Mathematics QM016

Topic 4: Sequences and Series Tutorial

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TUTORIAL: SEQUENCES AND SERIES
1. Write the sum of each series using sigma notation:
(a) 15 ... 7 5 3 1 + + + + + (b)
3 3 3 3
25 ... 9 8 7 + + + +
(c)
20
31
...
10
11
1
8
7
7
5
+ +
(d)
2
...
16
4
9
3
4
2
1
1
n
n
+ + + + +
2. Find the sum of the following series:
(a)
( )

+
4
1
1
k
k
(b)

5
1
1
k
k
(c)
( ) [ ]

+
8
1
1 1
i
i

3. Determine the common difference, the fifth term, the n
th
term and the 100
th
term
of each of the arithmetic sequences.
(a)
,... 11 , 8 , 5 , 2
(b)
,... 3 2 , 2 2 , 2 , 2 s s s + + +
4. (a) The 10
th
term of an arithmetic sequence is
2
55
and the second term is
2
7
. Find the first
term of the sequence.
(b) Which term of the arithmetic sequence 1,4,7, is 88?
(c) If 4,x,y,z, 10 are in an arithmetic sequence, find the values of x ,y and z
5. In each case, the partial sum of an arithmetic series is given. Find the sum:
(a) 401 ... 9 5 1 + + + + (b)
( )

+
10
0
25 . 0 3
k
k
(c)
( )

20
0
2 1
n
n
6. (a) Find the sum of the even numbers between 199 and 1999
(b) The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic series is
) 20 4 (
2
+ n
n
.
(i) Write down the expression for the sum of the first
) 1 ( n
terms.
(ii) Find the first term and the common difference of the above series.
7. Find the sum, to the number of terms given of the following GPs:
(a) ... 12 6 3 + + + , 6 terms (b) 1+
...,
4
1
2
1
+ +
20 terms
8. (a) Find the common ratio, given that it is negative, of a GP whose first term is 8 and
whose fifth term is
2
1
.
(b) Find the sum of the first n terms of the GP
...
16
25
4
5
1 + + +
and find the least value of n for
which the sum exceeds 20.
(c) Find the sum of the first ten terms of the geometric sequence
,... 32 , 16 , 8 , 4
9. Find the sum of 9 + 27 + 81 ++ 729
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Mathematics QM016
Topic 4: Sequences and Series Tutorial
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10. Find the geometric mean of each of the following pairs of numbers:
(a) -9,-1 (b) 3,12
11. The sum of the first four terms of a geometric series with common ratio
2
1

is 30.
Determine the tenth term and the sum to infinity
S
.
12. Represent each recurring decimal as the ratio of two integers, in reduced form.
(a) 0. 3 (b) 0.214
13. Given the infinite series
r
r
x
x

,
_

0
1
(a) Show that the series is a geometric series
(b) Determine the values of
x

) 0 ( > x
so that the sum to infinity
S

exists.
(c) If 2 x , find the sum of the first five terms,
5
S
, and
S
. Show
that

32 : 33 :
5

S S
.
14. Show that
(a)
1 1 1
1
) ( a a a a
r i i
r
i

+ +

(b)
1
1
3 3 2
+
+
+
i i
i i
i a a if
i
i
i a 3 . Hence, using (a) evaluate

r
i
i
i
1
3 2
in terms of r
15. An engineering company offers a position to Azmi with the starting salary of RM20000 per
year, annual increment of 10% yearly. Find an expression for his salary for the second and
third years. Show that his total salary from the first year to the
th
n year is
] 1 ) 1 . 1 [( 200000
n
RM . Find the number of years that he has worked if his total salary is
RM635450.
16. A mortgage is taken out for RM 10 000 and is repaid by annual installments of RM 2000.
Interest is charged on the outstanding debt at 10%, calculated annually. If the first repayment
is made one year after the mortgage is taken out, find the number of years it takes for the
mortgage to be repaid.
17. A bank loan of RM 500 is arranged to be repaid in two years by equal monthly
installments . Interest (calculated monthly) is charged at 11% p.a. on the remaining debt.
Calculate the monthly repayment if the first repayment is to be made one month after the
loan is granted.
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Mathematics QM016
Topic 4: Sequences and Series Tutorial
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18. Without using a calculator, simplify each of the following:
(a)
)! 1 (
)! 1 (
!
!
+

+
r
n
r
n
(b) ( ) ( )
4 4
2 5 2 5 + +
19. By using the binomial theorem, expand each of the expressions below:
(a)
4
) 2 3 ( x + (b)
5
2
2

,
_

x
x
(c)
4
2
1

,
_

+
x
x
20. Find the coefficient of the term indicated in square brackets, in the expansion of each of the
expressions below.
(a) [ ]
3 6
) 3 1 ( x x (b) [ ] constant
2
6
2

,
_

x
x

21. Obtain the first four terms in ascending powers of x of the binomial expansion for each of
the following, and state the range of values of x for which each is valid:
(a)
1
4
1

,
_

+
x
(b)
1
) 2 (

x (c) 2
1
2
) 2 1 (

+ x
22. Use the binomial expansion to evaluate each of the following to the stated degree of
accuracy.
(a) (1.02)
5
correct to five decimal places.
(b) (0.97)
4
correct to three decimal places.
23. Given that ( ) ..... 10 1 1
3 2 5
+ + + + + qx px x kx for all
x
R.
(a) find the values of k, p and q.
(b) using these values of k, p and q, find the coefficient of x
3
in the expansion of
5
) 1 )( 1 ( kx x + .
24. (a)Write down the expansion of . ) 2 (
4
x
(b) Find the first four terms in the expansion of
3
) 2 1 (

+ x in ascending powers of x. For
what range of values of x is this expansion valid?
(c) Given
( )
( )
... 16
2 1
2
2
3
4
+ + +
+

bx ax
x
x
Find the values of a and b.
25. Expand
( ) 2
1
1 x +
and
( ) 2
1
2 1

x
in ascending powers of x up to and including the term in
3
x . Hence find the expansion of
x
x
2 1
1

+
in ascending powers of x until the term in
3
x
and state
3
Mathematics QM016
Topic 4: Sequences and Series Tutorial
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the range of values of x for which the expansion is valid. By taking
10
1
x
, obtain an
approximate value for 22 , correct to four decimal places.
ANSWERS
1. (a)

8
1
1 2
r
r
(b)

+
19
1
3
) 6 (
r
r
(c)

,
_

+
+

14
1
1
6
3 2
) 1 (
r
r
r
r
(d)

n
r
r
r
1
2
2. (a) 14 (b)
60
17
2
(c) 8
3. (a) 3 , 14 , 1 3 n , 299 (b) s , s 4 2 + ,
s n ) 1 ( 2 +
, s 99 2 +
4. (a)
2
1
(b) 30
th
(c)
2
1
8 , 7 ,
2
1
5
5. (a) 20301 (b) 46.75 (c) 399
6. (a) 989100 (b) (i)
) 4 )( 1 ( 2 + n n
ii) 12 a , 4 d
7. (a) 189 (b)
19
2
1
2
,
_

8. (a)
2
1
, 2 (b)
1
1
]
1

,
_

1
4
5
4
n
n
S
, 9 n (c) 1364
9. 1089
10. (a) 3,-3 (b) 6,-6
11.
32
3

, 32
12. (a)
3
1
(b)
495
106

13. (b)
2
1
> x
(c)
16
11
,
3
2
14. (b)
2
3 3 ) 1 2 (
1
+
+ r
r
15.
) 1 . 1 ( 20000 RM
,
2
) 1 . 1 ( 20000 RM , 15 years
16. 8 years
17. RM23.30
18. (a)
( )
( )
( ) 1
! 1
! 1
+ +
+

n nr
r
n
(b) 178
19. (a)
4 3 2
16 96 216 216 81 x x x x + + + + (b)
5 3
3 5
32 40 20
5
8
5
32 x x x
x
x x
+ +
(c)
4
2 5 8
1 4
6 4
x x
x x x + + + +
20. (a) -270 (b) 12
21. (a)
64 16 4
1
3 2
x x x
+ , 4 4 < < x
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Mathematics QM016
Topic 4: Sequences and Series Tutorial
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
(b)
16 8 4 2
1
3 2
x x x
+ + + , 2 2 < < x
(c)
2
5
2
3
1
6 4
2
x x
x + ,
2
1
2
1
< < x
22. (a) 1.10408 (b) 0.885
23. (a)
80 , 40 , 2 q p k
(b) 40
24. (a)
4 3 2
8 24 32 16 x x x x + + (b)
3 2
80 24 6 1 x x x + ,
2
1
2
1
< < x

(c)
600 , 128 b a
25.
3 2
16
1
8
1
2
1
1 x x x + +
,
3 2
2
5
2
3
1 x x x + + +
,
3 2
16
51
8
15
2
3
1 x x x + + +
,
2
1
2
1
< < x
, 4.6878
5