Table of Content of Printouts:: Externally Bonded FRP Reinforcement For RC Structures: Post Strengthening

Externally Bonded FRP:Basics Fibre Composites, FS12 Masoud Motavalli
Table of content of printouts:

Introduction
Materials and Properties of Polymer Matrix Composites
Mechanics of a Lamina
Laminate Theory
Ply by Ply Failure Analysis
Externally Bonded FRP Reinforcement for RC Structures: Post Strengthening
Flexural Strengthening
Strengthening in Shear
Column Confinement
FRP Strengthening of Masonry
CFRP Strengthening of Aluminum Profiles
FRP Strengthening of Wooden Structures
Design of Flexural Post-Strengthening of RC: Swiss Code 166 and Other Codes/Guidelines
Design of FRP Profiles and all FRP Structures
An Introduction to FRP Reinforced Concrete
Monitoring and Testing of Civil Engineering Structures
Composite Manufacturing
Testing Methods
Externally bonded FRP reinforcement for RC structures:
post strengthening
Book Composite for Construction, L. C. Bank, Chapter 8
Reasons for strengthening
Deterioration due to ageing
Crashing of vehicles into bridge components
Degradation such as corrosion of steel reinforcement
Poor initial design and/or construction
Lack of maintenance
Accidental events such as earthquakes
Increase in service loads
Change to the structural system
Large crack widths
Large deformations
Advantages of FRP as compared with steel
Low weight and therefore easier application
Unlimited availability in FRP sizes
Very flexible during installation
High strength (although this strength cannot be exploited in unstressed
applications)
Good fatigue resistance
Immunity to corrosion
Life cycle cost can be competitive to steel
Disadvantages
Performance under elevated temperatures
Effect of UV radiation
Application of FRP and adhesives need qualified personnel
Adhesives are dangerous for people and environment
Material behaviour: linear elastic to failure
Strengthening materials are available mainly in following forms:
UD-Strips (thickness appr. 1 mm) made by pultrusion,
Flexible sheets or fabrics (in one or two directions) and sometimes pre-
impregnated with resin.
Mild steel
0.02 0.04
2
4
6
c
o (GPa)
AFRP
GFRP
CFRP
FRP Strengthening may replace:
Steel plate strengthening,
Concrete cast in-place or shotcrete jackets around existing elements,
Steel jackets.
Type Application Schematic
FRP-Strengthening Applications
Fibre Dir.
Confinement
Around
column
Circumferential
Section
Shear
Side face of
beam (u-wrap)
Perpendicular
to long. axis
of beam Section
Flexural
side face of
Tension and/or
beam
axis of beam
Along long.
Section
Typical FRP applications as strengthening material:
Flexural strengthening of slab (strips, sheets),
Flexural strengthening of beam (strips, sheets, fabrics),
Shear strengthening of beam (angles, sheets, fabrics),
Shear strengthening and confinement of column (sheets, fabrics, shells),
Wrapping of concrete tank (sheets, fabrics),
Shear strengthening of beam-column joint (strips, sheets, fabrics).
FRP Materials
Installation Techniques
Wet lay-up
Used with flexible sheets
Saturate sheets with epoxy adhesive
Place on concrete surface
Epoxy
Roller
Resin acts as adhesive
AND matrix
FRP Materials
Installation Techniques
Pre-cured
Used with rigid, pre-cured strips
Apply adhesive to strip backing
Place on concrete surface
Not as flexible for variable structural
shapes
Resin acts as adhesive
Post Strengthening using Steel Strips
- Heavy
- Corrosion
- Requires scaffold
- Requires many joints
Post Strengthening using CFRP Strips
Introduced by Prof. Urs Meier (EMPA Switzerland) in 80s
- Light weight
- Corrosion resistant
- No scaffold
- No joints
Concrete
Epoxy
CFRP Strip
(1 mm)
CFRP
strips
CFRP Fibers:
65.72 vol%
Strength:
2500.3300 MPa
E-Modul:
150300 GPa
CFRP Laminates (UD-Strips) for Post-Strengthening
Ibach Bridge, Switzerland 1991
Ibach Beridge, Switzerland 1991
Flexural strengthening of RC structures
Strengthening of a concrete deck using
CFRP strips on the top and underside of the deck
Flexural strengthening using CFRP strips of concrete girders in a
Cement manufacturing building in Poland
Daily Job
CFRP strips provided by Swiss companies
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001
t

/

a
Shear strengthening of RC structures
Shear strengthening of RC structures
Duttweiler bridge ramp, Zurich, Switzerland
Installation of prefabricated CFRP L-shaped plates (shear
strengthening) over existing CFRP strips (flexural strengthening)
Shear Strenghtening of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Using CFRP-Laminates
Placing of CFRP fabrics for
shear strengthening of
DK 81 bridge above railway
to Laziska power plant in
Poland
Ma t er i al s Sci ence & Technolog y
FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS STRENGTHENED WITH NEAR
SURFACE MOUNTED CFRP STRIPS
Renata Kotynia
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF LODZ, POLAND Renata Kotynia December 15
th
2006
Third International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering (CICE 2006)
December 13-15 2006, Miami, Florida, USA
OBJECTIVES
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF LODZ, POLAND Renata Kotynia
INCREASE EFFICIENCY OF STRENGTHENING
EXTERNAL BONDING
NSMR CFRP BONDING
c
f
= 67
c
f
= ?
Near Surface Mounting Reinforcement (NSMR)
Flexural strengthening of a concrete deck in the region of negative bending moment
using Near Surface Mounting Reinforcement (NSMR) technique by cutting a slot in the
concrete deck and placing the CFRP into the slots; industry plant, Stuttgart, Germany
Seismic retrofitting

Application of CFRP fabrics to concrete columns for
seismic retrofitting of Reggio Emilia football stadium, Italy
Seismic retrofitting of column-beam joints of Aigaleo football
stadium in Athens, Greece, using CFRP fabrics with steel
anchorages
Cooling Towers
Main Reference:
Bulletin 14
Swiss Pre-Code SIA 166 (2004)
ISIS Canada Guidelines and Educational Modules
www.isiscanada.com
1. List of existing documents/guidelines/standards

- fib Bulletin 14 (2001). Externally bonded FRP reinforcement for RC structures.
Technical report, I nternational Federation for Structural Concrete.
- ACI 440.2R-02 (2002). Guide for the design and construction of externally
bonded FRP systems for strengthening concrete structures. American Concrete
I nstitute.
- J CSE (2001). Recommendations for upgrading of concrete structures with use of
continuous fiber sheets. Concrete Engineering Series 41, J apan Society of Civil
Engineers.
- J BDPA (1999). Seismic retrofit design and construction guidelines for existing
reinforced concrete buildings and steel encased reinforced concrete buildings
using continuous fiber reinforced materials. J apan Building Disaster Prevention
Association.
- TR55 (2000). Design guidance for strengthening concrete structures using fibre
composite materials. Technical Report No. 55 of the Concrete Society, UK .
- TR57 (2003). Strengthening concrete structures with fibre composite materials:
acceptance, inspection and monitoring. Technical Report No. 57 of the Concrete
Society, UK .
- I CE (2001). FRP composites Life extension and strengthening of metallic
structures. Design and practice guide of the I nstitution of Civil Engineers, UK .
- I CBO (1997). Acceptance criteria for concrete and reinforced and unreinforced
masonry strengthening using fiber-reinforced composite systems. I nternational
Conference of Building Officials Evaluation Service, I nc.
1 SIA E 166, SN 505 166. Swiss code for post-strengthening.
Basis of design and safety concept
Determination of the state of the (repaired) structure prior to
strengthening:
- Field inspection
- Reviewing existing documents
- Structural analysis
Identification of deficiencies and a proper repair concept
Verification of Ultimate Limit State (ULS)
Verification of Serviceability Limit State (SLS)
Evaluation of Existing Structures
Evaluation is important to (e.g. SIA 162/5 Erhaltung von Betontragwerken):
Determine concrete condition
Identify the cause of the deficiency
Establish the current load capacity
Evaluate the feasibility of FRP strengthening
Evaluation should include:
All past modifications
Actual size of elements
Actual material properties
Location, size and cause of cracks, spalling
Location, extent of corrosion
Quantity, location of rebar
One of the key aspects of
strengthening: State of concrete substrate
Concrete must transfer load from the elements to the
FRPs through shear in the adhesive
Surface modification required where surface flaws exist
Accidental situation such as loss of FRP due to impact, vandalism or fire:
assuming unstrengthened member with materials safety factors equal to
1.0 at ULS,
Special design considerations: impact resistance, fire resistance, cyclic
loading, extra bond stresses due to the difference in thermal expansion
coeff between FRP and concrete,
Design should be such that brittle failure modes, such as shear and
torsion are excluded.
It should be guaranteed that:
the internal steel is sufficiently yielding in ULS , so that the strengthened
member will fail in a ductile manner, despite the brittle nature of concrete
crushing, FRP rupture or bond failure.
Models for constituent materials and partial
safety factors (fib report 2001)
SLS verification
For SLS verification, a linear response is considered for the constituent
materials and partial safety factor of the materials:
0 . 1 =
M
In the case of FRP:

f fk f
E c o =
Where E
fk
is the characteristic value of the secant modulus of elasticity.
ULS verification
a) Full composite action between concrete and FRP EBR
The design strength of the concrete:
c
ck
cd
f
f
o
o
.
. =
Where:
f
ck
: characteristic value of the compressive strength.
: reduce compressive strength under long term loading (=0.85).
c
: partial safety factor (=1.5).
For the steel reinforcement, a bilinear stress-strain relationship is considered:
s
yk
yd
f
f
=
Where:
f
yd
: design yield strength.
f
yk
: characteristic yield strength.
s
: material safety factor (=1.15).
Design stress-strain curves of constitutive materials at ULS
0.35% 0.20%
The tensile stress-strain behavior of the FRP for ULS
verification can be idealized by means of a linear response, defined as:
fd f fu f
f E s = c o .
Where:
f
fk
fd
f
f
=
Where:
f
: FRP material safety factor (=1.20 to 1.50).
fuk
fk
fu
f
E
c
=
and E
fu
is the modulus of elasticity at ultimate, based on the characteristic
values of the FRP tensile strength and ultimate strain.
FRP
Repair with
reinforcement
Beam/One-Way Slab Strengthening
ISIS EC Module 4
Resistance Factors
Material Bridge Building
Steel
|
S
=0.90 |
S
=0.85
Concrete
|
C
=0.75 |
C
=0.6
FRP
|
frp
= 0.75
|
frp
= 0. 50
Carbon
Glass
b) Bond failure
Assuming proper application of the FRP
and the use of suitable materials,
the bond failure will normally occur in the concrete.
In the ULS verification, reference will be made to the design tensile or
shear strength of the concrete, by introducing a material safety factor:
5 . 1 =
cb
In particular case, e.g. for high strength concrete,

the shear strength of the adhesive can be lower than
the shear strength of the concrete.
In the ULS verification, reference will be made the
design tensile or shear strength of the adhesive,
by considering a material safety factor:
5 . 1 =
a

Ductility requirements
Minimum FRP strain at ultimate:
for concrete types C35/45 or lower:
0 ,
005 . 0 c c >
c fu
for concrete types higher than C35/45:
0 ,
0075 . 0 c c >
c fu
Where:
fu,c
: the FRP strain in the critical section at ultimate.
0
: initial strain prior to strengthening.
Minimum strain in steel reinforcement at ultimate:
for concrete types C35/45 or lower:
0043 . 0
,
>
c su
c
for concrete types higher than C35/45:
0065 . 0
,
>
c su
c
Where
su,c
is the steel strain in the critical section at ultimate.

Table of Content of Printouts:: Externally Bonded FRP Reinforcement For RC Structures: Post Strengthening

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Descrizione originale:

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Table of Content of Printouts:: Externally Bonded FRP Reinforcement For RC Structures: Post Strengthening

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Externally Bonded FRP:Basics Fibre Composites, FS12 Masoud Motavalli

Table of content of printouts:

In the case of FRP:

In particular case, e.g. for high strength concrete,

Externally Bonded FRP:Basics Fibre Composites, FS12 Masoud Motavalli

Potrebbero piacerti anche