Investigation of DWDM over OCDMA System Based on Parallelly Combined SSFBG Encoder/Decoders

Huayong Zheng, Biao Chen, Dawei Wang, Xuezhi Hong and Sailing He Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Joint Laboratory of Optical Communication, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China Zhenghuayong@coer.zju.edu.cn
AbstractWe propose a novel DWDM over OCDMA scheme with parallelly combined Super-Structured Fiber Bragg Grating (SSFBG) based encoder/decoders. In our scheme, a group of SSFBGs with the same code but different central reflection frequencies are parallelly combined together to support larger number of DWDM channels. The number of DWDM channels per code can be increased without increasing the chip-rate of SSFBG. The performance of a 27-channel (9DWDM 3-OCDMA) system is investigated by simulation, and error-free transmission is achieved for all 27 channels. Keywords-OCDMA; DWDM; SSFBG; Channel spacing;

I.

INTRODUCTION

Figure 1. Architecture of the proposed DWDM over OCDMA system with parallelly combined SSFBG encoder/decoders.

The passive optical network (PON) is a promising technique for access network. Optical code division multiplexing access (OCDMA) over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) PON is regarded as an attractive network for the next generation PONs. The OCDMA/WDM PON provides many advantages, such as asynchronous operation, protocol transparency, huge user capacity and high speed. In the recent demonstrations of this hybrid system, SSFBG is employed as the OCDMA encoder /decoder [1-4]. As shown in [5], the signal can still be successfully recovered by the 320G-chip/s SSFBG OCDMA decoders when encoded signal was filtered by a 100GHz DWDM filter. Furthermore, a 4-DWDM/2-OCDMA system based on 127chip, 320G-chip/s SSFBG with the channel spacing of 100GHz has been experimentally demonstrated nowadays [6]. In [6], data from a bundle of DWDM channels are encoded or decoded simultaneously with a single wide-spectrum encoder or decoder. Compared to the existing OCDMA over DWDM approaches [1-4], this approach, DWDM over OCDMA, is cost-effective because it employs fewer optical encoder/decoders for the same capacity. However, in the system above, only five 100GHz spacing DWDM channels per code can be supported with a single pair of 320G-chip/s SSFBG encoder/decoder. The number of DWDM channel per code is limited by the achievable chip-rate of SSFBG (640G-chip/s at most as reported). In this paper, we propose a novel DWDM over OCDMA scheme supporting a much larger number of DWDM channels (still with 100GHz channel spacing), using 127chip , 320-Gchip/s SSFBG as the OCDMA en/decoder.

A 2.5G-bit/s 9-DWDM/3-OCDMA system has been simulated with VPI-transmissionmaker and Matlab. BER performance and eye diagram are illustrated, and the results verify the error-free transmission of all 27 channels. II. OPERATION PRINCIPLES

The network architecture is depicted in Fig. 1. Similar to the scheme in [6], M DWDM channels share the same OCDMA encoder/decoder in each node, which achieves higher encoder/decoder efficiency, compared to the traditional OCDMA over WDM hybrid system [1-4]. Its obvious that the larger M is, the higher the encoder/decoder efficiency. One straightforward method would be using higher chip-rate SSFBG encoder/decoder, since more DWDM channels per code can be covered by 640G-chip/s SSFBG shown in [1] than 320G-chip/s encoder /decoder in [6]. However, its a challenge to fabricate SSFBGs with chip rate higher than 640G-chip/s. In our scheme, instead of using higher chip-rate SSFBG, a group of parallelly combined SSFBGs of the same code but with different central reflection wavelengths are used to support larger number of DWDM channels per code. A group of encoder/decoders with the same code serve as one encoder/decoder with extreme broad reflection spectrum. Fig. 2 shows the reflected optical spectrum of three parallelly combined 127-chip, 320G-chip/s SSFBGs with the central reflection frequencies of 192.8THz, 193.1THz and 193.4THz, i.e. 1554.94nm, 1552.52nm, and 1550.12nm, respectively. As showed in Fig. 2, nine DWDM channels are covered by the combined spectrum of three different

978-1-4244-6554-5/11/$26.00 2011 IEEE

Figure 2. Reflected optical spectrum of three SSFBGs, and spectrum of the covered DWDM channels and the encoded signal.

encoders. The encoded signals spectrum is also illustrated, lying below the DWDM channels. Besides the sharp edge of the filter response, all the channels have almost the same reflected power. For simplicity, group drop filters before the encoders are not presented in Fig. 1, and will be included in the simulation setup. III. SIMULATION SETUP AND RESULTS

The simulation setup of a 2.5G bit/s 9-DWDM/3-OCDMA hybrid system is illustrated in Fig.3. Nine pulse transmitters with different emission frequencies (from 192.7THz to 193.5THz, i.e. 1549.32nm to 1555.75nm, with 100GHz spacing) are employed as the DWDM transmitters. Each transmitter contains a modified Wichman-Hill-Generator (powerful PRBS) with the bit rate of 2.5G bit/s, and a Super-Gaussian shaped optical pulse generator. The pulse width of the original signal is 3ps, and is broadened to ~10ps after the filtering of the 100GHz DWDM multiplexer. The multiplexed signal is then amplified and split to three groups of OCDMA encoders. Each group has three encoders with the same Gold code pattern but different central reflection frequencies (192.8THz, 193.1THz and 193.4THz). The encoder/decoders are based on temporal phase encoding SSFBG and we calculate the SSFBGs spectral response by numerically solving the coupled mode equations [7] [8].

Since the reflection spectrum of each single encoder is ~4nm, there is a strong overlap at the edge of the reflection spectrum of two adjacent encoders (e.g. encoder 1-1 and encoder 1-2). Therefore, a 300GHz band-pass filter is added before each encoder to eliminate the interferences from adjacent encoders. In practical application, all the filters in each group can be replaced by a single commercial available DWDM channel band filter. After encoding, the signals of the three groups pass through different length of fiber to decorrelate the signals. The decorrelated signals are then coupled together and amplified before feeding into 20km standard single mode fiber (SMF) and corresponding amount of dispersion compensation fiber (DCF). At the receiver, the matched decoders are employed to decode the signal of every channel. It should be noticed that after every decoder, three DWDM channels are decoded simultaneously. In this simulation, we employ a tunable band-pass filter instead of DWDM DEMUX, to filter out each channel. A tunable attenuator is added before the photodiode (with 3dB bandwidth of 1.875GHz). Fig.4 shows the simulated bit error rate (BER) versus received power at PD for the decoded signals of all nine wavelengths with one of the OCDMA codes (code 3). Apparently, the BER performances of all channels are good and similar. The difference of received power at BER of 1.0e-9 between all the channels is within 1.5dB. The performance of three channels (central wavelength of 2, 5, 8, corresponding to the center frequencies of 192.8 THz, 193.1 THz, and 193.4 THz) is better than the other channels. This is because the central wavelengths of these three channels lie exactly on the middle of each SSFBGs reflection spectrum (see Fig.1), which means they have higher reflectivity. Inset figure of Fig. 4 shows the clear opened eye diagram of the received electrical signal after PD of the channel with central wavelength 2 and code 3. The BER of all channels decoded by the other two OCDMA codes are also simulated. Fig. 5 shows the BER performance of channels (central wavelength of 2 and 4)

Figure 3. Simulation setup of the 2.5G bit/s 9-DWDM/3-OCDMA system.

Figure 4. BER versus received power for nine channels decoded by code 3, inset is the eye diagram of the received electrical signal after PD of the channel with central wavelenth 2 and code 3.

decoded by the three codes respectively. From the two groups of curves, we see that the difference of received power (at BER of 1.0e-9) inside each group is within 1dB. We also simulated the BER performance of single channel transmission (only the channel with central wavelength 2 is active, and encoded by three OCDMA codes). As shown in Fig. 5, the dashed line indicates the BER curve of the single channel decoded by code 1. The power penalty of multichannel transmission is ~1.5dB. This reveals that the crosstalk from adjacent channels is trivial, as the main degradation in this hybrid system is caused by multiple access interference (MAI) and beat noise [1]. Inset figure in Fig. 5 shows the eye diagram of decoded optical signal of the channel with central wavelength 3 and code 2. The received power at BER of 1.0e-9 of all the 27 channels (9-DWDM3-OCDMA) is illustrated in Fig. 6. As we can see, the needed received power fluctuates in a region between -23.5 dBm and -25.5 dBm, which indicates that all the channels can transmit and encode/decode signals independently under a uniform optical power level.

IV.

CONCLUTIONS

In this paper, we propose a novel OCDMA over DWDM scheme with the WDM channel spacing of 100GHz. The reflection spectrum of each 127-chip, 320G-chip/s SSFBG encoder/decoder covers three DWDM channels. And by parallelly connecting a group of them with the same OCDMA code but different central reflection wavelengths, nine DWDM channels per code scheme is successfully demonstrated by simulation. Simulation results of a 2.5G bit/s 9-DWDM/3-OCDMA hybrid system verify that errorfree transmission of all 27 channels can be achieved. REFERENCES
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Figure 5. BER versus received power for two DWDM channels decoded by all three OCDMA codes, inset is the eye diagram of the decoded optical signal of the channel with central wavelength 3 and code 2.

Figure 6. Received power at BER of 1.0e-9 for all the 27 channels.