Effect of Signal Wavelength and Aperture Area of Detector on Performance of Free Space Optical Link

Anil J. Kshatriya Department of Electronics and Communication Government Engineering College Chandkheda,Gujarat,India Email:anil.kshatriya@yahoo.com Pravin R. Prajapati Department of Electronics and Communication A.D.Patel Institute of Technology New V.V. Nagar,Gujarat,India Email:pravinprajapati05@yahoo.com

AbstractBit error rate performance of a FSO link and visibility range are adversely affected by, harsh weather conditions, and atmospheric turbulence like fog, rain, clouds and dry snow. Wavelength of signal and aperture area of optical detector affects quality factor of receiver. This paper presents performance of FSO link with different wavelengths and different aperture area of optical detector. Effects of different wavelengths on visibility range and quality factor of optical receiver have been simulated. For simulation, license versions of OPTSIM 5.2 and MATLAB 6.00 have been used. Index TermsFSO, PRBS, BER, aperture area

I. I NTRODUCTION Free space optical communication has very large information handling capacity. Free space optical (FSO) is a promising technology capable of full duplex transmission of data, voice and video in certain applications [1]. The link can be installed within a day. Compared to ber communication, FSO does not require digging to lay the ber and it does not require permission from the landowners. W. Popoola et al and Muhammad Saleem Awan et al [2], [3] reported performance of FSO in different weather conditions like thick fog, moderate fog, light fog, heavy rain, moderate rain and light rain etc. Fang Xu et al reported efciency of different channel coding techniques for different time diversity orders and turbulence conditions [4]. Performance of FSO link using MIMO transmitter and receiver investigated by Zeinab Hajjarian et al [5]. W. O. Popoola et al presented error performance of FSO using a subcarrier intensity modulation based on a binary phase shift keying scheme in turbulent atmosphere [6]. A large effective aperture can be achieved by combining the output signals from an array of smaller receivers.Chen [7] reported the non coherently combined heterodyne receiver combined system, which can offer superior performance for given a xed collecting area.M.A. Khalighi et al [8] investigated the impact of aperture averaging on the performance of FSO systems under different

atmospheric turbulence regimes and performance evaluation is made in terms of the average BER. Nazmi A. Mohammed et al [9] reported that the BER performance of FSO can be improved by using forward error correcting codes. Ivan B. Djordjevic et al [10] reported that the LDPC coded MIMO schemes can operate under a strong atmospheric turbulence and at the same time provide excellent coding gains compared with the transmission of uncoded data. Sachin M. Kale et al [11] reported that for a 2 km FSO link, relative improvements in SNR and BER due to combined effect of partially coherent optical beam and the aperture averaging of the received optical beams in different atmospheric turbulence conditions. Ahmed A. Farid et al[12] derived a statistical model for the optical intensity uctuation at the receiver due to the combined effects of atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors. Colin Reinhardt et al [13] described an improved method for estimation of the atmospheric channel impulse response function, for adverse visibility conditions of fog to improve the performance of terrestrial FSO system. Thomas Plank et al [14] reported some major performance improvement obtained by employing some specic modulation and coding schemes II. SIMULATION The block diagram for the simulations link of free space communication is shown in Fig. 1. Transmitter section consists of the data source of pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS), electrical driver, LED source and optical normalizer. The data source is a non return to zero (NRZ) format at 1.25 Gb/s bit rate and is indicated by PRBS generator, as shown in Fig. 1. This model generates a binary sequence of several different types like alternating one and zero sequence, PRBS, only sequence of one and only sequence of zero. NRZ driver converts an input binary signal into an output electrical signal. The output signal may be specied as either voltage or current. Here NRZ modulation is considered. The input data source

modulates at the LED beam by using an LED driver.LED source generates the LED beam at 1550 nm. The output of the modulator is fed to an optical normalize which normalizes the optical signal power by attenuating the input optical signal(s) to the specied average output power level. Free space optical length of 500 meter is considered. For attenuation constant, different conditions of atmosphere like thick fog, moderate fog, light fog, heavy rain, medium rain and clear conditions have been considered The OptSim photo receiver model is composed of several individual building blocks: the photo detector, the preamplier, and the post amplier/lter complex. Here PIN photo detector with quantum efciency of 80%, dark current of 10 A and ionization coefcient of 1 considered. BJT based preamplier with noise like shot noise and thermal noise etc considered. Bessel lter with 4th order and 1 GHz bandwidth has been considered. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The free space optical link is simulated to nd the visibility range for different wavelengths at given attenuation.Rayleigh scattering and other scattering losses are inversely proportional .91 q , where V is to wavelength and visibility () = 3V 550 visibility in km and q is the size distribution of the scattering particles [2],[6].According to the Kim model, q is taken as 1.6 for V > 50 , 1.3 for 6 < V < 50, 1.6V + 0.34 for 1 < V < 6, V 0.5 for 0.5 < V < 1 and 0 for V < 0.5. According to the Kruse model, q is taken as 1.6 for V > 50, 1 1.3 for 6 < V < 500 and 0.585V 3 for V < 6 [2], [6]. So, attenuation decreases with the increment of wavelength,which is shown in Fig. 2. From Fig. 3, it is observed that the quality factor of optical receiver increases as an increase in wavelength of signal. The lower wavelength is scattered much more than the higher wavelength. The attenuation is less at higher wavelength compared to the lower wavelength. So under the environment of scattering losses, higher signal wavelength gives improvement. So the selection of wavelength is important in order to reduce scattering coefcient and atmospheric attenuation. The higher wavelengths are also better for eye-safety. The wavelength radiation above 1.5 m is less harmful and safe for eyes. It also allowed for carrying higher power than the shorter wavelengths. The higher wavelength FSO link gives opportunity to obtain better range in bad weather conditions as compared to the currently available ones at the shorter wavelength. As receiver aperture area increases, sensitivity of receiver increases due to increment in received optical power, which leads to increment in quality factor of receiver. The effective aperture area of the receiver improves the quality factor of FSO link. The increase in the aperture area of the receiver increases the sensitivity of the receiver.Figs. 4 and 5 reported that as attenuation of FSO link decreases, quality factor of receiver improves, and also with increment of receiver aperture area, due to increment in sensitivity of receiver, Q factor improves. IV. C ONCLUSION It is concluded that due to reduction in scattering loss at higher wavelength; as wavelength increases, quality factor of

Fig. 1.

Optsim 5.2 Simulation link of free space communication

Fig. 2. Relationship between visibility range (km) for different wavelengths (nm)

Fig. 3. Quality factor of receiver as function of input signal wavelength for different receiver aperture area

Fig. 4. Quality factor of optical receiver as function of attenuation for different receiver aperture area

receiver improves.Quality factor of optical receiver is also improves with increment in aperture area of detector due to increment in sensitivity of receiver due to large aperture area.

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Fig. 5. Quality factor of optical receiver as function of receiver aperture area for different atmospheric attenuation conditions

ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to thank the management of Charutar Vidya Mandal , Vallabh Vidyanagar and management of A D Patel Institute of Technology for their continuous support and encouragement. The authors also like to thank the Rsoft design group for the OPTSIM 5.2 simulation software and Fiber Optics Services, Bombay. R EFERENCES
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