CHAPTER 11: CIRCLES III

11.1 PROPERTIES OF ANGLES IN CIRCLES

1. Angle subtended by an arc at the centre is twice the angle subtended at the circumference by the same arc. y O x = 2y

x
Example x a) Find O the value of x. Exercises i). Find the value of x.

O x = 110 2 = 55 110 35

x=

ii) 220 O x

iii) 42

x=
O

x = x

2. Angle subtended at the circumference in a semicircle is 90 .

x = y = 90

Example b) Find the value of x.

60

Exercises Find the value of x. i) = 90 60 = 30

x
O

o
x 54 x=

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ii) 35 o x=

ii)

x o x=

3. a) Angles subtended at the circumference by the same arc are equal. r s

r = s

b) Angles subtended at the circumference by arcs of the same length are the same.

y x

x=y

Example Find the value of

Exercises i) Find the value of x and y.

x 47o
47

y
y = 47o

y 38

x=

y=

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ii) Find the value of y.

iii) Find the value of x and y.

60o 27 y x y
y=

17o

x+ y =

4 a) The sum of interior opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180o.

s p + r = 180o p q + s = 180o b) The exterior angle and the corresponding interior opposite angle of cyclic quadrilateral are equal q r x x=y

y Example Find the value of x and y. P 95 85 S x y R Q

Exercises Find the value of x and y. i) x 80 y 115

x = 180 - 85 = 95

y = 180 - 95 = 85

x=

y=

ii) A x
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iii)

50 C

110

O D

A x B 50 C x= y= y=
110

P x S y R x=
110

O D

O 100 Q

A tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the 11.2. PROPERTIES OF TANGENTS TO CIRCLES. 11.2.1 Tangent to a circle

drawn to the point of contact.

Tangent O
11.2.2 A P O

p C

qo

i) ii) iii)

Tangents drawn from an external point are equal, AB = CB The tangents subtend equal angles at the centre, AOB = COB The line joining the external point to the centre of the circle bisects the angle between the tangents, ABO = CBO p+q

= 180
Exercise a i)

Example Find the value of x.

Circles III

O
O

70

65
x

x = 180 - 90 - 65

x=

= 25
Example P Exercises b i) Find the value of x. P

50

Q O

x 15 R
Q

R
x = 180 - 50 = 130 x = ii) Find the value of x and y iii) Find the value of x and y.

y x R

54

Q
13

y P

x = x= y=

y=

11.2.3 ANGLES BETWEEN TANGENTS AND CHORDS

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Angle between a tangent and a chord through the point of contact is equal to the angle in the alternate segment. a=b

x=y

Example 1 Given STU is a tangent to the circle with centre O. Find the value of x and y. S

1a) Given PQR is a tangent to the circle with centre O. Find the value of x and y.

63 47

T
x

60

75 U
y x= 2a) P 35 47 Q x y R P x Q y R

x = 47 y = 63 Example 2 S

y=

y 58

x
x= y=

x = 58

y = 180- 580 - 58 = 64

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b)

c) 31o

15o 88o

81o

x= x = y= y =

Questions based on examination format (Paper 1)

1. In Diagram 1, the tangent PQR touches the circle at Q and MNR is a straight line. Find the
value of x.
N R

x
M

38

DIAGRAM 1
Q

A B

38 52

C D

109 142

2. In diagram 2, PQR is the tangent to the circle with centre O. Given that the length of arc MN is equal to length of arc NQ. Find the value of x.
N

R O M 48 x Q

DIAGRAM 2

A B
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21 48

C D

69 100

3. In diagram 3, O is the centre of a circle and PQR is a tangent . Find the value of x.
P Q

45

110 S

DIAGRAM 3

A B

45 90

C D

115 220

4. In Diagram 4, PQR is the tangent to the circle with centre O. Find the value of x.

48 P

DIAGRAM 4 Q C D 42 60
R

A B

21 24

5. In Diagram 5, ABC is the tangent to the circle BDEF. The value of x is

F 65O 56O A
A B 48 54

E xO D
DIAGRAM 5

B
C D 56 59

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6.

In Diagram 6, KOLM is a straight line and MN is the tangent to the circle with centre O. Find the value of x..

K 38

L x

A B 7.

14 19

C D

38 142

In diagram 7, PQR is the tangent to the circle .Find the value of x + y.

38 65

y Q

DIAGRAM 7

A B 8.

103 115

C D

141 168

In diagram 8, ABC is the tangent to the circle at B. Given that EF = ED and CDF is the straight line. Find the value of y .
F E y

D 80 A B

DIAGRAM 8
36

A B
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28 44

C D

60 62

9. In the diagram, TRS is the tangent to the circle with centre O at R.

P

Q y 45 T R 70

The value of y is A B 80 100 C D 110 115

In diagram 10, tangent AE touches the circle ABCD at A. Given BC is parallel to AD. Find the value of x + y.
C B 42 53 x D

A B 11.

36 42

C D

53 95

In Diagram 11, PT is the tangent to the circle PQRS and RST is the straight line.
R 70 Q x S 100 y

DIAGRAM 11

The value of x + y is
A B
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110 130

C D

150 170

10

12.

In Diagram 12, tangent CD touches circle ABC with centre O at C.

B D

O A 42

DIAGRAM 12
y C

The value of y is A B 13. 25 32 C D 48 53

In Diagram 13, PST is tangent to the circle with centre O, at S and POR is straight line.

Q 64 O

DIAGRAM 13
y P T S

The value of y is A B 14. 28 38

C D

46 62

In the diagram below, ABC and APQ are tangents to the circle with centre O.
C

B 148 O

DIAGRAM 14
A x P Q

The value of x is A 48 B 58
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C D

74 84

11

15.

Diagram 15 shows the tangent KMN to the circle with centre O at M.

P x O 30 Q

DIAGRAM 15
58

The value A B

of x is

52 56

C D

58 62

16.

In Diagram 16, KLM is a tangent to the circle. The value of x is Q 35o P K DIAGRAM 16 65o K A B 76 78 L C D x
o

M 80 82

17.

In Diagram 17, MNP is a tangent to the circle QRN at N with centre O. The value of x is
R

50 24

O x N

DIAGRAM 17

A B

40 64

C D

74 124

18. In Diagram 18, APB is a tangent to the circle QRN at P. Given

Circles III

QPS = SPB.

12

R Q A 40 S x

DIAGRAM 18
B

Find the value of x.

A B 19. 70 110 C D 140 160

In Diagram 19, PQ is a tangent to the circle PRS with centre O. SRQ is a straight line. DIAGRAM 19
S x O R

Find the A B 25 40
P

40

value of x. 50 100
Q

C D

20.

In diagram 20, PQR is a tangent to the circle QST. Given that PTS is a straight line.

DIAGRAM 20
x P 48 Q 65 R

Find the value of x. A 17 B 42

C D

67 113

Past Year SPM Questions

Circles III

13

November 2003 In Diagram 3, RST is a tangent to the circle with centre O, at point S.

100 R y O 55

Diagram 3 The value of y is A B 45 60 C D 70 125

June 2004 In the Diagram 3, O is the centre of the circle and JKL is a tangent to the circle at point K.
L

15
K

n
J O

55
M

DIAGRAM 3

The value of n is A B 25 40 C D 50 65

November 2004 In Diagram 2, JK is a tangent to the circle KLM at K and JML is a straight line
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14

DIAGRAM 2 30

J The value of x is A B June 2005 15 45

C D

60 75

In Diagram 2, O is the centre of circle QST and PQR is the tangent to the circle at Q.

S O R T Q 40 P

DIAGRAM 2

Find the value of x. A B 20 25 C D 50 80

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15

November 2005 In Diagram 3, TPS is a tangent to the circle PQR at P.

S

R 68 P

DIAGRAM 3
Q

The length of arc PR is equal to the length of arc QR. Find the value of x. A. B. 22 34 C. D. 44 68

June 2006 In Diagram 2, SPT is a tangent to the circle with centre O, at P.

S

50 T Q

DIAGRAM 2

Find POQ A B November 2006

Circles III

60 80

C D

100 140

16

In Diagram 2, QRT is a tangent to the circle centre O, at R. PUS, OPQ and OUR are straight lines.

O 25 U
P R T

DIAGRAM 2

X
Q

Find the value of x. A B 40 45 C D 50 65

June 2007 In Diagram 3, TQU is a tangent to the circle centre O, at point Q. SPQ is straight line.

O
66o 27o

xo Q P

S R Diagram 3 U

Find the value of x. A B November 2007

Circles III

114 117

C D

120 126

17

Diagram 3 shows a circle, PFQ, centre O. EFG is a tangent to the circle at F.

P
O

16

E
Find the value of x. A B 32 48

58

F3 Diagram

C D

61 74

June 2008 1. In Diagram 4, URT is the tangent to the circle PQRS at point R. PQR is an equilateral triangle and URS = 20o .

S U
20

R Diagram 4

Find the value of x. A B 30 35 C D 40 45

2. In Diagram 5, O is the centre of a circle. TQU is the tangent to the circle at point Q. PSR is a straight OPS = 10o . line and
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18

10 O

S
43 x 32

T
Find the value of x. A B 18 22

Q Diagram 5

C D

28 33

November 2008 In Diagram 3, JKL is the tangent to the circle centre O at K and JNM is a straight line . M 50

35

K Diagram 5

Find the value of x. A B 45 25 C D 15 5

ANSWERS
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19

Exercise 11.1 1 i) 70 ii) 110 2. i) 36 ii) 55

iii) 84 iii) 30 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. C C C A D A C A B D 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. A C B C D C B B A A

3 i) x = 47 ii) y = 27 iii) x = 17 4 i) x = 115 ii) x = 55 iii) x = 30 Exercise 11.2 a i) x = 20

y = 38 y = 60 y = 100 y = 125 y = 50

b) i) x = 150 ii) x = 90 y = 126 iii) x = 154 y = 13 Exercise 11.2.3 1 a) x = 60 y = 45o 2 a) x = 47 y = 35 b) x = 61 y = 44 c) x = 99 y = 68

2003 NOV 2004 JUNE 2005 JUNE 2006 JUNE 2007 JUNE 2008 JUNE

B A B C B C

2004 NOV 2005 NOV 2006 NOV 2007 NOV 2008 NOV

B C A B A

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20