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  • Cation Anion Tests

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    ZainBaloch
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    This document describes tests for identifying common anions and cations, as well as common gases. For each anion (chloride, carbonate, phosphate, sulfate), it lists the observations from adding specific reagents like silver nitrate or barium nitrate. For cations (lead, copper, iron(II), iron(III), calcium, barium), it describes the precipitates formed or lack of reaction when acids or sodium hydroxide are added. Common gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and ammonia are tested by their reactions such as relighting a glowing splint or turning litmus paper colors.

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    This document describes tests for identifying common anions and cations, as well as common gases. For each anion (chloride, carbonate, phosphate, sulfate), it lists the observations from adding specific reagents like silver nitrate or barium nitrate. For cations (lead, copper, iron(II), iron(III), calcium, barium), it describes the precipitates formed or lack of reaction when acids or sodium hydroxide are added. Common gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and ammonia are tested by their reactions such as relighting a glowing splint or turning litmus paper colors.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Scarica in formato PDF, TXT o leggi online su Scribd
    Segnala contenuti inappropriati
    12K visualizzazioni2 pagine

    Cation Anion Tests

    Caricato da

    ZainBaloch
    This document describes tests for identifying common anions and cations, as well as common gases. For each anion (chloride, carbonate, phosphate, sulfate), it lists the observations from adding specific reagents like silver nitrate or barium nitrate. For cations (lead, copper, iron(II), iron(III), calcium, barium), it describes the precipitates formed or lack of reaction when acids or sodium hydroxide are added. Common gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and ammonia are tested by their reactions such as relighting a glowing splint or turning litmus paper colors.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Scarica in formato PDF, TXT o leggi online su Scribd
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    di 2

    Tests for Anions

    Tests for chloride | Cl-

    Add silver ions and you get a white ppt. of silver chloride.
    When you add dilute nitric acid or barium nitrate there is no reaction.

    Tests for carbonate | CO3 2-

    Add dilute nitric acid and bubbles of carbon dioxide gas evolve.
    Add silver nitrate solution and get a yellow ppt. of silver carbonate.
    Add barium nitrate and get a white ppt. of barium carbonate.

    Tests for phosphate | PO43-

    Add silver nitrate solution and get yellow ppt. of silver phosphate.
    Add barium nitrate and get a white ppt. of barium phosphate.
    No reaction for nitric acid.

    Tests for sulphate | SO42-

    Add silver nitrate and there will be no ppt. or faint white ppt. silver sulphate is sparingly soluble.
    Add barium nitrate and get a dense white ppt. of barium sulphate.
    No reaction for nitric acid.

    Common Gas Tests

    1. Oxygen (O2) – relights glowing splint.


    2. Carbon dioxide (CO2) – turns limewater (saturated calcium hydroxide) chalky/milky – forms insoluble
    calcium carbonate.
    3. Hydrogen (H2) – extinguishes lighted splint with a ‘pop’ sound.
    4. Ammonia (NH3) – aqueous ammonia turns red litmus paper blue.
    5. Chlorine (Cl2) – turn moist litmus or universal indicator paper red, and then bleach it white.
    6. Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) – turn acidified potassium dichromate (VI) from orange to green.
    7. Alkene (CnH2n) – decolourises aqueous bromine solution.

    Cations and Anions Specific Tests


    Qualitative Analysis and Tests for Common Gases
    Sam Yong | 24 Sep 2008
    Tests for Cations
    Tests for lead | Pb2+

    Add dilute hydrochloric acid and get insoluble white ppt. of lead (II) chloride
    which dissolves on heating.
    Add dilute sulphuric acid and get a insoluble white ppt. of lead (II) sulphate.
    Add dilute sodium hydroxide and get a white ppt. of lead (II) hydroxide.

    Test for copper | Cu2+

    Add dilute sodium hydroxide and get an insoluble blue ppt. of copper (II) hydroxide.
    -> No reaction if hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid was used.

    Test for iron (II)/ferrous ions | Fe 2+

    Add dilute sodium hydroxide and get a pale green ppt. of iron (II) hydroxide.
    -> turns brown quickly.
    -> No reaction if hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid was used.

    Test for iron (III)/Ferric ions | Fe3+

    Add dilute sodium hydroxide and get a reddish brown ppt. of iron (III) hydroxide.
    -> No reaction if hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid was used.

    Test for calcium ions | Ca2+

    Add dilute sulphuric acid and get an insoluble white ppt. of calcium sulphate.
    React calcium chloride and sodium hydroxide to get a
    faint white ppt. of sparingly soluble calcium hydroxide.
    -> No reaction if hydrochloric acid was used.

    Tests for barium ions | Ba2+

    Add dilute sulphuric acid and get an insoluble white ppt. of barium sulphate.
    -> No reaction if hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide was used.

    Cations and Anions Specific Tests


    Qualitative Analysis and Tests for Common Gases
    Sam Yong | 24 Sep 2008

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