What is Evaluation? Evaluation is a process by which people, consciously or unconsciously, go through in their everyday life.

Evaluation is determining the value, worth or significance of something- people, places, objects, products, plans, works of art, methods and processes.

TYPES OF EVALUATION In general, there are two types of evaluation: (a) quantitative, and (b) qualitative. a. QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION In quantitative evaluation the criteria used as indicators of success or of having achieved the objectives are measurable or quantifiable variables, and accounting is done in terms of quantity or numbers of resources expended, services provided and/or outcomes realized. b. QUALITATIVE EVALUATION Qualitative evaluation relates to the quality or character of the person, service, activity, program or resource being evaluated. Dimensions: 1. Effectiveness- refers to the extent to which planned objectives have been attained as a result of undertaking nursing activities or nursing intervention measures with the use of certain resources (time, effort, materials, or funds). 2. Efficiency- relates to the cost in terms of resources expanded in the performance of an activity in order to achieve the preset objectives. 3. Appropriateness- refers to the ability to solve or correct the existing problem situation, a question that involves technical knowledge and professional judgment. 4. Adequacy- adequacy of nursing care pertains to comprehensiveness, that is, whether all necessary and appropriate activities were performed in order to realize the intended results.

5. Impact- impact is an expression of the overall effect of a program, service, activity or intervention measure on the clients health and functioning. 6. Progress- an assessment of progress is concerned with the comparison of actual with planned activities and results, the identification of reasons for achievements or shortcomings and the determination of remedies for the shortcomings identified. Evaluation of nursing care can focus on certain specific items under the levels of structure/resources/inputs, process and outcome. A. Evaluation of Structure/Resource/Inputs- this level of evaluation pertains to the evaluation of the amount and quality of human and material resources, as well as time, that serves inputs in the nursing care process. 1. Resources of the nurse- these refer to the inputs the nurse brings to the care process and includes: a. Level of competence in the performance of her roles and functions, specifically the depth and breadth of her technical knowledge, skills proficiency, attitudes and values relevant to her work. b. Material resources such as equipment, supplies, funds, transport facility, etc. which are planned t o be used and as identified in the nursing care plan. c. Time and effort allocated and actually expended by the nurse in the care of the client/patients. 2. Resources of the client/patient- these cover the human and material resources contributed by the client/patient in the planning and implementation of nursing care and include: a. Human resources b. Level competence c. Material resources 3. Resources of the community a. Health manpower resources b. Health care facilities c. Non-health institutions, governments and non-government, which are engaged in family and community development work.

4. The nursing care plan a. Assessment of the client situation b. Objectives of care c. Activities and interventions d. Resources to be used. e. Plan for evaluation of care B. Evaluation of Process- can be focuses on any one or more of the following items which relate to the implementation of the plan of care: 1. Quantity of services actually delivered or nursing intervention measures actually implemented. 2. Estimated quality of nursing services rendered. 3. Quality of the nurses work performance including involvement and participation of the client/patient in the implementation of the care plan. C. Evaluation of Outcome- outcomes of nursing care at various levels of care can come in different forms, which then become the focus of the evaluation. The following are specific outcomes of nursing care which can be assessed in individual clients/patients, family, a specific population group or the community as a whole: 1. Change in health status as measured by appropriate indicators, and by changes in fertility, morbidity and mortality patterns in a group or community. 2. Change in pattern of communication interaction and relationships, improved assumption of expected roles and functions and in overall functioning of an individual client/patient the family as a unit, a group or the whole community. 3. Prevention of unwanted results or negative outcomes such as prevention of complications in a post-operative patient newly discharged for the hospital, prevention of separation of a constantly squabbling couple, prevention of an epidemic of a disease among workers or in the whole community. 4. Change in the quality of the environment such as improved cleanliness and order in the home, improved sanitation facility of a factory or school, or reduced littering in the community.

5. Change in the behavior and/or lifestyle, specifically changes in attitudes, values and behavior which influence health such as cessation of unhealthful habits and practices and adoption of practice of health promotive and disease preventive activities. 6. Changes in the level of competence in matter relating to health and health care. 7. Satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the client/patient with nursing services received.

STEPS IN EVALUATING NURSING CARE 1. Review the health and/or problem situation of the client/patient prior to nursing interventions. 2. Review the nursing care plan, particularly the objectives of nursing care. 3. Decide on what type of evaluation to conduct. 4. Decide what to evaluate. 5. Based on the decisions made, define the criteria for evaluations. 6. Decide on the methods of data collection and identify the sources of evaluative data as well as efficiency of data gathering. 7. Gather the data based on the criteria for evaluation. 8. Analyzed the data obtain. 9. Based on the results of the data analysis made, make a judgment or draw a conclusion. 10.Identify the possible causes for non-or partial achievement of nursing care objectives. 11.Redefine the objectives for future care based on the results of and conclusions drawn from the evaluation process.