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Introduction to Automation Testing

1. 2. 3. 4. What is Automation? Why we Need to go for Automation? When we Need to go for Automation? When not to go for Automation?

What is Automation? Test Automation is the process of simulating a set of (manual) actions on the given system using an Automation tool or utility REMEMBER: Automation is NOT a replacement for manual testing Automation is NOT intended to find bugs 100% testing cant be automated Why to Automate: Repetitive tests performed by a tester manually May result in Human Errors Consume more time Automation Helps to Reducing repetitive manual interactions with system during testing phase Improve product reliability & quality by eliminating human errors Improve Test Coverage with automation, and Reduce costs of testing [when wisely used] What to Automate: Tests that Need to Run for Every Build Tests that use multiple data values for same action Identical tests that need to be executed using different browsers What NOT to Automate: Tests Cases that will only be executed once Test Cases used for Ad-hoc/random Testing Test cases that are infrequently selected for execution Test cases that will require manual intervention i.e. a task not possible to automate The most important one-based on the intuition and knowledge of application E.g. If you find that you cant escape from manual intervention

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Advantages of Automations:

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Less Execution Time and Effort. Tests can be executed on unattended mode and 24*7. Parameterize all the input data through a single global data sheet makes it easy to modify the input data for any future enhancement in the application thus reducing the maintenance cost. Automation is cost effective. QTP Testing Process: Test Planning Plan How you want to automate your Tests Creating Tests Recording steps using QTP Coding steps Enhancing your test Insert Checkpoints Parameterization Debugging your test Ensure that it operates smoothly and without interruption Running your test Run the test to check the behavior of your application Analyzing the Test results Examine the test results to locate defects in your application Reporting defects Report the defects in to bug tracking tool

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QTP Tool Features

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QTP was Launched in 2002 (Nov). By Mercury Interactive. Later taken over by HP, in 2007 QTP is an Object Based Testing Tool QTP is for Functional and Regression Testing It follows Keyword Driven Approach It supports Windows Operating Environment only. It supports GUI based (Graphical user interface) and Web based Applications Automation, does not support CUI (Command user interface) Applications. It has multilingual support. (It supports English, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, etc languages with respect to license.) It has adapted Microsoft Visual Basic Scripting edition for programming and Excel like spread sheet for Data driven testing. Tools support for QTP: VB Script for Scripting (for implementing programming logic) VB Script Engine integrated in QTP, so apart from scripting features we can use File system, Excel, word, Adodb etc. Object models from QTP. SQL (Structured query language) Engine integrated in QTP, so we can use SQL Statements in QTP to perform Database Operations Excel like spread sheet integrated in QTP for performing Data driven Testing We can install MS Script Debugger with QTP for Debugging Test scripts. QTP uses XML format for Test results, Environment variables and for exporting object repositories. QTP can be integrated with other Tools like WinRunner and Quality Center. QTP can be used for user interface (UI) test case automation and some limited (Non UI) Test case automation like File system operations and Data base operations. It was derived from Astra QuickTest (mother tool of QTP). It supports IE (Internet Explorer) only for recording tests, for execution it supports other browsers like Mozilla and AOL, opera Etc apart from IE. QTP is a Desktop Application (I-Tier/Stand alone). QTP developed in .NET Technology. Since it is Stand-alone Application, It doesn't have Database, It stores resources as files (Internal and External). We can't share qtp services from one machine to another, but we can share resources (Ex: Object Repository files, Function Libraries, Environment variable files, Recovery scenario files etc...)

QTP has two types of License: Seat or Node locked License Concurrent or float license. We have to use Seat license from fixed system/machine and Concurrent License, we can use from any system but one user at a time. If we want multiple concurrent licenses that we can purchase QTP has UNI code support. Version History of QuickTest Professional

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Astra QuickTest (Mother tool of QTP) 1.0 to 5.0 QTP derived from Astra QuickTest and influenced by WinRunner Quick Test Professional 5.6 Nov 2002 6.5 2003 8.0 2004 8.2, 8.3 2005 9.0,9.1-2006 9.2- 2007 Mercury Interactive 9.5 2008 H.P 10.00 2009 January 11.00 2010** (It is Latest Version) ******************************************** QTP Tool Window Menus

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QTP Commands are available in 3 ways. 1. Menu options 2. Tool Bar options 3. Short cut keys (for Some important operations only) File menu: Through file menu user can create, save tests, open existing tests, export tests in zip format. Command New > Test New > Business Component New > Scripted Component New > Application Area New > Function Library Open > Test Open > Business/Scripted Component Open > Application Area Open > Function Library Close Close All Function Libraries Quality Center Connection Function Creates a new test. Creates a new business component. Creates a new scripted component. Creates a new application area. Creates a new function library. Opens an existing test. Opens an existing business or scripted component. Opens an existing application area. Opens an existing function library. Closes the active function library. Closes all open function libraries. Opens the Quality Center Connection dialog box, enabling you to connect to a Quality Center project. Provides a sub-menu of options for managing versions of QuickTest assets in Quality Center. The sub-menu is available only when you are connected to version-control enabled Quality Center project. Saves the active document. Opens the relevant Save dialog box so you can save the open document. Saves a standalone copy of the current test together with its resource files. Saves all open documents. Makes read-only function libraries editable.

Ctrl+N Ctrl+Shift+N Ctrl+Alt+N Shift+Alt+N Ctrl+O Ctrl+Shift+O Ctrl+Alt+O Shift+Alt+O

Quality Center Version Control

Save Save As Save Test with Resources Save All Enable Editing

Ctrl+S

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Export Test to Zip File Import Test from Zip File Convert to Scripted Component Print Print Preview Creates a zip file of the active document. Imports a document from a zip file. Converts a business component to a scripted component. Prints the active document. Displays the Keyword View as it will look when printed and enables you to modify the page setup. Opens the Settings dialog box, enabling you to define settings for the open document. (Not relevant for function libraries) Opens the Process Guidance Management dialog box, enabling you to manage the list of processes that are available in QuickTest. Associates the active function library with the open document. (Available only from function libraries) Lists the recently viewed files. Closes the QuickTest session.

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Ctrl+Alt+S Ctrl+Alt+M Ctrl+Alt+C Ctrl+P

Settings

Process Guidance Management Associate Library '<Function Library Name>' with '<Document Name>' Recent Files Exit

Edit Menu: It provides editing options and renaming, deleting and splitting actions.

Command Undo Redo Cut Copy Paste Delete Copy Documentation to Clipboard Action > Split Action Action > Rename Action Action > Delete Action Action > Action Properties

Function Reverses the last command or deletes the last entry you typed. Reverses the most recent operation of the Undo command. Removes the selection from your document. Copies the selection from your document. Pastes the selection to your document. Deletes the selection from your document. Copies the content of the Documentation column of the Keyword View, enabling you to paste it in an external application. Separates an action into two sibling actions or into parent-child nested actions. Changes the name of an action. Enables you to remove the selected call to the action, or delete the action and its calls from the active test. Enables you to specify options, parameters, and Page 6 of 93

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associated object repositories for a stored action.

Action > Action Call Properties

Enables you to specify the number of run iterations according to the number of rows in the Data Table, and to define the values of input parameters and the storage location of output parameters. Opens the Comment Properties dialog box for a comment step. Available only when the selected step is a comment. Opens the Object Properties dialog box for a selected object. Available only when the selected step contains a test object.

Step Properties > Comment Properties Step Properties > Object Properties

Step Properties > Checkpoint Opens the relevant Checkpoint Properties dialog box for a selected object. Available only when the selected Properties step is a checkpoint step. Step Properties > Output Value Properties Step Properties > Report Properties Find Replace Go To Bookmarks Advanced > Comment Block Advanced > Uncomment Block Advanced > Indent Advanced > Outdent Opens the relevant Output Value Properties dialog box for a selected object. Available only when the selected step is an output value step. Displays the Report Properties dialog box for a report step. Available only when the selected step is a Reporter.ReportEvent step. Searches for a specified string. Searches and replaces a specified string. Moves the cursor to a particular line in the test. Creates bookmarks in your script for easy navigation. Comments out the current row, or selected rows. Removes the comment formatting from the current or selected rows. Indents the step according to the tab spacing defined in the Editor Options dialog box. Outdents the step (reduces the indentation) according to the tab spacing defined in the Editor Options dialog box. Navigates to the definition of the selected function. Completes the word when you type the beginning of a VBScript method or object. Displays the syntax of a method.

Advanced > Go to Function Definition Advanced > Complete Word Advanced > Argument Info

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Advanced > Apply "With" to Generates With statements for the action displayed in the Expert View, and enables IntelliSense within With Script statements. Advanced > Remove "With" Statements Optional Step Converts any With statements in the action displayed in the Expert View to regular (single-line) VBScript statements. Inserts an optional step (a step that is not required to successfully complete a run session).

View menu: Through this menu we can launch and close, active screen, Data Table, Debug viewer, information, missing resources etc. Test Pane: It is programming interface of QTP, used for creating, editing, viewing and deleting test scripts. Test: It is a set of statements or set of one or more actions. (It is a local concept) Action: It is a set of Statements. (It is a local concept) Statement: A minimal executable unit. Statements may have keywords. (Keyword such as function, method, statement etc). It is a global concept.

Test pane has 2 views. Expert view- Test in VB script format. Key word view- Test in Icon based GUI format.

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Note1: Here in test pane Test is same but views are different, if you perform any modifications in one view those automatically reflects in another view. Note 2: Technical users use expert view and business user use key word view. Note 3: User can customize Test pane view options. Navigation: Tools Menu> view options> we can use font size and colors etc. 2) Active Screen It has an optional element of QTP, it takes snap shots of every statement that user performed action or operation on AUT. It can be used for understanding and editing the test easily. Navigation: View menu>active screen (for launching and closing)

Configuring Active Screen: Tools > Options > Active screen tab > Increase / Decrease capture level, Apply and OK. Page 9 of 93

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Note 1: Generally novice testers use this feature but it occupies lot of memory space on QTP. 3) Data Table It has an integrated spread sheet (Excel like), used for Data driven testing. Navigation: View menu>Data table (for launching and closing)

Data driven Testing: Testing the same task(S) or same operation with multiple sets of test data. It can be used in two ways. 1. Enter test data directly into Data Table and use. 2. Importing data from external files (Flat files, excel sheets, etc) and Data bases (MS access, Sql Server, oracle, etc.) It has two types of sheets. 1). Global Sheet- for entire Test /used for all actions in the Test. 2). Action Sheets- for specific Action only. Data table available in 2 ways: 1). Design time data table. (Attached with every test) 2). Run time data table. (Available in result window) Run time is a carbon copy of design time data table. QTP has Data table methods for performing operations on data table. Page 10 of 93

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4) Debug Viewer It is used for locating and rectifying or fixing errors. It can be used for debugging the tests by step-by-step execution. We use Step into, Step over and Step out commands for debugging. (debug commands) Navigation: View menu>debug viewer (for launching and closing)

Through Debug viewer user can watch variables and change values of variables temporarily. 5) Missing Resources It can be used for showing missing resources that attached to current test such as (Recovery Scenarios, Library files etc). Navigation: View menu >missing resources (for launching and closing) 6) Information This pane shows syntax errors automatically during saving the test. Navigation: view menu> information

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Insert Menu: Through this menu user can inserting check points, out put values, synchronizing points. In this menu step generator available, using this user can generate recordable and non-recordable scripts. Through insert menu user can insert VB Script conditional and loop statements and transaction points (Start and End). Through insert menu user can create new actions, call existing actions and copy existing actions. Automation Menu: This menu provides Record, Run options and Run setting options Through this menu we can start normal recording, analog recording and Low level recording. Through this menu we can stop recoding, running and also we run tests. Command Record Run Function Short Cut Keys F3 F5 F4 Ctrl+F5

Starts a recording session. Starts a run session from the beginning or from the line at which the session was paused. Stops the recording or run session. Stop Runs only the active action. Run Current Action Starts a run session from the selected step. Run from Step Maintenance Run Mode Starts a run session during which the Maintenance Run Mode wizard opens for steps that failed because an object was not found in the application (if applicable). Starts a run session to update test object Update Run Mode descriptions and other options (if applicable). Starts recording in Analog Recording mode. Analog Recording Starts recording in Low Level Recording mode. Low Level Recording Record and Run Settings Opens the Record and Run Settings dialog box,

Shift+Alt+F3 Ctrl+Shift+F3

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enabling you to define browser preferences for recording and running your test. Lists the processes that are available for the current document type and for the currently loaded QuickTest add-ins, enabling you to open them. Enables you to view results for a test run session.

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Process Guidance List

Results

QTP supports three types of recording modes. They are: 1) Normal recording mode 2) Analog Recording 3) Low Level Recording 1) Normal recording mode records the objects in your application and the operations performed on them. This mode is the default and takes full advantage of the QuickTest test object model, recognizing the objects in your application regardless of their location on the screen. 2) Analog Recording. Enables you to record the exact mouse and keyboard operations you perform in relation to either the screen or the application window. In this recording mode, QuickTest records and tracks every movement of the mouse as you drag the mouse around a screen or window. 3) Low Level Recording. Enables you to record on any object in your application, whether or not QuickTest recognizes the specific object or the specific operation. This mode records at the object level and records all run-time objects as Window or WinObject test objects. Use low-level recording for recording in an environment or on an object not recognized by QuickTest. You can also use low-level recording if the exact coordinates of the object are important for your test.

Resources Menu: This menu provides object repository and recovery scenarios options.
Through this menu we can create /modify/delete objects information and we can associate repositories. Through this menu we can create, modify and delete recovery scenarios. Command Object Repository (Ctrl+R) Function Opens the Object Repository window, which displays a tree containing all objects in the current test or component. Opens the Object Repository Manager dialog box, enabling you to open and modify multiple shared object repositories. Opens the Associate Repositories dialog box, enabling you to manage the object repository associations for the test. Opens the Map Repository Parameters dialog box, enabling you to map repository parameters, as needed. Opens the Recovery Scenario Manager dialog box. Lists the function libraries associated with the active document, enabling you to open them.

Object Repository Manager

Associate Repositories

Map Repository Parameters Recovery Scenario Manager Associated Function Libraries Debug Menu:

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This menu provides debug commands for step by step execution. Through this menu we can insert/remove/break points.

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Tools Menu: This menu provides Tools settings option, view options and object identification configuration. Through this menu we can set tool options as well as test pane view options. In this menu object spy option available, through this we can get objects information.(Properties and values) In this menu Virtual object option available; through this option we can create virtual objects. Command Options View Options Function Opens the Options dialog box, enabling you to modify global testing options. Opens the Editor Options dialog box, enabling you to customize how tests and function libraries are displayed in the Expert View and Function Library windows. Checks the syntax of the active document. Opens the Object Identification dialog box, enabling you to specify how QuickTest identifies a particular test object. Opens the Object Spy dialog box, enabling you to view the native properties and operations of any object in an open application, as well as the test object hierarchy, identification properties, and operations of the test object that QuickTest uses to represent that object. Opens the Web Event Recording Configuration dialog box, enabling you to specify a recording configuration level. (Relevant for tests only) Opens the Data Driver dialog box, which displays the default Constants list for the action. (Relevant for tests only) Replaces the previously recorded Active Screen with the selected Active Screen. (Relevant for tests only) Opens the Virtual Object Wizard, enabling you to teach QuickTest to recognize an area of your application as a standard test object. Opens the Virtual object Manager, enabling you to manage all of the virtual object collections defined on your computer. Opens the Customize dialog box, which enables you to customize toolbars and menus, and create new menus.

Check Syntax (Ctrl+F7) Object Identification Object Spy

Web Event Recording Configuration Data Driver Change Active Screen Virtual Objects > New Virtual Object Virtual Objects > Virtual Object Manager Customize

Window Menu: This menu provides QTP tool window style settings. Help Menu: This menu provides QTP help as well as VB Script help. Through this menu we can contact technical support people and we can send feedback. Through this menu we can check for updates and download or install directly.

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Object Identification Configuration Object: Object is something, which has structure and properties. Every test automation tool is GUI (graphical user interface) sensitive. Test automation tool has to identify the objects on the application, then only it can do the intended operations. Quick Test Professional has its own mechanism to identify the objects on the Application under Test. QTP has various add-ins available for different applications. Let us have a look at the QTPs object identification mechanism 1. Open QTP 2. Click Tools > Object Identification 3. Object Identification dialog gets opened

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In QTP 10.0 standard installation, it comes with ActiveX, Visual Basic, and Web add-ins and can identify the objects of ActiveX, Standard Windows, Visual Basic, and Web applications. QTP identifies the objects with the following properties: 1. 2. 3. 4. Mandatory properties Assistive properties Smart identification Ordinal identifier o Location o Index

Will get into each one of these bullet points later. Let us have look at one of the important features of QTP which will be used many times during the test automation of an application is Object Spy. Open the Application under Test (AUT) Click Tools > Object Spy..

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Click on the hand button on the spy Click on a particular object on the AUTs user interface. All the properties of the object will be displayed on this spy. Below figures illustrate how object spy displays the object properties (Windows, Visual Basic, and Web application are taken as examples)

Types of Object in QTP: There are four types of object available in QTP. 1. Run time objects 2. Test objects 3. Utility objects 4. Automation objects/User defined objects. Run time objects: The objects present in the AUT. Ex: Buttons, Links, etc Test Objects: References of Run time objects. Ex: WinEdit, WinButton, WebButton, Link, etc Note: Test objects names vary from one environment to another. Utility objects They are QTP reserved objects used for Testing and Result reporting. Ex: 1. SystemUtil for launching/closing the application. 2. Reporter for defining results. 3. Services for inserting transaction points 4. Environment for using environment variables

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1) Systemutil:

Operating System
BROWSER
PPTS

PAGE
OBJECTS in BROWSER

NOTEPAD

CARGAMES

From the above diagram, It is Clearly understood that the Browser, Notepad, Car Game anything installed in windows are all SIBLINGS under the windows operating system. To access these installed application, we need to have reference of the operating system----SystemUtil will give you the reference of the operating system Systemutil: Is an implicit object of QTP that brings reference to existing operating system in which QTP is installed instantly Example: Suppose QTP is installed in windows 7 operating system then systemutil bring the reference of windoews7 operating system Methods: BlockInput CloseDescendentProcesses CloseProcessByHwnd CloseProcessById CloseProcessByName CloseProcessByWndTitle Run UnblockInput
Prevents Keyboard and mouse input events from reaching application

Closes all processes by Quick Test Closes a process that is the owner of a window with the specified handle Closes a process according to its process ID (PID) Closes a process according to its name Closes all processes that are owners of windows with the specified title Runs a file or Application Re-enables Keyword and mouse input events after a BlockInput statement was used to Block them

Process Names that we use in Above Methods Application Name Windows Process name Notepad Wordpad Internet Explorer Notepad.exe Winword.exe Iexplore.exe Page 18 of 93

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Micro soft paint Excel Filght

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Mspaint.exe Excel.exe "C:\Program Files\HP\QuickTest Professional\samples\flight\app\flight4a.exe"

2) Reporter: The object used for sending information to the test results Syntax: Reporter.ReportEvent EventStatus, ReportStepName, Details [, ImageFilePath] Argument Type Description EventStatus Number or Status of the Test Results step: pre-defined 0 or micPass: Causes the status of this step to be passed and sends constant the specified message to the Test Results window. 1 or micFail: Causes the status of this step to be failed and sends the specified message to the Test Results window. When this step runs, the test fails. 2 or micDone: Sends a message to the Test Results window without affecting the pass/fail status of the test. 3 or micWarning: Sends a warning message to the Test Results window, but does not cause the test to stop running, and does not affect the pass/fail status of the test. ReportStepName String Name of the step displayed in the Test Results window. Details String Description of the Test Results event. The string will be displayed in the step details frame in the Test Results window. ImageFilePath String Optional. Path and filename of the image to be displayed in the Results Details tab of the Test Results window. Images in the following formats can be displayed: BMP, PNG, JPEG, and GIF. Notes: Images cannot be loaded from Quality Center. Including large images in the test results may impact performance. If an image is specified as a relative path, QuickTest will first search the Results folder for the image and then the search paths specified in the Folders pane of the Options dialog box. Example: The following examples use the ReportEvent method to report a failed step. Reporter.ReportEvent 1, "Custom Step", "The user-defined step failed." or Reporter.ReportEvent micFail, "Custom Step", "The user-defined step failed." The following example uses the ReportEvent method to include a captured bitmap in the test results. Browser("Browser").Page("WebPage").Image("MyLogo").CaptureBitmap("MyLogo.bmp") Reporter.ReportEvent micDone, "Display Logo", "This is my logo", "MyLogo.bmp" 3) Environment: Enables you to work with environment variables.

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You can set or retrieve the value of environment variables using the Environment object. You can retrieve the value of any environment variable. You can set the value of only user-defined, environment variables.

Syntax : To set the value of a user-defined, environment variable: Environment (VariableName) = NewValue To retrieve the value of a loaded environment variable: CurrValue = Environment (VariableName) Argument Type Description VariableName String The name of the environment variable. NewValue Variant The new value of the environment variable. CurrValue Variant The current value of the environment variable. Example The following example creates a new internal user-defined variable named MyVariable with a value of 10, and then retrieves the variable value and stores it in the MyValue variable. Environment.Value("MyVariable")=10 MyValue=Environment.Value("MyVariable")

Automation objects/User defined objects User can create objects; those can be used for performing specific operations. Ex: Creating objects in filesystemobject class, adodb.connection class, and dictionary object class, Excel. Application class etc

Overview: Generally for every object 20-25 properties information available, qtp recognizes object using 2 0r 3 important properties. Qtp has default object identification configuration for every environment, if we feel that config is not sufficient for recognizing objects in our application, we can configure some more Object Identification Types: a) Normal identification Mandatory properties Assistive properties b) Smart identification base filter properties optional filter properties c) Ordinal identifier Location Page 20 of 93

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Index creation time(only for web)

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QTP learns information in the following in case of normal identification: First of all the qtp learns all the mandatory properties at a time and thinks whether these properties sufficient to identify the object uniquely. if it feels sufficient then it stops learning otherwise, It learns first assistive property and once again stops and thinks, like this qtp learns one by one. At the end of assistive properties list also if it feels not satisfied and it finally goes to Ordinal Identifier. QTP learns information in the following in case of Smart Identification: Smart identification is an optional feature, if we feel normal identification is not sufficient for any object, and then we configure Smart Identification for that object, in order to avoid Ordinal Identifier. After normal identification if qtp feels not satisfied then it goes to smart identification. In smart identification 2 types of properties available, first qtp learns all base filter properties at a time and thinks whether these properties are sufficient for identifying the object uniquely. If it feels sufficient, then it stops learning otherwise it goes Optional Filter Properties and learns one by one. Still it feels not satisfied finally it goes to Ordinal Identifier. Ordinal identifiers: There are 3 types of ordinal identifiers available 1) Location: is based on object location in the AUT, location starts from zero. 2) Index: it is based on sequence of the programs, index starts from zero 3) Creation time: it is based on loading time of the web objects. QTP generates 0,1,2 like numbers. Tool Settings Globalization: As QTP is a I-tier(Stand-alone) application, making Tool settings globally is not possible. or making tool settings global, QTP is providing a special feature called "Generate Script". STEPS: 1) Settings available in 3 areas a) File->Settings b) Tools->Options c) Tools->Object Identification 2) Perform required settings and generate Scripts 3) Share Script files to team members and ask them to execute those scripts. NOTE: After executing these scripts all team members can get same settings. Object Repository Object Repository: It is a storage place of QTP where objects information can be stored and it also acts as interface between the Test script and the AUT in order to identify the objects during execution. There are two types of repository available in QTP. 1) Local repository (.MTR extension) 2) Shared repository(.TSR extension) Local Repository: Page 21 of 93

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QTP creates a Local Repository for every Action automatically during Recording. That cannot be shared among tests. User can add some more objects to Local repository User can perform rename, delete operations on local repository. As it is QTP internal file user no need to save modifications. Shared Repository: User (Test Engineer) creates the Shared Repository by adding objects. That can be shared among number of tests. Using this method user can perform modifications on objects easily. Operations on Object Repository Adding objects a) Local Repository: Navigation: open Local Repository (Resource Menu > Object Repository) objects>Add objects to Local> Show the Object>Click Ok (No need to save separately, it saves automatically) b) Shared Repository: Navigation: Resource menu>object repository manager>object>Add objects>show the window/object>click ok Selected object only Default object types All objects types Selected object types (If we select first option it stores selected objects only, if we select second option it stores all default objects, if we select third option it stores All objects including static objects, if we select fourth option, we have to select object classes then it stores that class objects, we can select more than one class also.) Renaming Objects a) Local Repository: Resources > object repository >select object and right click >choose rename option >modify the name>release the mouse.>close repository b) Shared Repository: Resources >object repository manager>file>open>browse path of the repository file >file>enable editing>select object &Right click>choose rename option>modify the name > release mouse>save the file & close repository manager. Deleting Objects a) Local Repository: Resources > object repository >select object and right click >choose delete option >confirm deletion>. >close repository b) Shared Repository: Resources >object repository manager>file>open>browse path of the repository file >file>enable editing>select object &Right click>choose delete option>confirm the deletion >save the file & close repository manager. Associating Object Repositories to an Action/Test 1) Resources>Associate repositories>click add icon (+)>browse path of the repository>Associate with an action>click ok Page 22 of 93

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2) Repositoriescollection.Add Repository file path (It is Used to Associate Repository to QTP at Run Time) Merging Repositories Resources > object repository manager>tools>object repository merge tool >browse path of the first repository> browse path of the second repository>click ok>click close>save the merged repository>close the repository manager. Note: After merging also, source repository files will be available, if we do not want source files we can delete. Defining New Test Objects Navigation: Object>Define new test object >Select Environment>Select Class of the object>Enter name of the object>Click Add>click close>Select object >select property name>enter value (like this select one by one properties and enter values)>save Note: This feature can be used for preparing tests before the AUT is ready. Spying Objects For getting objects information, (Test objects names, property & Values) QTP is providing a feature called Object Spy, using this we can get objects information. Navigation>Tools>object spy>take hand icon & Show the object>get information (Object Spy shows the specific objects all available properties with their values) Note: As Object spy is an important feature, it can be available in 3 Areas. (1. In tools Menu 2. In local repository 3. In Repository manager)

View Options Locate in Repository This feature can be used for identifying objects from application to repository. Navigation: View>Locate in repository >show the object>click Ok>it locates specified object in the repository. Highlight in Application This feature can be used for identifying objects from repository to application. Navigation: Select object in the repository >view>highlight in application>it highlights specified objects in the application. Exporting Repository to an XML file We can export our repository file to an xml file. Navigation: File >export Test objects to XML Enter the file name and Save with xml extension. Page 23 of 93

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Importing Repository from XML file. We can import XML file to our repository.

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Navigation: File>import from XML >browse path of the XML file >it loads objects. Note: The purpose of this feature is Editing objects information outside of the QTP

Global or Shared Object Repository is preferable when application is dynamic and object description change frequently Between Shared and local object repository , shared object repository is more commonly used in automation projects But it has maintenance and administration overheads as compared to local object repository. To create and use a shared object repository you need to perform three broad steps 1) Creating a Shared Object Repository 2) Associating a Shared Object Repository 3) Editing a Shared Object Repository 1) Creating a Shared Object Repository All repositories are local by default. If you want to Create a Shared Object repository Select Resources>Click on Object Repository Manager. Object Repository Manger will open Repository files have an extension .tsr .Give a suitable name say "qtt and save The Shared Repository File is now created 2) Associating a Shared Object Repository Next step is to associate the repository to your test, which enables you to use it To associate repository with a test, Click Resources > Associate Repository You can select the Repository to associate with Actions available in your test. Now you can now use this shared repository to develop your test 3) Editing a Shared Object Repository You can use the Object Repository Manager to Edit a Shared Repository. Select Resources > Object Repository Manager .Open the Object Repository we created "qtt" By Default, Repository is opened in Read-only mode. To enable editing click File > Enable Editing Once editing is enabled you can all the operations like cut , copy , pate , rename objects etc that you can also do in Object Repository Using Object Repository Manager is you can compare two Object Repositories .QTP will give you a static's of what's unique and common in both the repositories You can use the Object repository merge to Convert Local object Repository to Shared Object Repository All repositories are local by default. To create a Shared Object Repository, in the Object Repository Dialog Box , Click File > Export Local Objects Repository files have an extension .tsr .Give a suitable name say "quality and save The Shared Repository File is now created

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Configure Web Object Properties into Object Identification Tool S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Web UI Object Name Browser Page Frame WebTable WebEdit WebList WebRadiGroup WebCheckBox Image WebButtomn File Link WebElement Dialog Box Test Object Property Name Title Name Name Name Name, allitems Name,allitems Name File Name Name, Type Name Name,Innertext,href Name, Innertext, href Name, regexptitle

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Relation Between Object Identification tool and Object Repository/Object Repository manager OR/ORM and Object Identification tool go hand in hand and they are both sides of same coin. Whatever configured in object identification tool reflects in ORM while adding Objects. Suppose If you try to Add the Web UI WebButton Object to the Object Repository. The changes in Mandatory properties in Object Identification tool will appear as Description properties in the right pane of the Object Repository As below figs shown

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QTP Actions: Action: Set of Statements for perfoming a Task(s) We divide our test into actions to streamline the process of testing. Purpose of Actions: For understandability For reusing components Types of Actions: 1) Non Re usable actions 2) Re usable actions 3) External actions Operations on Actions: Creating Actions Splitting Actions Renaming Actions Deleting Actions Calling an Action Copying an Action Making an Action Reusable/Non Reusable Creating an Action: Insert>call to new action>enter name of the action>click ok Steps: Page 26 of 93

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1. Create required actions(ex login, insert,delte) 2. Prepare Scripts for those actions. Splitting an action: Navigation: Place cursor in desired location>Edit menu>action>split action>Enter Action 1 name & action 2 name. Steps: 1. Generate total test in the default action 2. Split into meaningful actions. Note: At a time we can split one actions into 2 actions. Renaming actions: Select desired action in action drop down box> edit menu>action>rename action>modify the name>click ok. Deleting Actions: Select desired action in action drop down box>edit menu>action>delete action>confirm deletion. Calling an action: Insert>call to existing action>browse path of the test>select desired action>click ok. Note: U cant edit Copying an action: Insert>call to copy of action>browse path of the test>select desired action>click ok. Note: we can edit this action. Making an action reusable: Select Non Reusable action >edit >action>action properties>check reusable action check box >click ok. VBSCRIPT VARIABLES AND DATATYPES What Is a Variable? A variable is a convenient placeholder that refers to a computer memory location where you can store program information that may change during execution (Or) Variable is a named memory location for storing program information Declaring Variables We declare variables explicitly in our script using the Dim statement, the Public statement, and the Private statement. We declare multiple variables by separating each variable name with a comma. For example: Dim Top, Bottom, Left, Right Page 27 of 93

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We can also declare a variable implicitly by simply using its name in our script. Generally it is not a good practice because you could misspell the variable name in one or more places, causing unexpected results During execution. For that reason, the Option Explicit statement is available to require explicit declaration of all variables. The Option Explicit statement should be the first statement in the script. Purpose of Variable: a) Comparing values Example: Dim x,y,a x=100 y=100 a=x=y Msgbox a 'It returns True b) Holding Program Result Example: Cost=Tickets*Price c) Passing parameters d) To store data that returned by functions Example: myDate=Now It returns current data & time e) To hold data Example: myName=Quality thought Option explicit: When you use the Option Explicit statement, you must explicitly declare all variables using the Dim, Private, Public, or ReDim statements. If you attempt to use an undeclared variable name, an error occurs. Naming Restrictions Variable names follow the standard rules for naming anything in VBScript. A variable name:

Must begin with an alphabetic character. Cannot contain an embedded period. Must not exceed 255 characters. Must be unique in the scope in which it is declared.

Assigning Values to Variables Values are assigned to variables creating an expression as follows: the variable is on the left side of the expression and the value you want to assign to the variable is on the right. For example: B = 200 DATATYPES What Are VBScript Data Types? Page 28 of 93

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VBScript has only one data type called a Variant. A Variant is a special kind of data type that can contain different kinds of information, depending on how it's used. Because Variant is the only data type in VBScript, it's also the data type returned by all functions in VBScript. At its simplest, a Variant can contain either numeric or string information. A Variant behaves as a number when you use it in a numeric context and as a string when you use it in a string context. That is, if you're working with data that looks like numbers, VBScript assumes that it is numbers and does the thing that is most appropriate for numbers. Similarly, if you're working with data that can only be string data, VBScript treats it as string data. Of course, you can always make numbers behave as strings by enclosing them in quotation marks (" "). Variant Subtypes The following table shows the subtypes of data that a Variant can contain. Subtype Empty Null Boolean Byte Integer Currency Long Single Description Variant is uninitialized. Value is 0 for numeric variables or a zero-length string ("") for string variables. Variant intentionally contains no valid data. Contains either True or False. Contains integer in the range 0 to 255. Contains integer in the range -32,768 to 32,767. -922,337,203,685,477.5808 to 922,337,203,685,477.5807. Contains integer in the range -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. Contains a single-precision, floating-point number in the range -3.402823E38 to -1.401298E-45 for negative values; 1.401298E-45 to 3.402823E38 for positive values. Contains a double-precision, floating-point number in the range 1.79769313486232E308 to -4.94065645841247E-324 for negative values; 4.94065645841247E-324 to 1.79769313486232E308 for positive values. Contains a number that represents a date between January 1, 100 to December 31, 9999. Contains a variable-length string that can be up to approximately 2 billion characters in length. Contains an object. Contains an error number.

Double

Date (Time) String Object Error

Operator Precedence When several operations occur in an expression, each part is evaluated and resolved in a predetermined order called operator precedence. You can use parentheses to override the order of precedence and force some parts of an expression to be evaluated before others. Operations within parentheses are always performed before those outside. Within parentheses, however, standard operator precedence is maintained. When expressions contain operators from more than one category, arithmetic operators are evaluated first, comparison operators are evaluated next, and logical operators are evaluated last. Comparison operators

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all have equal precedence; that is, they are evaluated in the left-to-right order in which they appear. Arithmetic and logical operators are evaluated in the following order of precedence. Arithmetic Description Exponentiation Unary negation Multiplication Division Integer division Modulus arithmetic Addition Subtraction String concatenation Symbol ^ * / \ Mod + &

Comparison Description Equality Inequality Less than Greater than Less than or equal to Greater than or equal to Object equivalence Symbol = <> < > <= >= Is

Logical Description Logical negation Logical conjunction Logical disjunction Logical exclusion Logical equivalence Logical implication Symbol Not And Or Xor Eqv Imp

When multiplication and division occur together in an expression, each operation is evaluated as it occurs from left to right. Likewise, when addition and subtraction occur together in an expression, each operation is evaluated in order of appearance from left to right. The string concatenation (&) operator is not an arithmetic operator, but in precedence it falls after all arithmetic operators and before all comparison operators. The Is operator is an object reference

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comparison operator. It does not compare objects or their values; it checks only to determine if two object references refer to the same object. The logic of OR is that if at least one of the inputs are True, the output is true; True OR True = True True OR False = True False OR True = True False OR False = False

XOR only returns True if one and only one of the inputs is True. True Xor True = False True Xor False = True False Xor True = True False Xor False = False

Imp returns false if first one is true and second one false except this it returns true. True imp True = True True imp False = False False imp True = True False imp False = True

CONDITIONAL AND LOOPING STATEMENTS We can control the flow of our script with conditional statements and looping statements. Using conditional statements, we can write VBScript code that makes decisions and repeats actions. The following conditional statements are available in VBScript: Conditional Statements: 1) IfThenElse Statement If...Then...Else: Conditionally executes a group of statements, depending on the value of an expression. Syntax: If condition Then statements [Else elsestatements ] OR If condition Then [statements] [ElseIf condition-n Then [elseifstatements]] . . . [Else [elsestatements]] End If Page 31 of 93

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2) Select Case Statement

Select Case: Executes one of several groups of statements, depending on the value of an expression. Syntax: Select Case testexpression [Case expressionlist-n [statements-n]] . . . [Case Else expressionlist-n [elsestatements-n]] End Select Example: 'Select Case Colour =Ucase( Inputbox("Please enter the colour of your choice")) Select Case Colour Case "RED" MsgBox "Colour selected is Red" Case "BLUE" MsgBox "Colour selected is Red" Case "GREEN" MsgBox "Colour selected is Red" Case ELSE MsgBox "Invalid Colour" End Select

Looping statements are used to run the same block of code a specified number of times. In VBScript we have four looping statements: 1) Using Do Loops We can use Do...Loop statements to run a block of statements an indefinite number of times. The statements are repeated either while a condition is True or until a condition becomes True. a) Repeating Statements While a Condition is True Repeats a block of statements while a condition is True or until a condition becomes True i) Do While condition Statements --------------------Loop Or, we can use this below syntax: Example:

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Dim x Do While x<5 x=x+1 Msgbox "Hello Quality Thought" Msgbox "Hello QTP" Loop ii) Do Statements --------------------Loop While condition Example: Dim x x=1 Do Msgbox "Hello Quality Thought" Msgbox "Hello QTP" x=x+1 Loop While x<5 b) Repeating a Statement Until a Condition Becomes True iii) Do Until condition Statements --------------------Loop Or, we can use this below syntax: Example: Dim x Do Until x=5 x=x+1 Msgbox "Quality Thought" Msgbox "Hello QTP" Loop Or, we can use this below syntax: iv) Do Statements --------------------Loop Until condition Or, we can use this below syntax: Example: Dim x x=1

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Do Msgbox Hello Quality Thought Msgbox "Hello QTP" x=x+1 Loop Until x=5 2 While...Wend Statement Executes a series of statements as long as a given condition is True. Syntax: While condition Statements --------------------Wend Example: Dim x x=0 While x<5 x=x+1 msgbox "Hello Quality Thought" msgbox "Hello QTP" Wend 3) For...Next Statement Repeats a group of statements a specified number of times. Syntax: For counter = start to end [Step step] statements Next Example: Dim x For x= 1 to 5 step 1 Msgbox "Hello Quality Thought" Next 4) For Each...Next Statement Repeats a group of statements for each element in an array or collection. Syntax:

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For Each item In array Statements Next Example: 3) Dim a,b,x (3) a=20 b=30 x(0)= "Addition is "& a+b x(1)="Substraction is " & a-b x(2)= "Multiplication is " & a*b x(3)= "Division is " & a/b For Each element In x msgbox element Next 4) MyArray = Array("one","two","three","four","five") For Each element In MyArray msgbox element Next

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VbScript Functions:
String Functions Function InStr InStrRev LCase Left Len LTrim RTrim Trim Mid Replace Right Space StrComp String StrReverse UCase Description Returns the position of the first occurrence of one string within another. The search begins at the first character of the string Returns the position of the first occurrence of one string within another. The search begins at the last character of the string Converts a specified string to lowercase Returns a specified number of characters from the left side of a string Returns the number of characters in a string Removes spaces on the left side of a string Removes spaces on the right side of a string Removes spaces on both the left and the right side of a string Returns a specified number of characters from a string Replaces a specified part of a string with another string a specified number of times Returns a specified number of characters from the right side of a string Returns a string that consists of a specified number of spaces Compares two strings and returns a value that represents the result of the comparison Returns a string that contains a repeating character of a specified length Returns a string in which the character order of a specified string is reversed. Converts a specified string to uppercase

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Array Functions Function Array Filter IsArray Join LBound Split UBound Date/Time Functions Function CDate Date DateAdd DateDiff DatePart DateSerial DateValue Day FormatDateTime Hour IsDate Minute Month MonthName Now Second Time Timer TimeSerial TimeValue Weekday WeekdayName Year Math Functions

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Description Returns a variant containing an array Returns a zero-based array that contains a subset of a string array based on a filter criteria Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a specified variable is an array Returns a string that consists of a number of substrings in an array Returns the smallest subscript for the indicated dimension of an array Returns a zero-based, one-dimensional array that contains a specified number of substrings Returns the largest subscript for the indicated dimension of an array

Description Converts a valid date and time expression to the variant of subtype Date Returns the current system date Returns a date to which a specified time interval has been added Returns the number of intervals between two dates Returns the specified part of a given date Returns the date for a specified year, month, and day Returns a date Returns a number that represents the day of the month (between 1 and 31, inclusive) Returns an expression formatted as a date or time Returns a number that represents the hour of the day (between 0 and 23, inclusive) Returns a Boolean value that indicates if the evaluated expression can be converted to a date Returns a number that represents the minute of the hour (between 0 and 59, inclusive) Returns a number that represents the month of the year (between 1 and 12, inclusive) Returns the name of a specified month Returns the current system date and time Returns a number that represents the second of the minute (between 0 and 59, inclusive) Returns the current system time Returns the number of seconds since 12:00 AM Returns the time for a specific hour, minute, and second Returns a time Returns a number that represents the day of the week (between 1 and 7, inclusive) Returns the weekday name of a specified day of the week Returns a number that represents the year

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Function Abs Atn Cos Exp Hex Int Fix Log Oct Rnd Sgn Sin Sqr Tan Other Functions Function CreateObject Eval GetLocale GetObject GetRef

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Description Returns the absolute value of a specified number Returns the arctangent of a specified number Returns the cosine of a specified number (angle) Returns e raised to a power Returns the hexadecimal value of a specified number Returns the integer part of a specified number Returns the integer part of a specified number Returns the natural logarithm of a specified number Returns the octal value of a specified number Returns a random number less than 1 but greater or equal to 0 Returns an integer that indicates the sign of a specified number Returns the sine of a specified number (angle) Returns the square root of a specified number Returns the tangent of a specified number (angle)

Description Creates an object of a specified type Evaluates an expression and returns the result Returns the current locale ID Returns a reference to an automation object from a file Allows you to connect a VBScript procedure to a DHTML event on your pages

String Functions Instr: Returns the position of the first occurrence of one string within another. The search begins at the first character of the string Syntax: InStr([start, ]string1, string2[, compare]) Arguments Optional. Numeric expression that sets the starting position for each search. If omitted search Start begins at the first character position. If start contains Null an error occurs. The start argument is required if compare is specified. Required. String expression being searched. String1 Required. String expression searched for. String2 Compare Optional. Numeric value indicating the kind of comparison to use when evaluating substrings. See Settings section for values. If omitted, a binary comparison is performed. Settings The compare argument can have the following values: Constant Value Description Page 37 of 93

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vbBinaryCompare vbTextCompare Example: 0 1

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Perform a binary comparison. Perform a textual comparison.

Dim Strname Strname = Quality Thought Msgbox Instr (Strname,T) Return value = 9 Note: By default it takes the Binary comparison 0 2) Dim Strname , SearchChar Strname = Quality Thought SearchChar = T Msgbox Instr (10, Strname, SearchChar) A binary comparison starting at position 10 Return value = 0 3) Dim Strname, SearchChar Strname = Quality Thought SearchChar = t Msgbox Instr (7, Strname, SearchChar, 1) A Textual comparison starting at position 7 Return value = 9 4) Dim Strname, SearchChar Strname = Quality Thought SearchChar = t Msgbox Instr (1, Strname, SearchChar, 0) A binary comparison starting at position 1 Return value = 6 InStrRev: Returns the position of the first occurrence of one string within another. The search begins at the last character of the string Syntax: InStrRev (string1, string2 [, start [, compare]]) Examples: 5) Dim Strname, SearchChar Strname = Quality Thought SearchChar = t Msgbox InStrRev (Strname, SearchChar) Comparison is binary by default Return value = 15 6) Dim Strname, SearchChar Strname = Quality Thought SearchChar = t Msgbox InStrRev (Strname, SearchChar, 14,0) A binary comparison staring at position 14 Return value = 6 7) Dim Strname, SearchChar Strname = Quality Thought SearchChar = t Msgbox InStrRev (Strname, SearchChar,14,1) A textual Comparison starting at position 14 Return value = 9 8) Dim Strname, SearchChar Strname = Quality Thought SearchChar = T Msgbox InStrRev (Strname, SearchChar,8) A binary comparison starting at position 8 Page 38 of 93

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Return value = 0

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Lcase: Converts a specified string to lowercase Syntax: Lcase (string) Arguments String The string is any valid string expression. If string contains Null, Null is returned. Example: Dim Strname Strname = QTP Class Msgbox Lcase (Strname) Return value = qtp class Ucase: Converts a specified string to uppercase Syntax: Ucase (string) Arduments String The string is any valid string expression. If string contains Null, Null is returned. Example: Dim Strname Strname = quality Thought Msgbox Ucase (Strname) Return value = QUALITY THOUGHT Left: Returns a specified number of characters from the left side of a string Syntax: Left(string, length) Arguments string String expression from which the leftmost characters are returned. If string contains Null, Null is returned. length Numeric expression indicating how many characters to return. If 0, a zero-length string("") is returned. If greater than or equal to the number of characters in string, the entire string is returned. Example: Dim Strname Strname = QTP Vb Script Msgbox Left(Strname,3) Return value = QTP Right: Returns a specified number of characters from the right side of a string Syntax: Right(string, length) Arguments string String expression from which the leftmost characters are returned. If string contains Null, Null is returned. length Numeric expression indicating how many characters to return. If 0, a zero-length string("") is returned. If greater than or equal to the number of characters in string, the entire string is Page 39 of 93

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returned. Example: Dim strname Strname = QTP VB Script Msgbox Right (Strname,6) Return value = Script Len: Returns the number of characters in a string Syntax: Len (string | varname)

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Arguments Any valid string expression. If string contains Null, Null is returned string varname Example: Dim Strname Strname = Quality thought Msgbox Len (Strname) Return value = 15 LTrim: Removes spaces on the left side of a string Syntax: LTrim (String) Arguments String The string is any valid string expression. If string contains Null, Null is returned. Example: Dim Strname Strname = Quality Msgbox LTrim (Strname) Return value = Quality RTrim: Removes spaces on the right side of a string Syntax: RTrim (String) Arguments String The string is any valid string expression. If string contains Null, Null is returned. Example: Dim Strname Strname = Quality Msgbox RTrim (Strname) Return value = Quality Trim: Removes spaces on both the left and the right side of a string Syntax: Trim(String) Arguments String The string is any valid string expression. If string contains Null, Null is returned. Any valid variable name. If varname contains Null, Null is returned

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Example: Dim Strname Strname = Quality thought Msgbox Trim (Strname) Return value = Quality thought Mid: Returns a specified number of characters from a string Syntax: Mid(string, start[, length])

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Arguments String expression from which characters are returned. If string contains Null, Null is returned. string Character position in string at which the part to be taken begins. If start is greater than the start number of characters in string, Mid returns a zero-length string (""). length Number of characters to return. If omitted or if there are fewer than length characters in the text (including the character at start), all characters from the start position to the end of the string are returned. Example: 1) Dim Strname Strname = Quality thought QTP Class In the Above String I want to retrieve only QTP Msgbox Mid(Strname,17,3) Return value = QTP 2) Dim Strname Strname = Automation Class In the Above String I want to retrieve only mation Msgbox Mid(Strname,5,6) Return value = mation Replace: Returns a string in which a specified substring has been replaced with another substring a specified number of times. Syntax: Replace (expression, find, replacewith [, start [, count [, compare]]]) Arguments expression find replacewith start count compare

Required. String expression containing substring to replace. Required. Substring being searched for Required. Replacement substring. Optional. Position within expression where substring search is to begin. If omitted, 1 is assumed. Must be used in conjunction with count Optional. Number of substring substitutions to perform. If omitted, the default value is 1, which means make all possible substitutions. Must be used in conjunction with start. Optional. Numeric value indicating the kind of comparison to use when evaluating substrings. See Settings section for values. If omitted, the default value is 0, which means perform a binary comparison.

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Strname = Automation Mercury Tool Msgbox Replace (Strname, Mercury , HP) Return value = Automation HP Tool Note: Default comparison is Binary Comparison 2) Dim Strname Strname = Automation Mercury Tool Msgbox Replace (Strname, mercury , HP) Return value = Automation Mercury Tool Note: Default comparison is Binary Comparison 3) Dim Strname Strname = Automation Mercury Tool Msgbox Replace (Strname, mercury , HP,1,1,1) Return value = Automation HP Tool Note: A textual comparison starting at position 1. 4) Dim Strname Strname = Automation Mercury Tool Msgbox Replace (Strname, Mercury , HP,5,3) Return value = mation HP Tool Note: A Binary Comparison starting at position 5 Space: Returns a string that consists of a specified number of spaces Syntax: Space (number) Argument number The number argument is the number of spaces you want in the string Example: Msgbox Quality&space (4) & Thought Return value = Quality Thought Note: Here the above Example Returns the String with 4 spaces StrComp: Compares two strings and returns a value that represents the result of the comparison Syntax: StrComp (string1, string2 [, compare]) Arguments string1 Required. Any valid string expression. string2 Required. Any valid string expression. Compare Optional. Numeric value indicating the kind of comparison to use when evaluating strings. If omitted, a binary comparison is performed. See Settings section for values. Settings The compare argument can have the following values: Constant vbBinaryCompare vbTextCompare 0 1 Value Description Perform a binary comparison. Perform a textual comparison.

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Return Values The StrComp function has the following return values: If string1 is less than string2 string1 is equal to string2 string1 is greater than string2 string1 or string2 is Null -1 0 1 Null

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StrComp returns

Example: 1) Dim Str1,Str2 Str1 = "Automation" Str2 = "automation" Msgbox Strcomp (Str1, Str2) Return value = -1 Note: Comparison is Binary by Default 2) Dim Str1,Str2 Str1 = "Automation" Str2 = "automation" Msgbox Strcomp (Str1, Str2,1) Return value = 0 3) Dim Str1,Str2 Str1 = "automation" Str2 = "Automation" Msgbox Strcomp (Str1, Str2,0) Return value = 1 String: Returns a string that contains a repeating character of a specified length Syntax: String(number, character) Arguments:

number character

Length of the returned string. If number contains Null, Null is returned. Character code specifying the character or string expression whose first character is used to build the return string. If character contains Null, Null is returned

Example: Msgbox String (5, Automation) Return value = AAAAA StrReverse: Returns a string in which the character order of a specified string is reversed. Syntax: StrReverse (string1) Argument: The string1 argument is the string whose characters are to be reversed. If string1 is a zeroString1 length string (""), a zero-length string is returned. If string1 is Null, an error occurs. Example: Dim String1 Page 43 of 93

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String1 = Automation Msgbox StrReverse (String1) Return value = noitamotuA Array Functions

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Array: Returns a variant containing an array Syntax: Array (arglist) Arglist The required arglist argument is a comma-delimited list of values that are assigned to the elements of an array contained with the Variant. If no arguments are specified, an array of zero length is created. Example: 1) Dim A A = Array (10, 20, 30) B = A (2) ' B is now 30 Redim A (4) A (4) = QTP Class Msgbox A (4) Return value = QTP Class 2) 'Single dimensional Array with five elements Dim Num(3) Num(0)=10 Num(1)=20 Num(2)=30 Msgbox Num (0) 'Output 10 Msgbox Num (1) 'Output 20 Msgbox Num (2) 'Output 30 3) 'multidimensional array Dim DNum (3, 2) DNum (0, 0) =10 DNum (0, 1) =20 DNum (1, 0) =30 DNum (1, 1) =40 DNum (2, 0) =50 DNum (2, 1) =60 Msgbox DNum (0, 0) 'Output 10 Msgbox DNum (0, 1) 'Output 20 Msgbox DNum (1, 0) 'Output 30 Msgbox DNum (1, 1) 'Output 40 Msgbox DNum (2, 0) 'Output 50 Msgbox DNum (2, 1) 'Output -->60

Filter: Returns a zero-based array containing a subset of a string array based on a specified filter criteria. Syntax: Filter (InputStrings, Value [, Include [, Compare]])

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Arguments InputStrings Value Include

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Compare

Required. One-dimensional array of strings to be searched. Required. String to search for. Optional. Boolean value indicating whether to return substrings that include or exclude Value. If Include is True, Filter returns the subset of the array that contains Value as a substring. If Include is False, Filter returns the subset of the array that does not contain Value as a substring. Optional. Numeric value indicating the kind of string comparison to use. See Settings section for values.

Example: Dim MyArray (3) MyArray (0) = "Sunday" MyArray (1) = "Monday" MyArray (2) = "Tuesday" MyIndex = Filter (MyArray, "Mon") Msgbox MyIndex (0) Return value = "Monday" IsArray Function: IsArray: Returns a Boolean value indicating whether a variable is an array. Syntax: IsArray (varname) Varname The varname argument can be any variable. Example: Dim MyArray (3) MyArray (0) = "Sunday" MyArray (1) = "Monday" MyArray (2) = "Tuesday" MyVariable = IsArray(MyArray) Return value = True Split Function: Returns a zero-based, one-dimensional array containing a specified number of substrings. Syntax: Split (expression[, delimiter[, count[, compare]]]) Arguments expression

delimiter

Required. String expression containing substrings and delimiters. If expression is a zero-length string, Split returns an empty array, that is, an array with no elements and no data. Optional. String character used to identify substring limits. If omitted, the space character (" ") is assumed to be the delimiter. If delimiter is a zero-length string, a single-element array containing the entire expression string is returned. Page 45 of 93

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count compare

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Optional. Number of substrings to be returned; -1 indicates that all substrings are returned. Optional. Numeric value indicating the kind of comparison to use when evaluating substrings. See Settings section for values.

Example: 1) Dim Strname,Str Strname = QualityXthxoughtxtechxnoXlogixes Str = Split(Strname,x) Msgbox Str(0) Output QualityXth Msgbox Str(1) Output ought -------Msgbox Str(4) Output es Note: The above example the Comparison is Binary by default 2) Dim Strname,Str Strname = QualityXthxoughtxtechxnoXlogixes Str = Split(Strname,x,-1,1) Msgbox Str(0) Output Quality Msgbox Str(1) Output th --------------Msgbox Str(6) Outputes Join: Returns a string that consists of a number of substrings in an array Syntax: Join (list [, delimiter]) Arguments: list delimiter Required. One-dimensional array containing substrings to be joined. Optional. String character used to separate the substrings in the returned string. If omitted, the space character (" ") is used. If delimiter is a zero-length string, all items in the list are concatenated with no delimiters.

Example: Dim MyArray (3) MyArray (0) = "Welcome " MyArray (1) = "to " MyArray (2) = "QTP " MyArray (3) = "Class" MyString = Join (MyArray) Msgbox MyString LBound: Returns the smallest subscript for the indicated dimension of an array Syntax: LBound (arrayname [, dimension]) Arguments: arrayname: Name of the array variable; follows standard variable naming conventions. dimension: Whole number indicating which dimension's lower bound is returned. Use 1 for the first dimension, 2 for the second, and so on. If dimension is omitted, 1 is Page 46 of 93

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assumed. Example: 1) Dim LArr LArr = Array (10, 20, 30) Msgbox Lbound (LArr, 1) 2) ''multidimensional array Dim Lmarr(3,2) Msgbox LBound (Lmarr, 2)

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'Output 0 'Output 0

UBound: Returns the largest subscript for the indicated dimension of an array Syntax: UBound (arrayname [, dimension]) Arguments: arrayname: (Required) Name of the array variable; follows standard variable naming conventions. (Optional) Whole number indicating which dimension's upper bound is returned. Use 1 dimension: for the first dimension, 2 for the second, and so on. If dimension is omitted, 1 is assumed. Example:

1) Dim UArr
UArr = Array (10, 20, 30) Msgbox Ubound (UArr, 1) 2) ''multidimensional array Dim Umarr (3, 2, 4) Msgbox UBound (Umarr, 1) Msgbox UBound (Umarr, 2) Msgbox UBound (Umarr, 3) Date/Time Functions Date: Returns the current system date Syntax: Date Example: Msgbox Date It displays the current system date IsDate: Returns a Boolean value that indicates if the evaluated expression can be converted to a date Syntax: Page 47 of 93 'Output 2 'Output 3 'Output 2 'Output 4

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IsDate(expression) Exapression The expression argument can be any date expression or string expression recognizable as a date or time Example: Dim MyDate, YourDate, NoDate, MyCheck MyDate = "October 19, 1962" YourDate = #10/19/62# NoDate = "Hello" MyCheck = IsDate (MyDate) Returns True. MyCheck = IsDate (YourDate) Returns True. MyCheck = IsDate (NoDate) Returns False. Time: Returns a Variant of subtype Date indicating the current system time. Syntax: Time Example: Msgbox Time It displays the current system time. DateAdd: Returns a date to which a specified time interval has been added. Syntax: DateAdd (interval, number, date) Arguments: (Required) String expression that is the interval you want to add. See Settings section for values. Number (Required) Numeric expression that is the number of interval you want to add. The numeric expression can either be positive, for dates in the future, or negative, for dates in the past. Interval Date Settings The interval argument can have the following values: Setting yyyy q m y d w ww h n s Description Year Quarter Month Day of year Day Weekday Week of year Hour Minute Second (Required) Variant or literal representing the date to which interval is added.

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Example: NewDate = DateAdd("m", 1, "31-Dec-12") msgbox NewDate Return Value = 1/31/2013 DateDiff: Returns the number of intervals between two dates Syntax: DateDiff (interval, date1, date2 [, firstdayofweek [, firstweekofyear]]) Arguments:

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(Required) String expression that is the interval you want to use to calculate the differences between date1 and date2. (Required) Date expressions. Two dates you want to use in the date1, date2 calculation. Firstdayofweek (Optional) Constant that specifies the day of the week. If not specified, Sunday is assumed. Firstweekofyear (Optional) Constant that specifies the first week of the year. If not specified, the first week is assumed to be the week in which January 1 occurs. Interval Example: Diffdate = Datediff ("y","15-aug-10","15-aug-12") Msgbox Diffdate Return Value = 731 DatePart: Returns the specified part of a given date. Syntax: DatePart (interval, date [, firstdayofweek [, firstweekofyear]]) Arguments: (Required) String expression that is the interval of time you want to return. (Required) Date expression you want to evaluate. Date firstdayof week (Optional) Constant that specifies the day of the week. If not specified, Sunday is assumed. Firstweekofyear (Optional) Constant that specifies the first week of the year. If not specified, the first week is assumed to be the week in which January 1 occurs. Interval Example: GetQuarter = DatePart ("q", Date) Msgbox GetQuarter Day: Returns a whole number between 1 and 31, inclusive, representing the day of the month. Syntax: Day (date) Date expression represent a date. If date contains Null, Null is returned. Page 49 of 93

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Example: MyDay = Day("Aug 15, 2010") Msgbox MyDay Return value = 15 MyDay2 =Day ("15/8/2010") Msgbox MyDay2 Return value = 15 Month: Returns a whole number between 1 and 12, inclusive, representing the month of the year. Syntax: Month (date) Date Expressions represent a date. If date contains Null, Null is returned.

Example: Msgbox Month ("8-15-2010") Return value = 8 Msgbox Month ("15/8/2010") Return value = 8 Msgbox Month ("August 15, 2010") Return value = 8 MonthName: Returns a string indicating the specified month. Syntax: MonthName (month [, abbreviate]) Arguments: (Required) The numeric designation of the month. For example, January is 1, February is 2, and so on. Abbreviate (Optional) Boolean value that indicates if the month name is to be abbreviated. If omitted, the default is False, which means that the month name is not abbreviated. Month

Example: Msgbox MonthName (11, true) Return value = Nov Msgbox MonthName (8, false) Return value = August Msgbox MonthName (9) Return value = September Weekday: Returns a whole number representing the day of the week. Syntax: Weekday (date, [firstdayofweek]) Arguments: Page 50 of 93

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Any expression that can represent a date. If date contains Null, Null is returned. Firstdayofweek A constant that specifies the first day of the week. If omitted, vbSunday is assumed. Date Example: s Msgbox Weekday("August 15, 2013") Return value = 5 WeekdayName: Returns a string indicating the specified day of the week. Syntax: WeekdayName (weekday, abbreviate, firstdayofweek) Arguments:

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(Required) The numeric designation for the day of the week. Numeric value of each day depends on setting of the firstdayofweek setting. (Optional) Boolean value that indicates if the weekday name is to be abbreviate: abbreviated. If omitted, the default is False, which means that the weekday name is not abbreviated. firstdayofweek: (Optional) Numeric value indicating the first day of the week. weekday: Example: Msgbox WeekdayName (5) Return value = Thursday Year: Returns a whole number representing the year. Syntax: Year (date) Arguments: date: Any expression that can represent a date. If date contains Null, Null is returned. Example: Msgbox Year("15-08-2010") Rtuen value = 2010 Msgbox Year("15/8/2010") Return value =2010 Msgbox Year("November 01, 2010") Return value = 2010 Hour: Returns a whole number between 0 and 23, inclusive, representing the hour of the day. Syntax: Hour (time) Arguments: Page 51 of 93

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Time is any expression that can represent a time. If time contains Null, Null is returned. Example: Msgbox Hour(Now) Displays the current system hour Minute: Returns a whole number between 0 and 59, inclusive, representing the minute of the hour. Syntax: Minute (time) Arguments: time: is any expression that can represent a time. If time contains Null, Null is returned.

Example: Msgbox Minute(Now) Displays the current system minute. Second: Returns a whole number between 0 and 59, inclusive, representing the second of the minute. Syntax: Second (time) Arguments: Time is any expression that can represent a time. If time contains Null, Null is returned. Example: Msgbox Second (Now) Displays the current system second. Now: Returns the current date and time according to the setting of your computer's system date and time. Syntax: Now Example: Msgbox Now Displays the current system date & time. TimeSerial: Returns a Variant of subtype Date containing the time for a specific hour, minute, and second. Syntax: TimeSerial (hour, minute, second) Arguments: Hour Number between 0 (12:00 A.M.) and 23 (11:00 P.M.), inclusive, or Page 52 of 93

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a numeric expression. Minute Any numeric expression. Second Any numeric expression. Example: Msgbox Timeserial (12,12,12) Return value =12:12:12 PM TimeValue: Returns a Variant of subtype Date containing the time. Syntax: TimeValue(time) Arguments:

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Time is usually a string expression representing a time from 0:00:00 (12:00:00 A.M.) to 23:59:59 (11:59:59 P.M.), inclusive. However, time can also be any expression that represents a time in that range. If time contains Null, Null is returned. Example: Msgbox TimeValue("12:30:00") Return value =12:30:00 PM Other Functions CreateObject: Creates an object of a specified type OR Creates and returns a reference to an Automation object Syntax: CreateObject (servername.typename [, location]) Arguments: servername Required. The name of the application providing the object. typename location Required. The type or class of the object to create. Optional. The name of the network server where the object is to be created.

Example: 1) To create the Excel Application Set xlobj = CreateObject (Excel.Application) 2) To Create the Data base Connection Object Set DbConn = CreateObject(Adodb.Connection) 3) To Create to Hold the Records in database Tables Set Rs = CreateObject(Adodb.Recordset) 4) To Create the File System Object Set fso = CreateObject (Scripting.FileSystemObject) 5) To Create Automation Object Model Set aom = CrateObject (QuickTest.Application) Eval: Evaluates an expression and returns the result Syntax: Page 53 of 93

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result = ]Eval(expression) Arguments: result

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Optional. Variable to which return value assignment is made. If result is not specified, consider using the Execute statement instead.

Expression Required. String containing any legal VBScript expression Example: Dim Var Var = InputBox (Enter the var Type) Select Case Eval(TypeName(Var)) Case "Integer" : MsgBox "Integer" Case "Dictionary" : MsgBox "Dictionary" Case "Nothing" : MsgBox "Nothing" Case "String" : MsgBox "String" End Select User-defined functions

Functions and Library:

If you have repeatable steps in a test or an action then consider using a user-defined function. Userdefined functions will make your tests look shorter, easier to maintain, read and design. A user-defined function can then be called from within an action. Function: Set of statements grouped together with input parameters and output is predefined. The entity is given name and is invoked by the name. Once the function is defined, Next time onwards, if we need to invoke these set of statements just invoke the name given to it. Function Syntax: Function <function name>(parameterlist) <function name> = returnvalue End Function Library: If the function is written inside automation script that function is available only to the script in which it resides. To make the function available to other automation scripts as well we should transfer the function into library file A Library can be prepared by adding one or more functions to it Question: When can the function be located? Inside library? Inside automation script? Ans: you can write the function either in the automation script (or) In the function library is available only to the automation script in which it is located. Page 54 of 93

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If the function should be shared across multiple automation scripts, then we write the function in the library file Advantages of writing/transferring function to Library All functions of the project will be existing at one place hence easily manageable Function of library are available to all automation scripts The library file can be sent across to any one by email The library file can be read by simple notepad application

Note: QTP file contains too many folders and supporting files in it. Hence each QTP automation script is bulky(not flat file) file and it depends on size limitation of Email server to send the automation script file Create a Library file: Go to File> New > function library First you write a function in the automation script and check it is working fine. Once you are confident on the function copy the function into a text file and save the text file with the library How to access the function of Library file? To access the function of a library follow the steps here under Associate the library file to QTP Open the Script and invoke the function with function name Steps to Associate library to QTP: 1) Go to file > Settings

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2) Go to Settings > Resources > Associated function libraries

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3) Click on Add and select the your library file 4) Click on Set as Default. Set as Default Button will make the library available to all automation scripts that are being developed using QTP in that machine. Different ways to associate the Function library Based on the type of framework you are using, you can use any of the following methods to associate function libraries to your QTP Script 1) 2) 3) 4) By using File > Settings > Resources > Associate Function Library option in QTP. By using Automation Object Model (AOM). By using ExecuteFile method. Using LoadFunctionLibrary method.

In the above methods we already explain 1st method so we can go to the remaining method 2) Using Automation Object Model(AOM) QTP AOM is a mechanism using which you can control various QTP operations from outside QTP. Using QTP Automation Object Model, you can write a code which would open a QTP test and associate a function library to that test. Example: Using the below code, you can open QTP, then open any test case and associate a required function library to that test case. To do so, copy paste the below code in a notepad and save it with a .vbs extension.

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'Open QTP Set objQTP = CreateObject("QuickTest.Application") objQTP.Launch objQTP.Visible = True 'Open a test and associate a function library to the test objQTP.Open "C:\Automation\SampleTest", False, False Set objLib = objQTP.Test.Settings.Resources.Libraries

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'If the library is not already associated with the test case, associate it.. If objLib.Find("C:\SampleFunctionLibrary.vbs") = -1 Then ' If library is not already added objLib.Add "C:\SampleFunctionLibrary.vbs", 1 ' Associate the library to the test case End 3) Using ExecuteFile Method ExecuteFile statement executes all the VBScript statements in a specified file. After the file has been executed, all the functions, subroutines and other elements from the file (function library) are available to the action as global entities. Simply put, once the file is executed, its functions can be used by the action. You can use the below mentioned logic to use ExecuteFile method to associate function libraries to your script. Example: ExecuteFile D:\mylibrary.qfl 4 ) Using LoadFunctionLibrary method LoadFunctionLibrary, a new method introduced in QTP 11 allows you to load a function library when a step runs. You can load multiple function libraries from a single line by using a comma delimiter.

Example: 1) To Associate a single Function library LoadFunctionLibrary D:\mylibrary.vbs 2) To Associate multiple function libraries LoadFunctionLibrary D:\myLibrary1.qfl,D:\Mylibrary2.txt,D:\Mylibrary3.vbs Examples of Functions: **************************************** 1) Write a function that perform arithmetic operations-Addition, Subtraction. Multiplication and division On two variables Function mathoperation (Byref x, Byref y, Byref arithmeticOperation) Dim z If arithmeticOperation = Addition Then z=x+y mathoperation = z End if If arithmeticOperation = Subtraction Then z=x-y Page 57 of 93

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mathoperation = z End if If arithmeticOperation = Division Then z = x/y mathoperation = z End if If arithmeticOperation = Multiplication Then z=x*y mathoperation = z End if End Function returnvalue = mathoperation (20,10, Addition) returnvalue = mathoperation (20,10, Multiplication) ********************************************************************** 2) Write a Function to Launch websites Based on the keywordsYahoo, Google, Gmail, Facebook, Twitter Function openwebsite (keyword) Here By default parameter value is ByRef If keyword = Yahoo then Systemutil.Run iexplore.exe,www.yahoo.com Openwebsite = Yahoo application is launched End if If keyword = Google then Systemutil.Run iexplore.exe,www.google.com Openwebsite = Google application is launched End if If keyword = Gmail then Systemutil.Run iexplore.exe,www.gmail.com Openwebsite = Gmail application is launched End if If keyword = Facebook then Systemutil.Run iexplore.exe,www.facebook.com Openwebsite = Facebook application is launched End if If keyword = Twitter then Systemutil.Run iexplore.exe,www.twitter.com Openwebsite = Twitter application is launched End if End function returnvalue = openwebsite(Yahoo) returnvalue = openwebsite(Facebook) ************************************************************ Regular Expression Regular Expression Introduction You have created a document and saved it to your hard disk. After few days again you want to update that document, but you forgot where you saved. Now you started searching for that document. Do you go to every folder in hard disk to search for it? No. You will just use search window to search the document by using name. Unfortunately you didnt find any document on that name. So what will you do?

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Here exactly the concept of Regular Expression will come in to the picture. A Regular Expression is a string that provides a complex search phrase.

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If you create a word document then you will search for *.doc. Here the * indicates any name which are there in specified disk. As per the definition, * is a regular expression which provides a phrase to match any name of the document. Phrase is an expression consisting of one or more words. I have used above concept to tell you that Regular Expressions are not new to us (Testers). Some how we used it in regular activities but we dont know that these are Regular Expressions. What is Regular Expression? It is a way of representing data using symbols. They are often used within matching, searching or replacing algorithms. Regular Expressions in QTP: Regular expressions can be used in QTP for identifying objects and text strings with varying values. Where we use: 1. Defining the property values of an object in Descriptive programming for handling dynamic objects 2.For parameterizing a step 3. creating checkpoints with varying values Using Regular Expressions in QTP:

Test for a pattern within a string. To check for existence of substring in a string. For example, you can test an input string to see if a telephone number pattern or a credit card number pattern occurs within the string. This is called data validation. Replace text. To find and replace a string with another string. You can use a regular expression to identify specific text in a document and either remove it completely or replace it with other text. Extract a substring from a string based upon a pattern match. To get a string based on pattern match. You want all the words starting with A from a document, In this case you will use regular expression which will create pattern match and will return all words starting with A. We can define a regular expression for a constant value, a Data Table parameter value, an Environment parameter value, or a property value in Descriptive programming. Page 59 of 93

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We can define a regular expression in standard checkpoint to verify the property values of an object; we can set the expected value of an object's property as a regular expression so that an object with a varying value can be verified. We can define the text string as a regular expression, when creating a text checkpoint to check that a varying text string is displayed on our application, For XML checkpoints we can set attribute or element values as regular expressions. Ways of Regular Expressions: a) Backslash Character: A backslash (\) can serve two purposes. It can be used in conjunction with a special character to indicate that the next character be treated as a literal character. Alternatively, if the backslash (\) is used in conjunction with some characters that would otherwise be treated as literal characters, such as the letters n, t, w, or d, the combination indicates a special character. b) Matching Any Single Character: A period (.) instructs QTP to search for any single character (except for \n). Ex: welcome. Matches welcomes, welcomed, or welcome followed by a space or any other single character. c) Matching Any Single Character in a List: Square brackets instruct QTP to search for any single character within a list of characters. Ex: To search for the date 1867, 1868, or 1869, enter: 186[789] d) Matching Any Single Character Not in a List: When a caret (^) is the first character inside square brackets, it instructs QTP to match any character in the list except for the ones specified in the string. Example: [^ab] Matches any character except a or b. e) Matching Any Single Character within a Range: To match a single character within a range, we can use square brackets ([ ]) with the hyphen (-) character. Example: For matching any year in the 2010s, enter: 201[0-9] Page 60 of 93

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f) Matching Zero or More Specific Characters:

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An asterisk (*) instructs QTP to match zero or more occurrences of the preceding character. For example: ca*r Matches car, caaaaaar, and cr g) Matching One or More Specific Characters:

A plus sign (+) instructs QTP to match one or more occurrences of the preceding character. For example: ca+r Matches car and caaaaaar, but not cr. h) Matching Zero or One Specific Character: A question mark (?) instructs QTP to match zero or one occurrences of the preceding character. For example: ca?r Matches car and cr, but nothing else. i) Grouping Regular Expressions: Parentheses (()) instruct QTP to treat the contained sequence as a unit, just as in mathematics and programming languages. Using groups is especially useful for delimiting the argument(s) to an alternation operator ( | ) or a repetition operator ( * , + , ? , { } ). j) Matching One of Several Regular Expressions: A vertical line (|) instructs QTP to match one of a choice of expressions. k) Matching the Beginning of a Line: A caret (^) instructs QTP to match the expression only at the start of a line, or after a newline character. l) Matching the End of a Line: A dollar sign ($) instructs QTP to match the expression only at the end of a line, or before a newline character. m) Matching Any AlphaNumeric Character Including the Underscore: \w instructs QTP to match any alphanumeric character and the underscore (A-Z, a-z, 0-9, _). n) Matching Any Non-AlphaNumeric Character: \W instructs QTP to match any character other than alphanumeric characters and underscores. o) Combining Regular Expression Operators: Page 61 of 93

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We can combine regular expression operators in a single expression to achieve the exact search criteria we need. For example, start.* Matches start, started, starting, starter, and so forth. we can use a combination of brackets and an asterisk to limit the search to a combination of non-numeric characters. For example: [a-zA-Z]* To match any number between 0 and 1200, we need to match numbers with 1 digit, 2 digits, 3 digits, or 4 digits between 1000-1200. The regular expression below matches any number between 0 and 1200. ([0-9]?[0-9]?[0-9]|1[01][0-9][0-9]|1200)

Regular Expressions has 3 properties 1. Global 2. pattern 3. Ingnore case Regular Expressions has 3 methods 1. Execute 2. Test 3. Replace A regular expression is a string that describes or matches a set of strings. It is often called a pattern as it describes set of strings. Regular Expression Characters The below table contains the complete list of regular expression characters and behavior of them. Character \ Description Marks the next character as either a special character or a literal. For example, "n" matches the character "n". "\n" matches a newline character. The sequence "\\" matches "\" and "\(" matches "(". Matches the beginning of input. Matches the end of input. Matches the preceding character zero or more times. For example, "zo*" matches either "z" or "zoo". Page 62 of 93

^ $ *

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+ ? . (pattern)

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x|y {n}

{n,}

{n,m}

[xyz] [^xyz] [a-z]

[^m-z]

\b

\B \d \D \f \n \r \s \S \t \v \w \W \num

Matches the preceding character one or more times. For example, "zo+" matches "zoo" but not "z". Matches the preceding character zero or one time. For example, "a?ve?" matches the "ve" in "never". Matches any single character except a newline character. Matches pattern and remembers the match. The matched substring can be retrieved from the resulting Matches collection, using Item [0]...[n]. To match parentheses characters ( ), use "\(" or "\)". Matches either x or y. For example, "z|wood" matches "z" or "wood". "(z|w)oo" matches "zoo" or "wood". n is a nonnegative integer. Matches exactly n times. For example, "o{2}" does not match the "o" in "Bob," but matches the first two o's in "foooood". n is a nonnegative integer. Matches at least n times. For example, "o{2,}" does not match the "o" in "Bob" and matches all the o's in "foooood." "o{1,}" is equivalent to "o+". "o{0,}" is equivalent to "o*". m and n are nonnegative integers. Matches at least n and at most m times. For example, "o{1,3}" matches the first three o's in "fooooood." "o{0,1}" is equivalent to "o?". A character set. Matches any one of the enclosed characters. For example, "[abc]" matches the "a" in "plain". A negative character set. Matches any character not enclosed. For example, "[^abc]" matches the "p" in "plain". A range of characters. Matches any character in the specified range. For example, "[a-z]" matches any lowercase alphabetic character in the range "a" through "z". A negative range characters. Matches any character not in the specified range. For example, "[m-z]" matches any character not in the range "m" through "z". Matches a word boundary, that is, the position between a word and a space. For example, "er\b" matches the "er" in "never" but not the "er" in "verb". Matches a non-word boundary. "ea*r\B" matches the "ear" in "never early". Matches a digit character. Equivalent to [0-9]. Matches a non-digit character. Equivalent to [^0-9]. Matches a form-feed character. Matches a newline character. Matches a carriage return character. Matches any white space including space, tab, form-feed, etc. Equivalent to "[ \f\n\r\t\v]". Matches any nonwhite space character. Equivalent to "[^ \f\n\r\t\v]". Matches a tab character. Matches a vertical tab character. Matches any word character including underscore. Equivalent to "[A-Zaz0-9_]". Matches any non-word character. Equivalent to "[^A-Za-z0-9_]". Matches num, where num is a positive integer. A reference back to remembered matches. For example, "(.)\1" matches two consecutive identical characters. Page 63 of 93

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\n

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Matches n, where n is an octal escape value. Octal escape values must be 1, 2, or 3 digits long. For example, "\11" and "\011" both match a tab character. "\0011" is the equivalent of "\001" & "1". Octal escape values must not exceed 256. If they do, only the first two digits comprise the expression. Allows ASCII codes to be used in regular expressions. Matches n, where n is a hexadecimal escape value. Hexadecimal escape values must be exactly two digits long. For example, "\x41" matches "A". "\x041" is equivalent to "\x04" & "1". Allows ASCII codes to be used in regular expressions.

\xn

We can extend a regular expression by combining or grouping multiple regular expression operators. In this case we should follow the order of precedence. Order of Precedence Regular expressions are interpreted from left to right. The order of precedence when building a Regular Expressions is Order Operator(s) 1 \ 2 (), (?:), (?=), [] 3 *, +, ?, {n}, {n,}, {n,m} 4 ^, $, \anymetacharacter 5 | Escape (\) Description Escape Parentheses and Brackets Quantifiers Anchors and Sequences Alternation

There are so many special characters in regular expressions. I have to verify 2*2=4 is available in the main text. For that I have to specify regular expression pattern as 2*2=4. But * will work like a regular expression and the verification will get fail. In this case the * should be considered as a literal character instead regular expression. Back Slash (\) character is useful to treat a special character as a literal character. Provide the Back Slash (\) character in precede of special characters which you want to treat as literal character. In the above situation we should use 2\*2=4 in the pattern. List of Special Characters in Regular Expressions $ , ( , ) , * , + , . , [ , ] , ? , \ , ^ , { , |

Parentheses ( () ) Parentheses used to group the matches. Brackets ([])

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You can create a list of matching characters by placing one or more individual characters within square brackets ([]). When characters are enclosed in brackets, the list is called a bracket expression. Within brackets, as anywhere else, ordinary characters represent themselves, that is, they match an occurrence of themselves in the input text. Most special characters lose their meaning when they occur inside a bracket expression. Parentheses and Brackets will be explained detailed in Alternation. Quantifiers Quantifiers are used to specify the number of occurrences to match against or when we dont have the quantity of the characters are there to match. Ex: If we need to match a word Zoooo then we should write regular expression like Zo{4}. 4 indicate the number of os in the word Zoooo. Suppose we dont know how many times o exist in the word, but we expect at least two os should available in the word. Then the regular expression will be like this Zo{2,} Here {2,} tells that at least two times the character should exist. List of Quantifiers *, + , ? , {n} , {n,} , {n,m} Anchors Anchors do not match any characters. They match a position. These are used to specify which part of the string should be matched. The part is either beginning or end of a line or word. Ex: If we are verifying the word QTP is starting with Q or not then we use regular expression like ^Q. Here carot (^) is not matching the character Q but it is matching the position of Q. Thats what Anchors do. List of Anchors ^ , $ , \b , \B Alternation ( | ) Alternation allows us to use a choice between two or more matches. It can be used to match a single regular expression out of several possible regular expressions. Ex: The below Regular Expression is to match a Date. Page 65 of 93

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Format: MM/DD/YYYY MM: (0[1-9]|1[0-2]) Min month number is 1 and Max Month number is 12 DD: (0[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-9]|3[0-1]) Min Date number is 1 and Max Month number is 31 YYYY: ([0-9][0-9][0-9][1-9]|[1-9]000|[1-9][1-9]00|[1-9][1-9][1-9]0) Min Year number is 1 and Max Year number is 9999 (Assume)

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In the above regular expression we have used Parentheses, Brackets and Alternation. Brackets used to match values between the specified ranges. 0[1-9] means, this expression should match numbers from01 to 09. Alternation used to match a single regular expression from the specified regular expression matches. 0[19]|1[0-2]means, use any one of the regular expression to match. Parentheses used to group all regular expression matches. (0[1-9]|1[0-2]) means, use any one of the regular expression to match from this Group.

Scripting Regular Expressions From VBScript 5.0 Microsoft provided facility to use Regular Expressions in Scripting Techniques. By using this we can write scripts to Test for a pattern within a string, to replace text and to extract a substring from a string based upon a pattern match. Using Regular Expressions in Scripting Techniques 'To use Regular Expressions in scripting first we should create Instance of Regular Expression Class. Set SampleRegExP = New RegExp 'Set the Search Pattern (Regular Expression) SampleRegExP.Pattern= H.* 'Specify the Case Sensitivity is true or false SampleRegExP.IgnoreCase= False 'Specify required search results (True is for all search Results, False is for only one) SampleRegExP.Global=True 'Execute Search conditions on a main string Page 66 of 93

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Set Matches = SampleRegExP.Execute(Hi How Are You) 'Get the results by using a For Loop For Each Match in Matches Msgbox Match.FirstIndex Msgbox Match.Value Next 'Script to extract a substring from a string based upon a pattern match. '************************************************ rExpression="H." MainString="Hi How Are You" Set SampleRegExP = New RegExp SampleRegExP.Pattern= rExpression SampleRegExP.IgnoreCase= False SampleRegExP.Global=True Set Matches = SampleRegExP.Execute(MainString) For Each Match in Matches Msgbox Match.FirstIndex Msgbox Match.Value Next '************************************************ '************************************************ 'Script to Replace string '************************************************ rExpression="H." MainString="Hi How Are You" ReplacedString= "Hello" Set SampleRegExP = New RegExp SampleRegExP.Pattern= rExpression SampleRegExP.IgnoreCase= False SampleRegExP.Global=True Msgbox SampleRegExP.Replace (MainString,ReplacedString) '************************************************ 'Script to Test a string existence rExpression="H." MainString="Hi How Are You"

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Set SampleRegExP = New RegExp SampleRegExP.Pattern= rExpression SampleRegExP.IgnoreCase= False SampleRegExP.Global=True retVal = SampleRegExP.Test(MainString) If retVal Then Msgbox "One or more matches were found." Else Msgbox "No match was found." End If '************************************************ Error Handling in QTP

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Error handling refers to the anticipation, detection, and resolution of programming, application, and communications errors. Within every Script we have to think about possible exceptions and how to handle them. Especially in the uppermost layers of the script, it is important to handle all exceptions. In QTP you have handled the Error Exceptions in the following ways 1) 2) 3) 4) In QTP Run Settings In VbScript (On Error statements) Recovery Scenarios Through conditional coding in Test Script

1) In QTP Run Settings Goto File > Settings > Run > when errors occurring during run session Choose one option in the drop down when error occurring during run session. It will use to prevent Errors during run session

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2) In VbScript (On Error Statements) On Error Statements 1. On Error Resume Next 2. On Error Go to 0 3. Error Object On Error Resume Next: On Error Resume Next statement enables the Error handling in the code.If there is error in the code "On error Resume Next" ignores it and continue with next line of code. Note: With On Error Resume Next error is not corrected, just ignored, and an error message is not displayed On Error Go to 0: On error got to 0 statement disables error handling we have previiously enabled it by using On Error resume Next. Error Object Whenever there is a run-time error in the program, the properties of an Err object are filled with the information that helps to identify and handle the error. After an On Error Resume Next statement the Err object's properties are reset to zero or zerolength strings (""). Because the Err object is an intrinsic (basic / its part of every vbscript project you create) object with global scope there is no need to create an instance of it in your code. That is it does not need to be declared before it can be used.

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Properties Description Number HelpFile HelpContext Source Purpose Contains a string describing the error.

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Contains the Error number. It is the default Property, means Err.Number is same as Err Contains path to the help file Its a Context ID within the helpfile. The HelpContext property is used to automatically display the Help topic identified Contains a string expression that is usually the class name or programmatic ID of the object that caused the error.

LastDLLError Contains last error code generated by DLL;Available only on 32 bit windows systems. Methods Purpose Clear Clears all property settings of the Err object. [VBScript calls the Clear method automatically whenever any of the following statements is executed: On Error Resume Next Exit Sub Exit Function ] Raise Forces a run-time error of a given number to be generated. Example: On error resume next 'divide by zero z=40/0 ' Report the error occured. You can see the error number and description in result summary If Err.number <> 0 then Reporter.ReportEvent micWarning,"Error Occured","Error number is " & err.number & " and description is : " & err.description Clear the error err.Clear 'disables error handling on error goto 0 3) Recovery Scenario Recovery Scenario: When executing scripts we may get some Unexpected errors.To recover the test and continue running script from these unexpected errors we use Recovery Scenarios. A recovery scenario consists of the following: Trigger Event: The event that interrupts your run session. For example a window that may pop up on screen. Recovery Operations: Page 70 of 93

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The operations to perform to enable QTP to continue running the test after the trigger event interrupts the run session. For example, clicking an OK button in a pop-up window. Post-Recovery Test Run Option: The instructions on how QTP should proceed after the recovery operations have been performed, and from which point in the test QTP should continue. For example, you may want to restart a test from the beginning, or skip a step entirely and continue with the next step in the test. Recovery scenarios are saved in recovery scenario files having the extension .qrs. A recovery scenario file is a logical collection of recovery scenarios, grouped according to our specific requirements. Trigger Event: Trigger Event can handle following four events: 1. Pop-up window: To handle unwanted pop ups. 2. Object state: To handle object related errors at runtime. 3. Test run error: To handle vb script statement errors at runtime. 4. Application crash: To handle crashed applications at runtime.

Recovery Operations for Pop-up window: Steps to navigate to handle the un wanted Pop-up window Trigger Event: 1) Go to > Resources Menu 2) Select the > Recovery Scenario manger 3) Select the New Scenario button 4) Select the Next button in Recovery Scenario manager window

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5) Trigger event window will appearing

6) Select any one Event in the trigger event window and after selecting click on the Next Button 7) If you select unwanted Pop-up window as paint the Pop-Up window conditions page will be appearing 8) Select the hand i-con it will use to capture the title and text values of the popup window like the following picture

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Recovery Operation: 1) After trigger Event operation Recovery Operations window will be appearing

2) Here you must define at least one operation for this pop-up. So press the Next button to define it. After that Recovery Operation window will appear

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4) Here you have 4 operations for suppose you select the Keyboard or mouse operation you must have select the Click Button or Press key Recovery operation

5) After Uncheck the Add another recovery operation in the Recovery Operations window

Post Recovery Test Run Option Steps: 1. After Recovery operation Post Recovery Test Run option will appear

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2. Post Recovery Operations are: a) Repeat current step and continue b) Proceed to next step c) Proceed to next action or component iteration d) Proceed to next test iteration e) Restart current test run f) Stop the test run 3. Select Post Recovery Operation and click the Next button 4. Name and Description window will appear. Mention the Scenario Name

5. Click the Next button finish window will appear

6. Select the any one check box Add scenario to current test or Add scenario to default test settings and clik the finish button 7. Save the Recovery Scenario file with extension of .qrs Recovery operation for Object state Trigger event: 1) Goto > Resources Menu > Recovery Scenario Manager > New > Next Page 75 of 93

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2) Trigger Event window will appear . Select Object state as Trigger event and click on Next button

3) Select Object window will appear. Click the Hand icon and Select the object.Click the Next button. Here object hierarchy window displays the object hierarchy.

4) Select Object property with value and click on Next button

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Recovery operation:

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Recovery Operation >Select the Recovery operation (key board or mouse, close application process, Function call, Restart Microsoft window) > Uncheck Add another Recovery Operation -> Next Post-Recovery operation: Post-Recovery Test Run Option (Repeat current step and continue, Proceed to Next step, Proceed to Next Action, Proceed to next test iteration, Restart current test run, Stop the Test Run) > Next > Enter Scenario Name > Next > Select Option Finish > Save the scenario with .qrs. Recovery Operation for Test run error: Trigger Event: 1) Goto > Resources Menu > Recovery Scenario Manager > New > Next 2) Trigger Event window will appear. Select Test run error as Trigger event and click on Next

3) Select the Error in Select Test Run error window. Here Error description displays the selected error object description

4) After selecting the error > Click on Next button

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Recovery Operation:

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Recovery Operation >Select the Recovery operation (key board or mouse, close application process, Function call, Restart Microsoft window) > Uncheck Add another Recovery Operation -> Next Post-Recovery operation: Post-Recovery Test Run Option (Repeat current step and continue, Proceed to Next step, Proceed to Next Action, Proceed to next test iteration, Restart current test run, Stop the Test Run) > Next > Enter Scenario Name > Next > Select Option Finish > Save the scenario with .qrs. Recovery Operations for Application crash Trigger event: 1) Goto > Resources Menu > Recovery Scenario Manager > New > Next 2) Trigger Event window will appear. Select Application crash as Trigger event and click on Next

3) Select the Running processes list in Select processes and click Add button or Click the + button to enter a processes name and click next button

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Recovery Operation:

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Recovery Operation >Select the Recovery operation (key board or mouse, close application process, Function call, Restart Microsoft window) > Uncheck Add another Recovery Operation -> Next Post-Recovery operation: Post-Recovery Test Run Option (Repeat current step and continue, Proceed to Next step, Proceed to Next Action, Proceed to next test iteration, Restart current test run, Stop the Test Run) > Next > Enter Scenario Name > Next > Select Option Finish > Save the scenario with .qrs. 4) Through Conditional statements: When error occurred, Report in detail. When working with GUI objects Use Exist statement It returns the Boolean value so you handle through the Conditional statements Like IfThenElse.End if and Select case itemcase1case else.End Select Example: Val = Browser(Google).Page(Google).webedit(q).Exist If Val = True Then Browser(Google).Page(Google).Webedit(q).set quality thought Else Reporter.reportevent micfail, Verifing the WebEdit object appearing, The WedEdit object is not appearing in the web application End if Desc$ 44riptive Programming: Descriptive programming is meant for dealing with large group of objects that matches the selection criteriaCCC. Entering Objects Information directly into the test script is called descriptive programming.In DP, we will be "manually" specifying the properties and values by which the relevant object will be identified. This way QTP wont search for the properties data in the Object Repository, but will take it from the DP statement. Object Spy is used to get the properties and their values to uniquely identify the objects in the application. If we know such properties and their unique values that can identify the required object without ambiguity, we need not use Object Spy. Two ways of descriptive programming: 1) Static Programming: We provide the set of properties and values that describe the object directly in a VBScript statement.

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2) Dynamic Programming : We add a collection of properties and values to a Description CCobject, and then enter the Description object name in the statement Advantages: a) Descriptive Programming based Test scripts are faster in execution than Repository based Test scripts b) Scripts are portable (we can run these scripts from any machine easily c) Maintenance is easy (less amount of resources) d) We can start Test Execution process even though Application is not ready. e) Descriptive programming is mainly used for web pages like transactional reports of banking application (or) dealing with broken links of web page where the automation script have to perform user action/verification based on matching criteria Which Objects Should be considered for descriptive programming? It is not good idea to consider a stable object for descriptive programming. It is better to use Object Repository for stable objects For the Objects in large group and we need to pick them based on matching criteria. Then go for Descriptive programming When to use Descriptive Programming? Following are some of the Scenarios where Descriptive programming is used: Scenario #1: Suppose we need to start Automation before Build Release. OR:- There is no application to create Object Repository. Scenario #2: If the Application under test is having Dynamic Objects. OR:- Difficult to handle Dynamic Objects using Object Repository. Scenario #3: When the application under Test is having objects that are adding in the Run Time. OR:- We cant add objects to Object Repository in run time.

Scenario #4: If Application under test is having similar type of objects or similar name objects. OR:- Object Repository will create multiple objects with same description unnecessarily. Scenario #5: When Application under test have more objects to perform operations. OR:- The performance will decrease if object repository is having huge number of objects. Static Programming: In this style of script generation, we provide objects information directly into the Script Example1: Systemutil.Run "iexplore.exe","www.gmail.com" Browser("name:=Gmail: Email from Google").Page("title:=Gmail: Email from Google").WebEdit("name:=Email").Set "qualitythought" Browser("name:=Gmail: Email from Google").Page("title:=Gmail: Email from Google").WebEdit("name:=Passwd").Set "123456" Browser("name:=Gmail: Email from Google").Page("title:=Gmail: Email from Google").WebButton("name:=Sign in").Click

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Note: If we feel one property information is not sufficient for recognizing the object uniquely, and then we can provide more properties information by separating with commas. Example2: Using Regular Expression in Static DP Browser("title:=Compare term.*").Page("title:=Compare term.*").WebList("name:=SI").Highlight Browser("title:=Compare term.*").Page("title:=Compare term.*").WebList("name:=SI").Select "10 Lacs"

Dynamic Descriptive Programming: Creating Description Objects, Generating Statements using Description Objects is called Dynamic descriptive Programming Description Object: In the Descriptive programming these are two steps to be followed for each of the object you want to automate Step1: Create a Object description using description object and then add all identification properties to the Description object Step2: Create Object reference using object Description. Once you get the reference of the object, you can perform user action (or) verification on it Just like the way you do using Object Repository Script Note: Description is implicit object in QTP which can be used to store the identification properties of Object and Create a description for an object Synt ax: For Creating a description of an UI Object Dim objDesc Set objDesc = Description.Create() This statement will create an empty container to store object unique properties objDesc(property name1).Value = Actual property value(Use object spy) objDesc(property name2).Value = Actual property value Add as many identification properties as need to this object Note: While Creating description object, use the keyword Set Web Object and Corresponding properties for Creating description Object Object Properties Page 81 of 93

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WebEdit WebList WebRadioGroup WebCheckbox Weblink WebElement Image WebButton MicClass = WebEdit name = Name property given by developer MicClass = WebList name = Name property given by developer MicClass = WebRadioGroup name = Name property given by developer MicClass = WebCheckBox name = Name property given by developer MicClass = WebList name = Name property given by developer MicClass = WebList name = Name property given by developer MicClass = WebList name = Name property given by developer MicClass = WebButton name = Name property given by developer

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Example: For browser and Page Objects Dim Br, Pg Set Br = Description.Create() Br(MicClass).Vlaue = Browser Br(name).Value = Developer given name Set Pg = Description.Create() Pg(MicClass).Value = Page Pg(title).Vlaue = developer given title For WebEdit Object: Dim objDesc,objRef,val Set objDesc = Description.Create() objDesc(MicClass).Vlaue = WebEdit objDesc(name).Value = developer given name Set objRef = Browser(Br).Page(Pg).WebEdit(objDesc) For User Action objRef.Highlight Page 82 of 93

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objRef.Set Quality thought For Verification Val = objref.GetRoproperty(value) Msgbox val For WebList Object: Dim ObjDesc,ObjRef Set ObjDesc = Description.Create() ObjDesc(MicClass).Value = WebList ObjDesc(Name).Value = developer given name Set ObjRef = Browser(br).Page(pg).WebList(ObjDesc) For user Action ObjRef.Select <index> or ObjRef.Select <string> For Verification Val = ObjRef.GetRoproperty(value)

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Similarly any Other UI objects can be Created as the same way mentioned above. Understanding ChildObjects Method: This method is available at page level and at webtable level. In Both Cases, this method expects input as Description Object of an objects group matching some criteria This function returns a collection of objects matching the criteria passed to this function Syntax: Set objCollection = Browser(br).Page(pg).ChildObjects(<Object Description>)

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The bellow fig shows the Objects collection 0 1 2 3 . . . . N Obj name1 Obj name 2 Obj name 3 . . . . . Nth obj Name

Object Collection

Note: The object collection object can be used similar to array Example: For Broken link examples we will create description of link object, Collect all the links and read the href property of link. If href is empty it means developer didnt set the link and hence it is broken link Dim Objdesc, Objref, Objcollection, noOflinks, href Create Description object matching criteria Set Objdesc = Description.Create() Objdesc(MicClass).Value = link Set Objcollection = Browser(br).page(pg).Childobjecs(Objdesc) This statement will return the number of objects in collection noOflinks = Objcollection.count msgbox Total number of links appearing on this page&noOflinks For counter = 0 to (noOflinks-1) Set Objref = Objcollection(counter) innertext = Objref.GetRoproperty(innertext) href = Objref.GetRoproperty(href) Page 84 of 93

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href = trim(href) If href = then

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Reporter.Reportevent Micfail,verify link&innertext, The link&innertext& is broken Else Reporter.Reportevent Micpass,verify link&innertext, The link&innertext& is working fine End if Web Table What is a web table object? Tables are one of the primary design tools for HTML documents. Tables allow for greater control over page layout, allowing creation of more visually interesting pages. Tables are also used to set apart sections of documents, such as in sidebars, navigation bars, or framing images and their titles and captions. Tables have literally changed the look of the Web page. Originally, tables let people present data in a column format. Designers quickly figured out ways to improve the layout of their pages using tables. A Sample Web Table Object

Every web table contains data (text data) and child objects in specified cells. When we are working with descriptive programming using QTP, web table object is very useful to get data or to get object information for further activities. For Web table Row number starts from 1 and column number starts from 1 As we moving down the web table across a column, the row number will change(increment by 1), but column number is fixed As we move horizontally in web tables across a row, the column number will change (increment by 1), but row number is fixed Page 85 of 93

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Each of cell of web table contains both row number and column number when we represent a cell in automation script, we should use both row number and column number as identification of cell. Note: Web tables normally defined with zero border line. That means they are present but not visible on web page. Web developers/UI designers place the UI elements in Cells of web table to bring the presentation layer (web page) max utilization and good appearance Child Item method The Child Item method will give you the reference of a UI object residing in Webtable cell Inputs to this function Row number, column number of the Cell Mic-Class of UI object Index of UI object- This is index of then an UI object type Accessing Child Objects from web table Cell rCount=Browser(br).Page(pg).WebTable(WTname).RowCount For r=1 to rCount cCount=Browser(br).Page(pg).WebTable(WTname).ColumnCount(r) For c=1 to cCount oCount=Browser(br).Page(pg).WebTable(WTname).ChildItemCount(r,c,"Obj name") For obj=0 to oCount-1 set cObject= Browser(br).Page(pg).WebTable(WTname).ChildItem(r,c,objname,obj) msgbox cObject.getROproperty("html id") Next Next Next Difference between childobject, childitem and Getcelldata methods ChildObjects method is to access total child objects from web table object using description object. Syntax: - object. ChildObjects ([Description]) ChildItem method is to access child objects from a web table cell in web table object without using description object. Syntax:-object. ChildItem (Row, Column, MicClass, Index) Getcelldata method is to retrieve data from a web table cell in web table object. Syntax: - object. Getcelldata (Row, Column)

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Excel Handling
We have passed the test data into automation script either directly in script or variable or external data source.

Variable Auto code + Test Data Br().Pg(). weblist(). Select Auto code + Variable Dim X Dim X X = Data from External source file X = Some value Externalsource Br().Pg().Weblist(). Select X Automation Br().Pg().Weblist(). Select X value Some value

Why we maintain Test data outside the automation script? Automation Scripts Execution(during regression) is usually done by non-technical employees like --manual testers, low cost working team bank employees like tellers or collateral analyst. When they have to change the test data, their technical skills are not adequate to modify the scripts. Hence, they are not allowed to change the test data inside the automation script. So separating test data from automation script is only solution for this problem

Simple object model Example: Excel Application --> Workbooks--> Worksheet--> cells Workbook It is actual excel file that you see in windows directory Active workbook A work book that is opened is called active work book Worksheet Is like a page in book. It contains cells that can store data Cell Is the leaf level element in excel file. This is the one that holds the data Page 87 of 93

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NOTE: The Class for handling excel file is not part of QTP-VbScript , We need to get the reference of excel file handler/Excel application using the function ----CreateObject Steps for accessing Excel file data Create Reference of classExcel.Application With reference, Open the work book Once work book opened, get the reference of work sheet With reference of work sheet, set/get the cell data Save the opened work book Close the [workbook] Excel reference

Create an Excel File: 'Create a new Microsoft Excel object Set myxl = createobject("excel.application") 'To make Excel visible myxl.Application.Visible = true myxl.Workbooks.Add wait 2 'Save the Excel file as qtp.xls myxl.ActiveWorkbook.SaveAs "D:\qtp.xls" 'close Excel myxl.Application.Quit Set myxl=nothing Create an Excel File , Enter some data , Save the Excel and close the Excel: Set myxl = createobject("excel.application") 'Make sure that you have created an excel file before exeuting the script. 'Use the path of excel file in the below code 'Also make sure that your excel file is in Closed state before exeuting the script. myxl.Workbooks.Open "D:\qtp.xls" myxl.Application.Visible = true 'this is the name of Sheet in Excel file "qtp.xls" where data needs to be entered set mysheet = myxl.ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1") 'Enter values in Sheet1. 'The format of entering values in Excel is excelSheet.Cells(row,column)=value mysheet.cells(1,1).value ="Name" mysheet.cells(1,2).value ="Age" mysheet.cells(2,1).value ="Ram" Page 88 of 93

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mysheet.cells(2,2).value ="20" mysheet.cells(3,1).value ="Raghu" mysheet.cells(3,2).value ="15" 'Save the Workbook Read the data from Excel File: Set myxl = createobject("excel.application") 'Make sure that you have created an excel file before exeuting the script. 'Use the path of excel file in the below code 'Also make sure that your excel file is in Closed state myxl.Workbooks.Open "D:\qtp.xls" myxl.Application.Visible = true

QTP-MATERIAL

'this is the name of Sheet in Excel file "qtp.xls" where data needs to be entered set mysheet = myxl.ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1") 'Get the max row occupied in the excel file Row=mysheet.UsedRange.Rows.Count 'Get the max column occupied in the excel file Col=mysheet.UsedRange.columns.count 'To read the data from the entire Excel file For i= 1 to Row For j=1 to Col Msgbox mysheet.cells(i,j).value Next Next 'Save the Workbook myxl.ActiveWorkbook.Save 'Close the Workbook myxl.ActiveWorkbook.Close 'Close Excel myxl.Application.Quit Set mysheet =nothing Set myxl = nothing Compare Two Excel sheets Cell by cell: Mismatch=0 Set myxl = createobject("excel.application") 'To make Excel visible myxl.Visible = True Page 89 of 93

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'Open a workbook "qtp1.xls" Set Workbook1= myxl.Workbooks.Open("C:\qtp1.xls") 'Open a workbook "qtp2.xls" Set Workbook2= myxl.Workbooks.Open("C:\qtp2.xls") Set mysheet1=Workbook1.Worksheets("Sheet1") Set mysheet2=Workbook2.Worksheets("Sheet1") 'Compare two sheets cell by cell For Each cell In mysheet1.UsedRange 'Highlights the cell if cell values not match If cell.Value <>mysheet2.Range(cell.Address).Value Then 'Highlights the cell if cell values not match cell.Interior.ColorIndex = 3 mismatch=1 End If Next If Mismatch=0 Then Msgbox "No Mismach exists" End If 'close the workbooks Workbook1.close Workbook2.close myxl.Quit set myxl=nothing Search for Particular value in Excel: Set myxl = createobject("excel.application") 'Make sure that you have created an excel file before exeuting the script. 'Use the path of excel file in the below code 'Also make sure that your excel file is in Closed state before executing the script. myxl.Workbooks.Open "D:\qtp.xls" myxl.Application.Visible = true 'This is the name of Sheet in Excel file "qtp.xls" where data needs to be entered set mysheet = myxl.ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1") 'Contents of Sheet1 'Name Age 'Ram 20 'Raghu 15 Page 90 of 93

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'Select the used range in particular sheet With mysheet.UsedRange ' Data "Ram" to search ' Loop through the used range For each search_data in mysheet.UsedRange ' compare with the expected data If search_data="Ram" then 'make the cell with color if it finds the data search_data.Interior.ColorIndex = 40 End If next End With 'Save the Workbook myxl.ActiveWorkbook.Save 'Close the Workbook myxl.ActiveWorkbook.Close 'Close Excel myxl.Application.Quit Set mysheet =nothing Set myxl = nothing Copy an Excel sheet to another Excel sheet: Set myxl = createobject("excel.application") 'To make Excel visible myxl.Visible = True 'Open a workbook "qtp1.xls" Set Workbook1= myxl.Workbooks.Open("C:\qtp1.xls") 'Open a workbook "qtp2.xls" Set Workbook2= myxl.Workbooks.Open("C:\qtp2.xls") 'Copy the used range of workbook "qtp1.xls" Workbook1.Worksheets("Sheet1").UsedRange.Copy 'Paste the copied values in above step in the A1 cell of workbook "qtp2.xls" Workbook2.Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1").PasteSpecial Paste =xlValues 'Save the workbooks Workbook1.save Page 91 of 93

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Workbook2.save 'close the workbooks Workbook1.close Workbook2.close myxl.Quit set myxl=nothing DATA TABLE METHODS

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Data Tables plays major role when using Data/Keyword Driven frameworks. It'll be easy to work with Data tables if we know the methods.We have the following methods in Data Tables. 1) AddSheet: This method is used to add only one new sheet to the run time data table. Syntax: DataTable.AddSheet "sheet name" Example: DataTable.AddSheet "quality" 2) DeleteSheet:This method is used to delete a single sheet from run time data table. Syntax:DataTable.DeleteSheet (sheet id) Example: DataTable.DeleteSheet (3) 3) GetSheetCount:This method is used to get the number of sheets available in the run time table. Syntax:DataTable.GetSheetCount msgbox datatable.GetSheetCount 4) GetRowCount:This method is used to get the number of rows from the run time data table. Obviously it'll return the longest used column count from the data table. Syntax:DataTable.GetRowCount Ex: msgbox datatable.GetRowCount 5) GetSheet: This method is used to return the specific sheet from the run time data table. Syntax: DataTable.GetSheet(sheet id) Example: msgbox datatable. GetSheet(1).GetRowCount 6) Value: This method is used to set or get the values from a particular cell of the run time data table. Syntax to set data: DataTable.Value(Parameter_Name,Sheet_Name) = value or variable DataTable(Parameter_Name,Sheet_Name) = Value Example: DataTable.Value(5,2)=a Syntax to get data: variable = DataTable.Value(Parameter_Name,Sheet_Name) variable = DataTable.(Parameter_Name,Sheet_Name) Example: a= DataTable.Value(5,2) Page 92 of 93

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7) SetCurrentRow:This method is used to set a particular row as current row. By default it's first row of the 1st sheet. Syntax:DataTable.SetCurrentRow(rowNumber) Example: dataTable.SetCurrentRow(3) dataTable.value(1,1)="Quality thought" 8) SetNextRow:This method is used to set the next row as the new current row after the current row. Syntax:DataTable.SetNextRow Example:DataTable.SetCurrentRow(3) DataTable.SetNextRow DataTable.Value(2,1)="Quality thought" 9) SetPrevRow:This method is to set the row before the current row as the current row in the run time data table. Syntax:DataTable.SerPrevRow Example:datatable.SetCurrentRow(3) datatable.SerPrevRow datatable.value(1,1)="Quality thought" 10) Import:This method is used to import an Excel file to the run time table.Assume that we have 3 workbooks in the selected file.We can import all 3 worksheets to the run time data table. Syntax: DataTable.Import "file path" Example:DataTable.Import "C:\Automation\qtt.xls" 11) ImportSheet: This method is used to import a particular sheet of the selected Excel file to the run time data table. Syntax: DataTable.ImportSheet "file path","source sheet", "destination sheet" Example: datatable.ImportSheet "C:\Automation\qtt1.xls",2,1 12) Export: This method is used to export a copy of the run time data table to a particular location. Syntax:DataTable.Export "file path".This will export all the sheets from the run time data table. Example:DataTable.Export "C:\Automation\qtt.xls" 13) ExportSheet: This method is used to export copy of a particular sheet in the run time data table to a particular location. Syntax:DataTable.ExportShee "file path","source sheet. Example:DataTable.Export "C:\Automation\qtt1.xls",3

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