3rd Generation (3G)

Group Members
3G Page 1

 Priyank Doshi. Vivek Pardeshi. Joyson Fernandes.

Index Sr.no Topic

3G

Page
Page 2

1. What is 1G? 2. What is 2G? 3. Capacities, advantages, and disadvantages of 2G 4. What is 3G ? 5. History of 3G 6. Evolution Of 3G 7. Why 3g? 8. Role of 3G 9. Goals of 3G as per IMT-2000 10. 3G Perfomance And Advantages 11. 3G Applications 12. 3G Features 13. Types of mobile Internet connectivity 14. 15. 16. 17. 3G Capabilities 3G Wireless What is 4G Key 3G and 4G Parameters

5 6 6 9 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

18. 3G mobile market trends 19. 3G Summary 20. Source

3G

Page 3

What is 1G?
1G (or 1-G) refers to the first-generation of wireless telephone technology, mobile telecommunications. These are the analog telecommunications standards that were introduced in the 1980s and continued until being replaced by 2G digital telecommunications. The main difference between two succeeding mobile telephone systems, 1G and 2G, is that the
3G Page 4

radio signals that 1G networks use are analog, while 2G networks are digital. Although both systems use digital signaling to connect the radio towers (which listen to the handsets) to the rest of the telephone system, the voice itself during a call is encoded to digital signals in 2G whereas 1G is only modulated to higher frequency, typically 150 MHz and up. One such standard is NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone), used in Nordic countries, Switzerland, Netherlands, Eastern Europe and Russia. Others include AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) used in the United States and Australia[1], TACS (Total Access Communications System) in the United Kingdom, C-450 in West Germany, Portugal and South Africa, Radiocom 2000[2] in France, and RTMI in Italy. In Japan there were multiple systems. Three standards, TZ-801, TZ-802, and TZ-803 were developed by NTT, while a competing system operated by DDI used the JTACS (Japan Total Access Communications System) standard.

What is 2G ?
2G (or 2-G) is short for second-generation wireless telephone technology. Second generation 2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on the GSM standard in Finland by Radiolinja[1] (now part of Elisa Oyj) in 1991. Three primary benefits of 2G networks over their predecessors were that phone
3G Page 5

conversations were digitally encrypted, 2G systems were significantly more efficient on the spectrum allowing for far greater mobile phone penetration levels; and 2G introduced data services for mobile, starting with SMS text messages. After 2G was launched, the previous mobile telephone systems were retrospectively dubbed 1G. While radio signals on 1G networks are analog, and on 2G networks are digital, both systems use digital signaling to connect the radio towers (which listen to the handsets) to the rest of the telephone system.

Capacities, advantages, and disadvantages of 2G

Capacity
Using digital signals between the handsets and the towers increases system capacity in two key ways:

Digital voice data can be compressed and multiplexed much more effectively than analog voice encodings through the use of various codecs, allowing more calls to be packed into the same amount of radio bandwidth. The digital systems were designed to emit less radio power from the handsets. This meant that cells could be smaller, so more cells could be placed in the same amount of space. This was also made possible by cell towers and related equipment getting less expensive.
Page 6

3G

Advantages

The lower power emissions helped address health concerns. Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data services, such as SMS and email. Greatly reduced fraud. With analog systems it was possible to have two or more "cloned" handsets that had the same phone number. Enhanced privacy. A key digital advantage not often mentioned is that digital cellular calls are much harder to eavesdrop on by use of radio scanners. While the security algorithms used have proved not to be as secure as initially advertised, 2G phones are immensely more private than 1G phones, which have no protection against eavesdropping.

Disadvantages
The downsides of 2G systems, not often well publicized, are:

In less populous areas, the weaker digital signal may not be sufficient to reach a cell tower. This tends to be a particular problem on 2G systems deployed on higher frequencies, but is mostly not a problem on 2G systems deployed on lower frequencies. National regulations differ greatly among countries which dictate where 2G can be deployed. Analog has a smooth decay curve, digital a jagged steppy one. This can be both an advantage and a disadvantage. Under good conditions, digital will sound better. Under slightly worse conditions, analog will experience static, while digital has occasional dropouts. As conditions worsen, though, digital will start to completely fail, by dropping calls or being unintelligible, while analog slowly gets worse, generally holding a call longer and allowing at least a few words to get through.

3G

Page 7

While digital calls tend to be free of static and background noise, the lossy compression used by the codecs takes a toll; the range of sound that they convey is reduced. You'll hear less of the tonality of someone's voice talking on a digital cellpho

What is 3G ?
International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000), better known as 3G or 3rd Generation, is a generation of standards for mobile phones and mobile telecommunications services fulfilling specifications by the International Telecommunication Union. Application services include widearea wireless voice telephone, mobile Internet access, video calls and mobile TV, all in a mobile environment. Compared to the older 2G and 2.5G standards, a 3G system must allow simultaneous use of speech and data services, and provide peak data rates of at least 200 kbit/s according to the IMT-2000 specification. Recent 3G releases, often denoted 3.5G and 3.75G, also provide mobile broadband access of several Mbit/s to laptop computers and smartphones. The following standards are typically branded 3G:

the UMTS system, first offered in 2001, standardized by 3GPP, used primarily in Europe, Japan, China (however with a different radio interface) and other regions predominated by GSM 2G system infrastructure. The cell phones are typically UMTS and GSM hybrids. The original
Page 8

3G

and most widespread radio interface is called W-CDMA. The latest release, HSPA+, can provide peak data rates up to 56 Mbit/s in the downlink in theory (28 Mbit/s in existing services) and 22 Mbit/s in the uplink. the CDMA2000 system, first offered in 2002, standardized by 3GPP2, used especially in North America and South Korea, sharing infrastructure with the IS-95 2G standard. The cell phones are typically CDMA2000 and IS-95 hybrids. The latest release EVDO Rev B offers peak rates of 14.7 Mbit/s downstreams.

The above systems and radio interfaces are based on kindred spread spectrum radio transmission technology. While the GSM EDGE standard ("2.9G"), DECT cordless phones and Mobile WiMAX standards formally also fulfill the IMT-2000 requirements and are approved as 3G standards by ITU, these are typically not branded 3G, and are based on completely different technologies. A new generation of cellular standards has appeared approximately every tenth year since 1G systems were introduced in 1981/1982. Each generation is characterized by new frequency bands, higher data rates and non backwards compatible transmission technology. 4G systems are expected to appear in 2011-2013 (pre-4G systems like LTE and mobile WiMAX have already appeared), and fifth generation systems after 2020. The first release of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard does not completely fulfill the ITU 4G requirements called IMT-Advanced. First release LTE is not backwards compatible with 3G, but is a pre-4G or 3.9G

3G

Page 9

technology, however sometimes branded "4G" by the service providers.

History of 3G
The first pre-commercial 3G network was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan branded FOMA, in May 2001 on a prerelease of W-CDMA technology. The first commercial launch of 3G was also by NTT DoCoMo in Japan on 1 October 2001, although it was initially somewhat limited in scope broader availability was delayed by apparent concerns over reliability. The second network to go commercially live was by SK Telecom in South Korea on the 1xEV-DO technology in January 2002. By May 2002 the second South Korean 3G network was by KT on EV-DO and thus the Koreans were the first to see competition among 3G operators. The first European pre-commercial network was at the Isle of Man by Manx Telecom, the operator then owned by British Telecom, and the first commercial network in Europe was opened for business by Telenor in December 2001 with no
3G Page 10

commercial handsets and thus no paying customers. These were both on the W-CDMA technology. The first commercial United States 3G network was by Monet Mobile Networks, on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO technology, but this network provider later shut down operations. The second 3G network operator in the USA was Verizon Wireless in October 2003 also on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO. AT&T Mobility is also a true 3G network, having completed its upgrade of the 3G network to HSUPA. The first pre-commercial demonstration network in the southern hemisphere was built in Adelaide, South Australia by m.Net Corporation in February 2002 using UMTS on 2100 MHz. This was a demonstration network for the 2002 IT World Congress. The first commercial 3G network was launched by Hutchison Telecommunications branded as Three in March 2003. By June 2007 the 200 millionth 3G subscriber had been connected. Out of 3 billion mobile phone subscriptions worldwide this is only 6.7%. In the countries where 3G was launched first Japan and South Korea 3G penetration is over 70%. In Europe the leading country is Italy with a third of its subscribers migrated to 3G. Other leading countries by 3G migration include UK, Austria, Australia and Singapore at the 20% migration level. A confusing statistic is counting CDMA2000 1x RTT customers as if they were 3G customers. If using this definition, then the total 3G subscriber base would be 475 million at June 2007 and 15.8% of all subscribers worldwide.

3G

Page 11

Evolution Of 3G
Both 3GPP and 3GPP2 are currently working on extensions to 3G standard that are based on an all-IP network infrastructure and using advanced wireless technologies such as MIMO, these specifications already display features characteristic for IMTAdvanced (4G), the successor of 3G. However, falling short of the bandwidth requirements for 4G (which is 1 Gbit/s for stationary and 100 Mbit/s for mobile operation), these standards are classified as 3.9G or Pre-4G. 3GPP plans to meet the 4G goals with LTE Advanced, whereas Qualcomm has halted development of UMB in favour of the LTE family. On 14 December 2009, Telia Sonera announced in an official press release that "We are very proud to be the first operator in the world to offer our customers 4G services. With the launch of
3G Page 12

their LTE network, initially they are offering pre-4G (or beyond 3G) services in Stockholm, Sweden and Oslo, Norway.

Why 3G ?
Higher bandwidth enables a range of new applications!! For the consumer Video streaming, TV broadcast Video calls, video clips news, music, sports Enhanced gaming, chat, location services For business High speed teleworking / VPN access Sales force automation Video conferencing Real-time financial information

3G

Page 13

Role of 3G ?

3G has been entere in all the sectors i.e Public- sector,Business sector, and Private sector. It plays different different role in all the sectors.
3G Page 14

For example in public sector it is use for personal use, in Business sector it is use for business purpose and in private sector it is use for private use

Goals of 3G as per IMT-2000

Higher transmit rate Rich and colorful service Good voice quality

Larger capacity Lower cost Good secret performance High frequency efficiency Max rate up to 2Mb/s Easy to transition from 2G
3G Page 15

3G Perfomance And Advantages

Time to download a 1 MB file:

Fixed line modem: GSM cell phone:

3 minutes 15 minutes 1-5 minutes 21 seconds 4 seconds

Enhanced GSM phone: 3G phone (outdoor): 3G phone (indoor):

3G

Page 16

3G Applications
Video calling Internet connectivity Mobile email Multimedia services such as sharing of digital photos and movies via wireless means Videos and music downloads Real-time multiplayer gaming Enhanced emergency and location-based services
3G Page 17

 Low-latency push-to-talk and push-to-video message services And many more to come depending on the creativity of technologists......

3G Features
Data rates
ITU has not provided a clear definition of the data rate users can expect from 3G equipment or providers. Thus users sold 3G service may not be able to point to a standard and say that the rates it specifies are not being met. While stating in commentary that "it is expected that IMT-2000 will provide higher transmission rates: a minimum data rate of 2 Mbit/s for stationary or walking users, and 384 kbit/s in a moving vehicle, the ITU does not actually clearly specify minimum or average rates or what modes of the interfaces qualify as 3G, so various rates are sold as 3G intended to meet customers expectations of broadband data.

Security
3G Page 18

3G networks offer greater security than their 2G predecessors. By allowing the UE (User Equipment) to authenticate the network it is attaching to, the user can be sure the network is the intended one and not an impersonator. 3G networks use the KASUMI block crypto instead of the older A5/1 stream cipher. However, a number of serious weaknesses in the KASUMI cipher have been identified In addition to the 3G network infrastructure security, end-toend security is offered when application frameworks such as IMS are accessed, although this is not strictly a 3G property.

Types of mobile Internet connectivity

Global systems for mobile communication High speed circuit switched data (HSCSD) General packet radio services (GPRS) Third generation (3G) mobile Enhanced data GSM environment (EDGE) Public access WLAN Linked public access WLAN (GSM)

3G Capabilities
3G Page 19

 High-speed data transmissions Symmetrical and asymmetrical data transmission support Improved voice quality Greater capacity Multiple simultaneous services Global roaming across networks Improved security Service flexibility

3G Wireless
3G phones allow simultaneous use of voice and data services and use wireless technology and standards which include cellular radio, WLAN and W-CDMA. 3G phones are becoming more of multimedia
3G Page 20

devices then just phones, you can watch a movie, download files, watch a game online, read e-novels and comics when you are travelling, but it is expensive. The phones usually come with two cameras which allow video calls too; it can also be hooked up to the email system at work so you can receive email anywhere and everywhere! The phone needs to be connected to a 3G network through the SIM card. The average speed is 64 KPBS thru 364 KPBS. 3G phones like the I-Phone/ Blackberry/ N900/ HTC/ Sony Ericsson XPERIA/ Motorola and Samsung models are treated as a tool for making dead time redundant and are helping to manage and transform business and social life. Although they can sometimes look intimidating they are very user friendly. Once you get used to the 3G phones I am doubtful that you will ever go back to one of your old cell phones!!

What is 4G ?
4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to 3G and 2G families of standards. The nomenclature of the generations generally refers to a change in the fundamental nature of the service, nonbackwards compatible transmission technology and new frequency bands. The first was the move from 1981 analog (1G) to digital (2G) transmission in 1992. This was followed, in 2002, by 3G multi-media support, spread spectrum transmission and at least 200 kbit/s, soon expected to be
3G Page 21

followed by 4G, which refers to all-IP packet-switched networks, mobile ultra-broadband (gigabit speed) access and multi-carrier transmission. Pre-4G technologies such as mobile WiMAX and first-release 3G Long term evolution (LTE) have been available on the market since 2006 and 2009respectively.

Key 3G and 4G Parameters

Attribute Major Characteristic Network Architecture 3G 4G Predominantly voice- data as add- Converged data and VoIP on Wide area Cell based Hybrid integration of Wireless Lan (WiFi), Blue Tooth, Wide Area 2 8 GHz Smart antennas; SW multi-band; wideband radios 100+ MHz 20 100 Mbps MC-CDMA or OFDM

Frequency Band Component Design Bandwidth Data Rate Access

1.6 - 2.5 GHz Optimized antenna; multi-band adapters 5 20 MHz 385 Kbps - 2 Mbps WCDMA/CDMA2000

3G

Page 22

Forward Error Correction Switching Mobile top Speed IP Operational

Convolution code 1/2, 1/3; turbo Circuit/Packet 200 kmph Multiple versions ~2003

Concatenated Coding Packet 200 kmph All IP (IPv6.0) ~2011

3G Mobile Market Trends

While the 3G market may be definitely gaining traction, we are rapidly approaching a crossroads in 3G+ access technologies, where the needs of different market segments can vary substantially, and the potential rewards (and losses) for the different technology vendors and mobile communications operators could be substantial. The 3G+ future is offering operators and end-users more choice than there has been in the market for some time. This study examines the rapid evolution of 3G access technologies and the market conditions for their adoption, as well as the parallel 3G developments in mobile devices, infrastructure, value added services and operator strategy. The analysis is rounded off with 3G subscriber, mobile device, base-station deployment and capital expenditure forecasts.

Market Drivers Towards 3G

3G

Page 23

1. Rapid growth in text, WAP and other data traffic- up to 50% of total mobile traffic within 5 years 2. Mobile & Internet penetration both growing rapidly 3. Mobile penetration likely to exceed PCs & fixed 4. Alliances forming between major mobile, IT and e-commerce players 5. Mobile commerce and multimedia identified as key growth areas - but need bandwidth to deliver

3G summary
3G mobile is a major opportunity for Irish business, commerce and consumers Brings together the two fastest growing market sectors Mobile and Internet Market, services and standards evolving from 2G to 3G Significant opportunities for value added content and service providers 3G enables higher and faster data transfer. 3G gives the maximum security

3G

Page 24

Has removed the word bored from peopels mind while on travelling and sitting ideal 3G has been entered in all the sectors i.e Public Sector, Private Sector and Business Sector Works are done more faster as the 3g has entered in market

3G Page 25