AIRPLANE DESIGN

Group Members: Ajanthan Asokan Evan Hipditch Calvin Holloway Kathleen Price Laura Purchase

Overview:
Problem Definition
Research Concept Generation and Selection

Completed Plane Design

Computer Based Analysis Design Changes

Project Management
Budget

Problem Statement
Design and build a Remote Controlled (RC) aeroplane in accordance with the SAE Aero Design Micro Series Rules with minor adjustments from project supervisor, Dr. James Yang.

Design Constraints
Design within a budget of $500 Plane must land and become airborne within a 20ft runway

Removable payload that fills a 2x2x5 area must be kept in fuselage and does not contribute to the structural integrity of the plane
Entire plane (disassembled) must fit in a 24 x 18 x 8 case
(SAE International, 2013)

Research
Foil Characteristics Wing Top Profiles

(NASA, 2010)

Research
Wing Front Profiles Tail Styles

(Raymer, 2012)

Research
Materials

Rapid Prototyped Plastic [1]

Carbon Fiber Rods [2]

Balsa Wood [3]

Foam [4]

Corrugate d Plastic [5] [1] Wong, Kenneth (22 Jan 2007) www.cadalyst.com
[2] www.made-in-china.com [3] http://www.mindsetsonline.co.uk [4] www.foamforyou.com [5] hourseroof.info

Concept Generation and Selection

A concept scoring table was created to decide on designs of the following: Control surfaces Fuselage material Tail style Wing material Wing profiles

Concept Generation and Selection

Completed Plane Design - Wings

Square top profile and dihedral front profile Chord length = 7.5 in Foil shape chosen using XFLR5 analysis, manufactured with laser cutter Materials: Red sheet plastic Chloroplast Carbon fiber rods Construction paper Wooden dowel Hot glue Packing tape

Completed Plane Design Tail

Conventional Style
All dimensions of the tail were sized using calculations from the text book: Aircraft Design: A Systems Engineering Approach

Materials: Chloroplast Aluminum Hinge tape Hinges

Completed Plane Design - Fuselage

Dimensions were based on electrical component sizes and payload size
Manufactured using band saw, drill, bending machine

Materials:
Chloroplast Aluminum Bolts Rivets Packing tape Rubber Foam

Completed Plane Design - Controls

Servos used to control ailerons, rudder, elevator

Four-bar mechanism used as connection: Servo arm Pushrod/clevis set Small aluminum sheet 90arm Control Surface

Propeller and Landing Gear

Recommended Propeller Sizes: 10x5 & 11x7 Chosen: 11x7 provides greater thrust Landing Gear: Purchased landing gear for a tail drag layout

Aerodynamic Analysis
Air Foils

Aerodynamic Analysis
Analysis of Clark-Y
Cl vs Angle of Attack Cd vs Angle of Attack Cl/Cd vs Angle of Attack

Tornado Simulations
Airplane Geometry
Side Front

Top

Iso

Tornado Simulations

Tornado Simulations

Take Off Distance

Stability
Stability: Roll Pitch Design Features Dihedral Wings Low Center of Gravity Favorable Distances between Rotor, Wings, and Tail

(Touring Machine Company, n.y)

Finite Element Analysis

Skeleton Assembly used

Decreased Complexity Representative failure mode

Areas of concern include

Wing Mount Engine Mount Forces on Spine Joint

FEA Motor Mount

FEA Tail Joint Connector

Minimum Safety Factor of 2.09

Within acceptable limits Room to Improve

FEA Other Results

Fabrication and Assembly

Design Changes
Wing Mount Wing Covering Landing Gear Small General Weight Savings

Finished Product

Competition

Trial 1: Landing gear difficulties Trail 2: Landing gear difficulties Trial 3: Lift off

Conclusion
Goals Met: Weight goal met within acceptable margin weight goal of 2 lb 8 oz, actual weight of 2lb 11 oz Plane was able to take off and fly within 20 ft Goals Unmet: Unable to do controlled loop with landing due to lack of pilot training Unable to prove during competition that large payload could be taken due to problems with landing gear

Conclusion
Lessons Learned Landing gear proved to be main problem. More consideration should have

been given here.

Plane performed in air as expected. Dihedral angle and center of gravity at centre of pressure provided roll and pitch stability. Safety Concern: drilling near batteries

Budget
$500 maximum budget $301.65 spent

$48 unused materials

Part Cost ($) Common Parts 77.98 Male Ultra Plug 4.99 Female Ultra Plug 4.99 Servo Extension 12" Standard x2 15.98 Hinge Tape 5.99 Mini Lite Wheels 1.25" 4.99 Micro Sport Wheels 1.45" 4.99 Pushrod and Clevis Set 2.49 Latex Foam Rubber 1/2" 8.99 Krazy Glue 3.99 Corrugated Plastic 17.98 Packaging Tape 2.24 Aluminum Sheets 0 Dura Collars 3/32" 2.99 Tailwheel Bracket 3.99 Tailwheel 4.99 Gold Bullet Connector 8.99 4 Carbon Fibre Rods 43.96 Landing Gear 7.99 Pushrod - Steel 8.99 Econokote 16.99 Propeller 5.99 Balsa Sheet 3.49 2 Wooden Dowels 3/16" Diam. 2.98 Subtotal 266.95 Total 301.65

Project Management

Project Management

Project Management

References
D. Raymer, Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach, 5th ed., American Institute of Aeronautics, 2012. M. H. Sadraey, "Design of Control Surfaces," in Aircraft Design: A Systems Engineering Approach, Wiley Publications, 2012, p. 670 NASA, "Wing Geometry Definitions," 13 September 2010. [Online]. Available: https://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/geom.html. [Accessed 23 May 2013]. SAE International, "SAE Aero Design Series," 2013.

HDYO, "HDYO," 2012. [Online]. Available: http://en.hdyo.org/tee/questions. [Accessed 28 July 2013].

"touringmachine," [Online]. Available: http://www.touringmachine.com/images/PitchRollYaw.png. [Accessed 28 July 2013].

Questions

(HDYO,2012)