƒ®Ω’x strictly grammatical í¬ the conversation at the beginning of the lesson. Table -4
report îËߪ’ôç éÌçîÁç ví¬ç-C∑-éπçí¬ éπ-E°œç-îª-úø¢Ë’ strictly according to the rules and informally, DIRECT SPEECH
REPORT
é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÅÆæ-£æ«-ïçí¬ èπÿú≈ -Öç-ô’ç-C. éÀçC Ææ綵«- with the reporting verb in the present form and according to rules Informal (Spoken Form)
≠æù report îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ v°æߪ’-Aoç-îªçúÕ: the past form as well. (--õ‰-•’-™¸ 3 -îª÷-úøç-úÕ) Darsan: If I were you, a) Darsan tells vardhan that if he Darsan Says if he were Vardhan
I Wouldn't even think were he, he wouldn't think of it and he wouldn't think of it and calls
Samir: What shall I do now? What's your Spoken form ™ informal í¬ report of it. The food there is
îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆. that the food there is rotten. the food there rotten. He has no
îËߪ’ôç áçûª simple rotten.
Table -1 b) Darsan told vardhan that if he good word for the food there.
Kumar's Report In present Tense
í¬, natural í¬ éπEp- b) Darsan said that if he had been
Direct Speech ≤ÚhçüÓ. Å®·ûË Å™« had been he, he woudn't have even
According to Rules Informal (Ææç-¶µ«-≠æ-ù®Ω÷°æç) vardhan he wouldn't have even
îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ Direct thought of it and that the food there
thought of it and called the food
Samir: What shall Speech ™E ¶µ«´ç was rotten.
Samir is asking me what Samir is unable to there rotten / he had no good
I do now? What's àO’ îÁúø-èπ◊çú≈ -ñ«-ví∫-ûªh °æ-
he should do now and decide and is asking for Vardhan: You say a) Vardhan Observes that Darsan word for the food there.
your advice? ú≈-L.-Å™« ÖçúË Nüµ¿çí¬
what my advice is. my advice. 'Vindu Vilas' is a long says that Vindu Vilas is a long way a) Darsan feels Vindu Vilas is a
informal í¬ report
way off. Eat'n'Joy
I am telling him to buy it off and Eat'n'Joy doesn't serve good long way off, and Eat 'n' Joy
Kumar: Buy it if I am telling him to buy it îËߪ÷-©çõ‰ éÌçîÁç doesn't serve good doesn't serve good food, so
if he likes and that
you like. What can I if he likes and am asking vocabulary
food. So where shall
food. He asks where they will go
where will they go now.
him what I can say. there is nothing I can
say? (°æü¿Ææç°æü¿) Å´-Ææ®Ωç. now.
say / for me to say. we go now?
ÅC Öçõ‰ informal b) Vardhan observed that Darsan b) Vardhan Felt that Vindu Vilas
report î√™« Ææ’©¶µºç.
said that Vindu Vilas was long way was a long way off, Eat 'n'Joy did-
Table -2 Exercise: Report off and Eat 'n' Joy didn't serve good n't serve good food, so where
Kumar's Report (Past Tense) aloud the rest of the would they go Now?.
Direct Speech food. He Asked him, where they
According to Rules Informal (Ææç-¶µ«-≠æ-ù ®Ω÷°æç) conversation at the
would go.
beginning of the les- a) Darsan asks why they spend not a) Darsan suggests the restau-
Samir: What shall I Samir asked me what he Samir was unable to Darsan: Why not the
son. both a) accord- go to the restaurant at Hotel rant at Hotel Manpreet.
do now? What's should do then and what decide and asked for/ restaurant at Hotel Manpreet?
ing to rules b) in the
your advice? my advice was wanted my advice Manpreet? b) Darsan asked why they shouldn't'
informal (spoken) b) Darsan suggested the restau-
form, and also a) in go to the restaurant... rant...
Kumar: Buy it if I told him to buy it if he I told him to buy it if he the present form and Vardhan: That's Ok a) Vardhan says that it is ok for him a) Darsan says OK and suggests
you like what can I liked and asked him liked and that there was b) past form and suggests they start. that they start.
for me Let's start them
say? what I could say nothing for I could say b) Vardhan said that is was ok for b) Vardhan said OK and suggest-
/ for me to say. (--õ‰-•’-™¸ 4 -îª÷-úøç-úÕ) him, and suggested that they start. ed that they start.
í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 10 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
I don't feel like.. ¢√úø’éπ í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆. Å™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’ reporting †’ Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ÖçúËô’x -îË≤ƒh®·