Organ Hormone(s)

Hypothalamus GHRH, TRH, GnRH, CRH, Dopamine(PIF), Somatostatin

Anterior Pituitary GH, TSH, LH, FSH, PRL, ACTH
Posterior Pituitary Oxytocin, ADH(AVP)
Pineal Melatonin
Thyroid T3, T4, Calcitonin
Parathyroid PTH
Stomach Ghrelin
Adrenal Cortex Cortisol, Aldosterone, Corticosterone, Dehydroepialdosterone, Androstendione
Adrenal Medulla Norepinephrine, Epinephrine
Pancreas Insulin, Glucagon, PPY, Somatostatin
Liver IGF-1
Kidney Renin, 1,25-OH-D, EPO
Adipose Leptin
Small Intestine CCK, PYY
Large Intestine PYY
Ovaries Estrogen, Progesterone, Relaxin (during pregnancy)
Testes Testosterone
Placenta hCG, hCS, Estrogens, Progesterone, Relaxin

Only FREE hormones in blood can cause action – most bound to plasma proteins (↑↑ T½ , ↓↓ metabolic clearance)

Receptor Mechanism
G-Protein Coupled Hormone binds; α, β, γ complexes assoc. w/ recepter, activated via GDP→GTP; α subunit
dissociates and binds with membrane-bound target to initiate intra-cellular signal

Enzyme-Linked
G-Protein Coupled generation of
cAMP Second Messenger
G-Protein Coupled IP3 and DAG
Second Messenger
Intracellular
Homodimer; leptin binds to extracellular part; phosphorylation and activation of JAK2; causes Leptin receptor
phosphorylation of STAT; activates tx of gene, synthesis of protein; JAK2 activates other ez
systems mediating rapid effects
G-Protein coupled mechanism activates ATP→cAMP; activated cAMP dependent protein kinase; Peptide hormone
phosphorylates protein; get cell response
G-Protein coupled mechanism activates PIP2→ IP3+DAG; activates protein kinase C; Mech of angiotensin II
phosphrylates protein; cell response vasoconstriction
Diffuse into cell; bind cytoplasmic or nuclear receptor; hormone-receptor complex binds hormone Steroid, T3, lipophilic hormones
response element on DNA; activates or inhibits tx, mRNA synth, protein synth