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LIGHTING
The Urja Watch May 2009 Vol. II/Issue 11
FOCUS ON
LIGHTING
What’s inside…
Lighting Quiz 35
IAEMP News 37
Upcoming Events 38
Editorial Board
S. Subramanian, S.K. Sood, Amit Gupta, R.V. Ramana Rao
Reporters: Vikas Apte – Regulatory affairs, D.K. Agrawal, Jaipur
Website: www.iaemp.org Editor Contact: tellsubi@gmail.com
Contributing Authors for this issue:
T.P. Sadananda Pai, N. Ravishankar, R,P. Rammohan
1
From the Editor’s Desk…
The market for high intensity discharge lamps such as sodium vapour
lamps is also growing rapidly at around 15 percent. Alongside, there is a
huge and latent market for lighting fixtures and support systems.
Light-emitting diodes or LEDs offer by far the most efficient and longest
lasting form of electric supplied light. While the LED lamps save energy
and last longer, their initial pricetag is much higher. However, LEDs
generally require little maintenance over the life of the fixture because no
relamping is required. Cool and energy-efficient lighting by the LEDs is
important option to consider for a rapidly growing India.
2
When we talk of lighting a home, generally the idea that enters our
minds is - electric lighting. While there are many options in electric
lighting applications, natures way of lighting our way is obviously the
most effective and efficient means to brighten our lives. Few people
realize how many different ways natural light can be best used. The use
of natural light has a positive effect on our wallets and our environment,
besides producing an extremely positive effect on our psychology.
Market Trends
Energy Efficiency
Let us hope more bright ideas continue to make the lighting systems not
just more efficient but more cost-effective.
Energetically,
S. Subramanian
Editor
3
Be Smart With T5 Energy Saver
By T.P. Sadananda Pai
T5 Lamps – An Overview
T5 lamps are fluorescent lamps that are 5/8" of an inch in diameter. The
"T" in lamp nomenclature represents the shape of the lamp-tubular. The
number following the "T" usually represents the diameter of the lamp in
eighths of an inch (1 inch equals 2.5 centimeters). T5 lamps have a
diameter equal to 5 times an eighth of an inch, or 5/8".
T5 lamps are available for standard output and high output. The
wattages for standard T5 lamps are 14, 21, 28, and 35 watts. The high-
output T5 (T5 HO) lamps are available in 24, 39, 54, and 80 watts (49-
watt T5 HO lamps are also available from GE Lighting). A four-foot long,
54-watt version that delivers 5,000 lumens is popular in the United
States. The high light output allows fewer luminaries to achieve the same
luminance levels as when using other fluorescent lamps.
"HO" stands for high output. T5 HO lamps deliver more light than
standard T5 lamps and are available in higher wattages. HO lamps have
the same diameter and length as standard T5 lamps. T5 lamps operate at
frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz. Instant start, rapid start, and
programmed start electronic ballasts are available for T5 lamp operation.
Ballasts for T5 lamps are available for 120-, 277-, 240-, and 347-volt
operations. Most T5 ballasts are more compact than T8 ballasts,
although the dimensions vary depending on manufacturer and lamp
type. For instance, the height, width, and length of a T5 ballast are 2.5,
3.00, and 36.20 centimeters (1.0, 1.18, and 14.25 inches) or 3.18, 3.18,
and 48 centimeters (1.25, 1.25, and 19 inches). These small cross-
section sizes allow luminaries designers to create thinner luminaires.
Most manufacturers claim that their T5 ballasts have total harmonic
distortion (THD) of less than 15%. This small amount of THD avoids
potential imbalances in electrical lines that would damage wiring,
transformers, or other equipment. Manufacturers claim these ballasts
have highly efficient power factor values of more than 0.95. Most T5
ballasts carry class "A" sound ratings, so they are very quiet. The small
diameter of the T5 lamp bulbs results in an increase in temperature,
leading to cracks in the bulb. New ballasts for T5 lamps, therefore, are
required to have "end of life" circuitry that ensures that power is shut off
to the lamp when its functioning becomes impaired.
4
It is possible to dim T5 lamps with dimming ballasts. In the United
States, several dimming ballasts for T5 high output (T5 HO) lamps are
available.
Wiring for instant start ballasts differs from that for rapid start ballasts
and programmed start ballasts. In addition, the rapid and programmed
start ballasts have two options for wiring when being connected with
more than two T5 lamps. In series wiring, electrodes of two lamps are
connected in series, while electrodes are connected in parallel in the
other method. Energy Savings' ballasts can be wired by either way.
Incorrectly wiring any ballast may hasten end darkening of lamps and/or
shorten lamp life.
Lamp manufacturers claim that T5 and T5 high output (T5 HO) lamps
last 20,000 hours. This average rated lamp life is measured at
temperatures between 15°C (59°F) and 50°C (122°F) when operated on
electronic programmed start ballasts on a three-hour switching cycle—3
hours on and 20 minutes off—and designated as the number of hours
after which 50% of the lamps fail. The 20,000-hour lamp life of T5 lamps
is the same as the lamp life of most T8 lamps, although newly developed
prolonged-life T8 lamps have lives of 4,000 or 10,000 hours longer than
T5 lamps. Lamps operated on longer burning cycles will have longer life
spans. Shorter burning cycles (frequent switching on and off) reduce
lamp life. Use of ballasts that do not meet lamp requirements set forth by
the lamp manufacturers may also result in reduced lamp life.
T5 and T5 high output (T5 HO) lamps are designed to produce maximum
light output at 35°C (95°F). The compact size of T5 lamps reduces the
amount of materials used in their manufacture, the potential for toxic
substance contamination, and packaging materials needed for shipment
and sale. T5 lamps can, therefore, have less impact on the global
environment than T8 lamps.
5
In addition to their smaller dimensions, T5 lamps have an improved
phosphor coating that prevents mercury from being absorbed into the
phosphor and the bulb glass. This technology allows for reduced mercury
content in the lamp, as well as higher lumen maintenance. A T5 lamp
includes less than 3 milligrams (0.0001 ounces) or 5 milligrams (0.0002
ounces) of mercury.
One should begin the energy conservation from the point of installation
itself. A simple way is to use energy efficient T5 lamps with efficacy
(lumen/watt) >100 and lamp life >10000 hours which is higher than the
normal fluorescent tube-light. Mercury content in T5 lamps are less.
If we use CFL in place of bulb, it uses only 25% energy originally used. It
reduces pollution level by the same amount. For CFLs, power factor is
less and THD is high .Hence it creates disturbance in supply and it adds
up to E-waste. Bulb gives 5% light and 95% heat and in MH and SV,
they are 85% and 77% respectively.
Street lights in Kerala need to be improved. Safety and comfort are the
prime necessities of any street lighting. Street lights should be bright
enough to enable driver’s visibility to see the road and its edges clearly
without the use of dipper or headlights to locate any obstacles, traffic
signals, etc. The lights should also help pedestrians to see the edges of
the footpath, obstacles, signals, oncoming vehicles, etc.
6
Comparison with 250w SV Lamp
A good quality 250w SV lamp will consume 272w in which 22w is choke
loss creating heat .A 4X24w T5 IP65 street light is an ideal replacement
for this which consumes only 100w power by giving enough light. Thus it
saves electricity by 63%. For a 12 hour street lighting it saves
172x12=2.064 units/day which can electrify 2 houses which consume
one unit/day so that the thought of RECI can be fulfilled.
Studies reveal that a 2x11w CFL will consume 50w power after making
current impure due to low pf & high THD value. Ideal replacement for
this is 1x28w T5 street light which gives more lighting level also.
Power of T5 lamps
7
Efficacy is 100 lm/w compared to 70 lm/w of ordinary tube. These HF
tubes works at 28000Hz compared to the mains 50Hz. This increases
light output, reduces running costs, starting currents and ballast losses.
Other benefits are fast starting with no reduction in lamp life (starts at
90V), elimination of flicker, and elimination of strobe effect and varying
light output. Power factor is .96 compared to .85 of ordinary tube light.
This gives the same light output as that of 40w tube with a 14%
reduction in consumption size is 5/8 of an inch. CRI is >80. Lamp life
>100000 compared to 4000 of ordinary tube. Colour temp 4000.
High Mast
There is a 25m high mast in main bus stand Thalassery with 12 Nos. of
2x250w metal halides. It was not working for months. 5 Nos. of 4x24w
T5 street lights were fixed on high mast which give enough light. Energy
saved is 5500x12=66 units/day which can feed 66 families and pay back
is just 4 months.
8
The main issues involved in the design of street lighting system are 1.
Scope for selection of Energy Efficient Equipment/System 2. Use of
better design practices
The above photograph shows drawing-cum dining hall measuring 20’X12’ in my rented house at
Ranchi. I have provided Philips make T5 tube light ( Philips Vector neo TCH 204) on the TV side
wall. The lux measurements at 7pm were recorded as follows;
1. On the top of the Sofa 6 feet below the tube: 122 lux
2. On floor diagonally opposite at a distance of 15 feet : 26lux
3. On the top of the dining table at a distance of 10 feet :50 lux
4. On the top of the inverter at a height of 2 feet on opposite side : 48 lux
I could not check the consumption but it consumes 28 watts at rated voltage. It cost me Rs.
550/- only including fitting charges. It works between 170-250V without flickering.
- Sunil Sood
sunilsolar@yahoo.co.in
9
ENERGY AUDIT IN LIGHTING SYSTEMS
By N. Ravishankar
BACKGROUND
Data collection.
Observations, measurement and Analysis.
Proposal for energy conservation measures with detailed techno-
economic calculations.
Report preparation as per standards laid by BEE.
DATA COLLECTION
10
Table 1: Typical Data Collection Parameters
Fixture Other
Watts Total
Section Type & No of Feeder energy Room Lumens Rema
of each connected
/ Dept. ballast fixtures details consumer size required rks
fitting watts
type details
Example:
Replace high pressure sodium (HPS) lights in low use areas with
fluorescent lights for quick on and off control.
Although HPS lights can operate more efficiently, their long re-strike
times can make them a poor choice for low use areas. Because they take
so long to warm up, they are frequently left on continuously.
11
Replace or maintain faulty photo controls.
Often when lights are on during the day it turns out that photo controls
are already installed but have become inoperative.
Use a hand held calibrated light meter to measure the amount of light
available in work areas.
Hold the meter at work level. Refer to the table appropriate for
recommended lighting levels. ( Check with your Energy Auditor )
12
INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED
13
Table 2: Summary of lighting measurements and calculations
Measured Standard
Location / Type of Measured
Average Lux level
Room No lamps Power (kW
Lux level (as per I S 3646)
14
In the case of industrial lighting, explore the scope for introducing
translucent sheets.
Use of energy efficient lighting methods / products / equipments /
retrofits.
Maximize sunlight use through use of transparent roof sheets,
north light roof, and other roofing.
Examine scope for replacements of lamps by more energy efficient
lamps, with due consideration to luminaries, colour rendering
index, lux level as well as expected life comparison. Performance of
luminaries which are commonly used are given in the Replace
conventional magnetic ballasts by more energy efficient ballasts,
with due consideration to life and power factor apart from watt
loss.
Select interior colours for light reflection.
Assess scope for re-arrangement of lighting fixtures
Modify layout for optimum lighting.
Providing individual / group controls for lighting for energy
efficiency such as:
On / off type voltage regulation type (for illuminance control)
Group control switches / units
Occupancy sensors
Photocell controls
Timer operated controls
Modify switches / electrical circuit
Install input voltage regulators / controllers for energy efficiency as
well as longer life expectancy for lamps where higher voltages,
fluctuations are expected.
Replace energy efficient displays like LED's in place of lamp type
displays in control panels / instrumentation areas, etc.
Opt for better reflector in lighting
Cleaning of reflector at regular interval
In power plant, locations like HT/LT switchgear rooms, cable
galleries etc which sites / locations are rarely visited, lighting
circuits may be modified in such a way that keeping 25% to 30%
lights always ―ON‖ and remaining lights controlled by simple ON
/OFF switch provided at the entrance of the room / hall
Opportunities to reduce the power consumption/ improve the
energy efficiency of other loads which are connected to the lighting
circuit
15
Reduce lighting levels where appropriate
This approach can provide better lighting at the point of use, while
reducing the overall lighting in an area.
16
Estimate 80 percent increase in efficiency.
MH lights are more commonly chosen for their white light than their
efficiency.
17
Estimate: 10-25 percent increase in efficiency
18
Installation of LED panel indicator lamps in place of filament
lamps.
Light Control
Grouping of lighting system, to provide greater flexibility
in lighting control
Installation of microprocessor based controllers
Optimum usage of day lighting
Installation of "exclusive" transformer for lighting
Installation of servo stabilizer for lighting feeder
Installation of high frequency (HF) electronic ballasts
in place of conventional ballasts
Recommendations
Each energy conservation measure should discuss:
Courtesy: www.energymanagertraining.com
19
LIGHT POLLUTION AND ITS IMPACT
ON ENERGY, SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
By R.P. Rammohan
Wasted electricity from excess illumination spilling into the sky and
across property lines wastes an enormous amount of energy needlessly,
serving no useful purpose whatsoever. In areas where electricity is
generated by burning coal, this needless waste contributes to additional
greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
Light pollution caused by luminaires that are not properly adjusted and
shielded needlessly robs everyone of their inalienable right to view the
stars.
Light beamed into the sky is squandered, since it's not illuminating any
target.
Most light fittings waste a large fraction of the light they produce. If you
fly into a city at night and you can see the streetlights from the airplane,
that light is counterproductive.
20
In Oxfordshire, a man was killed when a pub floodlight blinded a car
driver. In Australia, ill-directed lighting surrounding an airport caused a
fatal air crash.
Glare from a car's high beams, a poorly aimed porch light, or even an
unshielded window inhibits night vision, paradoxically making it harder
to see. That can endanger drivers, not to mention hapless deer.
Light Pollution also robs us of our right to a good sound night's sleep
when artificial illumination coming from poorly aimed and unshielded
light fixtures shines glare into our windows at night.
Occasionally, poorly aimed lighting gets so bad that even the best blinds
and drapes cannot end the spill of light into a room. Controlling outdoor
illumination prevents eye abuse
Too much artificially generated light at night can have very adverse
affects on our health by disrupting natural hormone production that our
bodies require! Research in this area is indicating more links to some
very interesting medical questions about how natural circadian rhythms,
when disrupted, can increase the risk of certain types of cancer.
Make sure your home or business lighting only shines where it is needed
and with appropriate power, without wasting light upwards into the sky,
or outwards into neighbouring homes.
21
Well designed outdoor light fixtures do not show the source of
illumination when they are properly shielded and installed so no light
shines above the horizontal plane.
Light Pollution robs us of our right to privacy and fair legal use of our
land when glaring unshielded lights shine artificial illumination onto our
property at night. It is an unwelcome violation of our space and is
known as Light Trespass. Many communities have nuisance laws that
prevent this abuse in US.
They have documented light from distant cities traveling roughly 200
miles into national parks in USA
In dark US rural areas about 2,000 stars are typically visible at night,
compared with "maybe five" in a bright city square—and about 5,000 in
centuries past.
Even the most modern streetlights in UK divert light away from the
street, and shine light directly into the sky. Light pollution in the UK
increased by a staggering 24% between 1993 and 2000, making Britain
the third most light-polluted country in Europe.
22
In 2008 Hong Kong's environmental protection department received some
50 complaints about light pollution, up from the 40 cases received in
2007, with neon advertisement signs posing a growing nuisance for the
public.
CONCLUSION
30 % of world
population
without access
to electricity
lives in India!
And on the
other hand
some people
are suffering
from light
pollution!
What an irony!
Photos by:
Sunil Sood
23
Debate on feasibility of LED Street lighting
An interesting debate took place in iaemp yahoo group. Here are some of
the unedited messages!- Editor
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----
Lumens - Unit of energy for light, which is produced by any light source. The efficacy is lumens
per watt. For monochromatic light of mid spectrum
(maximum spectral luminous efficiency) is 683 lm/W at 555nm - which corresponds to peak of
visible spectrum , and green.
For multi spectrum light would be lesser, as different frequencies have different energy.
Thus product of lux over an area and the area in Sq meters would give the lumens.
All lights give off light in 360 degree direction, atleast in one axis . Thus, for getting light for
working area, we need lumnairs or reflectors.
Thus, the final area covered by the total unit (lumnaire +lamp) is more a function of the lumniaire
than the light. Since no luminaire can reflect 100% of the light, the amount of lumens falling over
an area would be less than that produced by the lamp. The lamp itself would absorb a
considerable portion of the light reflected onto itself.
The LED lights give off light in a specified direction, and the efficacy (lumens per watt) is the net
light output in that direction. Thus there is no loss of light.
It is due to this reason LEDs can produce more lux than conventional light.
Further, most lumniares cover more area due to wider angles, as reducing the dispersion below
certain value reduces the luminaire efficiency. LED lights can e designed for the exact
requirement of dispersion angle, without loss of efficiency.
The human eye perceives the objects differently during the night and the day. The day vision is
called the Photopic vision and the night vision is called Scotopic. A search in the net would give
many details on the above.
Venture lighting gives the complete detail of how metal halide (whose S/P ratio is similar to that of
white LED with colour temperature of 6500 deg K) is much better than HPSV.
Fog visibility
The idea that yellow light penetrates fog is due to the higher diffraction of the shorter wavelengths
of light in a spectrum. This is the reason for the red colour of the sun during the evening and
morning.
24
However, during the fog, the visibility becomes poor in general - and the fog is a phenomenon at
sunrise or essentially day time.
The street lights are meant for providing light at the night.
A search in the IESNA site for street lighting ( none can say that IESNA knows less about
lighting) will give all the relevant details, and how the S/P ratio is becoming a very important tool
for comparing the lux levels of different different lights for street lighting and why metal halides /
LEDs will become more preferred lights in the future.
teejay
As per my experience in lighting, only lumen to lumen comparison should be right thing.
Lumen to lux comparison is technically not correct because 01 lux is 01 lumen per sq. mt.
Colour rendering of HPSV is less but it gives maximum illumination level if installed properly. For
street light application CRI does not matter because objective of street light is to improve visibility.
Subodh Shah
Executive Engineer (electrical)
Vadodara Municipal Corporation
Vadodara
Mobile: 09825801936
Dear Mr Shah,
Quote
I agree with you, 100% lumen can not be converted in to lux. Even though as of now there is no
replacement of HPSV SON T PIA lamps. In Future LED may replace all conventional lighting
source.
Subodh Shah
unquote.
25
I agree with you that one unit cannot be and should not be compared with other units in
engineering.
the point is if you compare lumen to lumen, and find it unfavourable, but lux to lux i the required
area is favourable, which one should you take?
It is a comparison of lux to lux, and that is the final requirement for any lighting application.
regards
teejay
In lighting, lamp is the source of light output, which is measured in lumen, if any light source
is emitting less lumens, more lux (illumination) is just not possible.
CRI is related to quality of light, it can not be compared in terms of lux. Low CRI of HPSV does
not mean that lower conversion of lumen to lux.
In street light CRI is not important, as it will help in identifying the colour of the object.
I am not against any product, I am trying to put technical data to the benefit of the group
members.
I also request to Mr. Teejay to surf the net and find out the right thing.
I do not have any vested interest. I am largest user of lighting products hence I need to check all
the products technically.
Subodh Shah
Re: “In lighting, lamp is the source of light output, which is measured in lumen, if any
light source is emitting less lumens, more lux (illumination) is just not possible.”
I am a bit of a rookie on this topic, but I am presuming that not just Lumens, but
directionality matters and that is what makes LED really neat. It doesn’t make sense if a
lamp is generating a lot of light (lumens), but headed in the wrong direction or wasted
(like they are in down-lighters in offices and corridors). Lux is really what the experience
of lighting is about and I am presuming that even though certain light sources have higher
lumens, the lux levels at the places that matter don’t add up due to the lack of proper
directionality.
Did I get that right ?
K.R.Harinarayan
26
Mr. Hari,
Luminary & reflector is giving direction to the light output (lumen) towards the object to be
illuminated.
We have achieved 35lux level for 250 w HPSV lamps (33200 lumen ouput).
We have installed poles at 45 meter span. Mounting height is 10 M.
We are the only Municipal Corporation in the country to have this type of installation with effective
service delivery.
Subodh Shah
Please find attached, two pdf files, which should give relevant data.
Mr Datar is absolutely right - When using LEDs, the biggest advantage is the LUX where you
want - thus, when a streetlight requires only about 120 degrees of dispersion along the road, and
less than 60 degrees (mostly around 30-45 degree) of dispersion across the road - most HPSV
lamps give about 160 degree or more of dispersion . Thus, even with the assumption of 100%
reflection (which is impossible as the lamp itself would absorb the light reflected onto it) the
effective lux from properly designed LED lamps outweigh the advantages of the higher (say 15-
20%) of HPSV.
Also, SECO's design ensures more that 96% efficiency to the LEDs compared to the normal
HPSV lamps ( or most of the other LED design)
Also, the lumen loss is spread over a longer time compared to the HPSV.
When You compare the metal halide lamps, LED would not have the advantage of the S/P ratio -
which is available when compared with HPSV.
One should also remember that HPSV has mercury, while LEDs have none.
For those who are interested in the quantification of mercury due to lamps (cfl at home was taken
as example), I can send a paper written by my daughter Vaishnavi Jayaraman, and her friend
Divya, who are second year students of chemical engineering at SSN college of engineering,
Chennai.
27
At present LED lamps are costly compared to sodium for equivalent lumen package.
Subodh Shah
Dear Mr Subodh,
It is possible to have LED lights with equivalent LUX on the roads ( not lumens, as it does not
matter if we produce more lumens or less lumens, but what is required is lux in the roads) with
less than 3 year payback and 30,000 hours of life (70% lux retention). - if the unit cost is taken at
Rs 5 and light hours per day as 12.
During that time, at least three HPSV lamps would have been changed and no mercury would
have been added to poison the earth.
For energy conservation and not having mercury, three year payback is not too high.
T.Jayaraman.
Please compare LED & HPSV for on kilometer road length by following points.
Road Length: 01 KM
Road width: 42 M,
Installation: Central
28
Total Load: 13.44 KW for 01 Km length (40% energy saving after dimming)
Note:- Abovedata is measured at Vadodara Municipl Corporation's insatalltions.
I request u to calculate load & energy consumption of LED for getting illumination level of 35 lux.
As 01 lux is 01 lumen per sq. mt. pl. compare for equivalent lumen output.
Pl. do not adjust illumination level with respect to CRI.
Subodh Shah
Could you please send me the lux mapping of two to three lights for my reference please?
Please note that i am not using this forum for "selling”. hence, it is for you to take the S/P
correction or not. All the information I give can be cross verified in the web or books - except
about our LEDs.
regards
teejay
I agree with you, 100% lumen can not be converted in to lux. Even though as of now there is no
replacement of HPSV SON T PIA lamps. In Future LED may replace all conventional lighting
source.
Subodh Shah
There is international nine point method (between two poles) of lux measurment.
Take three points below each poles at equidistance on carriage width (06 points)
and three points between the two poles. there is a formula to calculate average lux level, for A1 &
A2 category of road uniformity should be 40%. (This is as required in IS 1944).
We have considered maintenance factor also.
29
I am herewith attaching a file which shows details of lux measurments.
Subodh Shah
Dear Mr Subodh,
Could you please send the file as .DOC (word 2000 or lower) as my open office does not open
the higher versions.
However, i am giving below the results of the testing of SECO's street light by one of the BEE
approved consultant.
The payback would be about three years for 12 hours burning and for unit cost of Rs 5.
The lumen maintenance would be 70% at 30,000 hours, thus justifying the investment.
-------------
Comparison of 250 W HPSV lamp and SECO's 70 W LED light , on behalf of Energy
management Centre (EMC) Thiruvnanthapuram, by a BEE approved consultant
Ratio of average Lux between SECO's LED lamps and HPSV = 1.3
Ratio of Power consumption between SECO's LED lamps and HPSV = 0.24
31
--------------------End of the extract
While I agree that the LED light was compared with a old HPSV, SECO did not choose the light
for comparison. This also should give you an idea of the design of LED which could result in
higher lux, though the lumens from LED lamp was not higher - even if the deterioration of th
HPSV was 50%.
I am willing to send a street light on a trial basis, matching LUX to LUX , after I study your
data. However, I would need to be paid if the results match. I am also willing to guarantee the
performance for 6 months over and above the payback period. Please let me know your unit
charges to calculate the payback.
I do think that this is a fair offer, though it might be difficult for a municipal body.
teejay
While procuring, buyer should specify IP of luminary. Higher is the IP better is tightness.
Higher IP luminary requires lower cleaning frequency, hence it has higher maintenance factor.
So far I have not used LED luminary for street light application. I do not have its specifications, if
anybody from the group send me detailed specifications of LED luminary I will be able to
comment.
Subodh Shah
I am out of city, I can send u the file in .doc format after a week time, in the meantime u can get
the same converted in to .doc.
Average street light "ON" time in Gujarat is 11 hours. per unit kwh charge is Rs. 04.25
32
Annual Electrical consumption for a 250 W HPSV lamp including ballast loss of 30 watt
per year is: 11 X 365 X 0.280 = 1124 KWH, after dimming consumption will be 675 KWH.
The most important factor is life cycle cost of entire project.
From where u get this data "deterioration of th HPSV was 50%. " I do not agree with this. I
request you to refer manufacturer's catalogue. It is my humble request not to quote any data
which is technically base less.
When we r comparing LED with HPSV, it should be compared with latest and new HPSV lamp.
Compare apple with apple.
Service delivery I.e. illumination level is most important than the data of lamp & luminary. Service
delivery depends on which type of luminary we r using and how it has been installed.
According to you data of lux measurment, if it is nine point method than, average lux level is 12.5
(After considering maintenance factor ilumination level will further reduce either 0.7 or 0.8) at a
span between poles of 30 meters, road width is 6.0 meters.
In case of Vadodara we have span btn poles is 42 meters road width is 8.5 meters and
installation of 250 W HPSV lamps on central divider, illumination level is 35
I request u to calculatetotal load for one K.M road length & electric consumption.
Subodh Shah
Dear Mr Shah,
I would be working on the data provided by you, for my own knowledge, if not for selling the LED
lights.
There are but two points.
1. Regarding deterioration of HPSV, I had mentioned "even if the deterioration had been 50%"
with specific reference to the case study i had used. This is based on measured data and not with
out a base. - And the data was taken by a third party and not by SECO.
2. The phillips data sheet i could get hold of in the net for HPS-son-PIA talks about 12000 hours
of life - could you please send me the data sheet with 32000 hours of life.
3. If you are buying the luminnaires also from phillips, could you please send me the link which
gives data on luminnaire efficiency and the optical characteristics etc., One of the sites did talk
about luminnaire with 80% efficiency - but i could not get the angle of dispersion.
4. Please bear with me for the delay in studying your data - but i would like o make a single
report, after i get the above data also - either from the net or from you.
5. While I do see your commitment, the data on HPS lighting I have recd from various parts of the
country do not match with your claim of average 35 lux for 42 m * 8.5 * 2 - it might take me a
33
while for compiling the data - i would also have to check the confidentiality.
Please do note that i do not sell - I want the customers to buy after they are convinced - thus I
state the facts available with me .
My writing
quote
This also should give you an idea of the design of LED which could result in higher lux,
though the lumens from LED lamp was not higher - even if the deterioration of the HPSV
was 50%.
unquote
Your comment
quote
From where u get this data "deterioration of th HPSV was 50%. " I do not agree with this. I
request you to refer manufacturer's catalogue. It is my humble request not to quote any
data which is technically base less.
unquote
Quoting anything out of context would confuse many and would not result in healthy debate.
I will wait till i get the data from you - please do give me some time for collating the answer.
teejay
Dear Mr Shah,
sorry about the point 2 - i did get the son-tia plus data sheet - the interesting fact is that only 50%
survive at the end of 32000 hours.
I have also got a nice article by Dr Biswas, who has analysed and found that while the life of the
HPS lamp averages 20,000 in advanced countries, in India the life averages 8000.
He has also recorded that the HPSV lumen maintenance has come down by 40%.
Author:Dhananjoy Biswas
Inventor Dragon Kink Effect –HID lamp
Scientist E ; Electronics Regional Test Laboratory (East)
Sector –V: Block-DN: Salt Lake City: Kolkata-700091
India
Email: dnbiswas@yahoo.co.uk/dnb@ertleast.org
teejay
34
LIGHTING QUIZ
Enjoy this lighting quiz compiled by the editor. Answers are at the end.
a. lightbulb
b. stars
c. moon
d. sun
a. landscaping
b. coloring
c. dancing
d. singing
a. decorative
b. task lighting
c. purpose lighting
d. design lighting
a. purpose lighting
b. design lighting
c. style lighting
d. accent lighting
5. The life of a 32 watt linear T8 fluorescent light bulb is ___ times the life
of a 60 watt incandescent.
a. 2 times
b. 12 times
c. 18 times
d. 24 times
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6. Ambient lighting refers to:
a. focusing on an object
b. creating a mood
c. illuminates an area to create comfortable brightness
d. lighting for distant objects
a. 1 – 100
b. 1 – 100 % ¨
c. 100 – 1000
d. none of the above
8. A device that distributes and filters the light emitted from one or more
lamps is:
a. control gear
b. lamp
c. luminaire
d. starter
a. recessed
b. accessed
c. stressed
d. backlighting
Answers:
1. d, 2. a, 3. b, 4. d, 5. d, 6. c, 7. a, 8. c, 9. c, 10. a
36
IAEMP NEWS
The following are the new office bearers of the INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF
ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONALS (IAEMP) having the
administrative office at: 102, Eden Park, 20, Vittal Mallaya Road,
Bangalore-560001. Phone: 09818527944, +91 120 6512372.
Web Site: www.iaemp.org
State Coordinators
KD Bairagi, MP
D.Agaarwal,Rajasthan
Amit Gupta, Karnataka
S C Sabat, Orissa
N.Ravishankar, Tamilnadu
The Urja Watch congratulates all of them and hopes their efforts will
further strengthen IAEMP.
37
UPCOMING EVENTS
www.energymanagertraining.com
3rd Renewable Energy India 2009 Expo, New Delhi. August 10-12, 2009
Pragati Maidan, New Delhi.
www.renewableenergyindiaexpo.com
38
We Need Your Active Participation…
Do you have an area of expertise in energy management? Have you solved a
difficult problem or have an interesting case study? Do you want to share a
joke with others? Or just have a word of appreciation for this issue. Share
your knowledge with others and promote yourself too, by writing to The Urja
Watch.
You may also tell us about upcoming energy-related events in your area. Be
sure to mention the title of the event, organizers, dates, venue, city, and
contact information to get more details of the event.
Please write your views and suggestions to the editor at: tellsubi@gmail.com
Letters must include the writer’s name, address, phone and email ID.
Disclaimer: This newsletter is published by the Indian Association of Energy Management Professionals
(IAEMP). It is intended for IAEMP’s existing and potential members who are interested in energy
management and IAEMP's activities. It does not imply endorsement of the activities, individuals or
organizations listed within. Views expressed in this newsletter are entirely those of the authors and not
necessarily that of IAEMP or the editorial board.
IAEMP NEWS
39