Huawei GSM Capacity Planning

Capacity Planning
Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

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www.huawei.com
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Capacity Planning
Capacity Planning
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Page2 Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Foreword
Capacity planning is very important of network QoS.
Good planning reduce further RNO work and capacity
expansion.
Capacity Planning
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Contents
1. Traffic Prediction
2. TCH Capacity Planning
3. SDCCH Capacity Planning
4. Capacity Enhancement Technology
Capacity Planning
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Traffic and Erlang
A is offered traffic, BHC is busy hour call times, t
m
is user
mean hold time, T is 1Hr (3600s).
200 users call in busy hr, average holding time 180s, the
traffic is:
T
t BHC
A
m *
=
Erl
s
s
A 10
3600
180 * 200
= =
Capacity Planning
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Traffic Prediction
In traffic prediction, we should consider many factors:
Population
Family income
Subscription ratio of fixed phone
National economy development
City construction
Future policy of fee
The network construction requires the consideration of economic feasibility and
rationality. Therefore, a reasonable investment decision must be based on the prediction
of the network capacity of the early and late stage.
Capacity Planning
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TCH Traffic Model Example
32% 24% 24% 24% Mobile-Fix
38% 36% 36% 36% Fix-Mobile
30% 40% 40% 40% Mobile-Mobile
Call Proportion
100% 100% 100% 100% Subscriber Active Ratio
10%/ 10% 10%/ 10% 10%/ 10% 10%/ 10% Roaming User In/Out Ratio
1.4 1.5 3 4.2 Busy Hr Short Message Sending per User
1.5 2.0 3.2 4.6 Busy Hr Short Message Receiving per User
1.4 1.7 1.7 1.4 Average Handovers per Call
20% 20% 20% 20% Second Paging Ratio
1.01 1.91 2.61 1.21 Busy Hr Location Update Times
80% 80% 80% 80% Successful First Paging Ratio
1.64 1.64 1.64 1.64 Busy Hr Call Times
43 48 57 61 Average Holding Time (s)
0.02 0.022 0.026 0.028 Busy Hr Average Traffic per User
Others Anshan Dalian Shenyang
Traffic Model Traffic Model
Item
Capacity Planning
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Traffic Prediction
After predicting the total network traffic, then predict the
subscriber distribution.
Generally, base stations are constructed in urban areas,
suburban areas, and transport arteries.
At first, the subscribers in cities contribute most traffic. With
the development, the subscribers in suburban areas grows
fast.
In busy hr, the traffic of each subscriber is 0.025 Erl in urban areas and 0.020 Erl in
suburban areas.
Capacity Planning
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Considerations
For important areas, consider back up stations and TRX.
The dynamic factors, such as roaming ratio, subscriber
mobility should be considered.
For the areas of burst traffic, such as the play ground and
seasonal tourism spots, you must prepare backup
equipments (such as carriers and micro cells).
Prepare the some carriers, micro base stations for
emergency and future optimization.
Capacity Planning
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Contents
Capacity Planning
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Overview
According to different situation, we have two method for
planning: Fixed Site Location and Fixed Frequency Reuse.
By Frequency Reuse:
The type of frequency reuse is given.
By Max Coverage:
The max coverage of cell is given.
By Frequency Reuse: The type of frequency reuse is given. It decides max TRX
number of every cell. By traffic prediction, calculate max user number per cell. According
to the total traffic and user number, Obtain site and cell number.
By Max Coverage: By coverage planning, obtain the max coverage of one cell. By the
total area of whole network, calculate the required cell number. By traffic prediction,
obtain the traffic of every cell, then calculate the TRX number.
Capacity Planning
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Basic Flow - By Frequency Reuse
Max Channel Number of Cell
Max User No. and Coverage by One Cell
Max TRX Number of Cell
Frequency Reuse Pattern
Erlang Erlang B Table B Table
Site, Cell Number
Max Traffic (Erl) of Cell
Total user No. and traffic Total user No. and traffic
Traffic Distribution Traffic Distribution
Capacity Planning
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By Frequency Reuse (Cont.)
According to the bandwidth and allowed interference level,
get the acceptable reuse mode.
Obtain the max number of TRX in one cell, then one Site.
For example, there are 4.8MHZ: 7.2/0.2=36 frequency
If reuse density is 4X3: 36/(4*3)= 3 frequency, in other
word, each cell has 3 TRX
Capacity Planning
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Each TRX has 8 channels. Obtain the voice channel
numbers by detracting the SDCCH required. Typically each
two TRX need a SDCCH.
For example, each cell 3 TRX, 2 SDCCH channels should
be configured. So total TCH are: 3X8=24 channels
24-1(BCCH)-2(SDCCH)=21 TCH channels
Capacity Planning
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By number of voice channels and call loss ratio (generally
2% dense traffic areas), you can obtain the maximum traffic
of one cell by Erlang B table.
For example, 21TCH according 2% block rate, each cell can
support 14.04 erl.
Capacity Planning
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Erlang B Table
Erlang B table give the relationship between Channel
Number , Call Block Rate (QoS) and Traffic.
l'uu_ b
Block Rate
Channel
Number
30.66
23.83
16.19
9.730
3.738
2.960
5
34.50 27.34 25.51 24.01 36
27.05 21.04 19.49 18.22 29
18.65 14.04 12.84 11.86 21
11.47 8.200 7.532 6.663 14
4.666 2.935 2.501 2.158 7
3.758 2.276 1.909 1.622 6
10 2 1.0 0.5
Capacity Planning
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By Frequency Reuse
If there are 1 million MS, and each MS traffic is 0.025erl
during the busy hour. So the whole traffic is 25000 erl
25000/14.04=1780.6 cells =1781 cells
Capacity Planning
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Basic Flow By Max Coverage
Channel Number of Cell
TRX Number of Cell
Traffic and User No. per Cell
Max Coverage per Cell
Erlang Erlang B Table B Table
Traffic Distribution Traffic Distribution
Coverage Planning Coverage Planning
Total Coverage of The Network Total Coverage of The Network
Cell Number
Capacity Planning
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By Max Coverage
By Coverage Planning, obtain the maximum coverage range
per cell.
By total area of the whole network, calculate cell number.
According to Traffic Prediction, decide how many user and
traffic in each cell.
With Erlang B table, decide the channel number required in
each cell.
Calculate the TRX number required in each cell.
Interference Interference
Capacity Planning
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Site Coverage Radius: R
Site distance: D=1.5R
Site Coverage Area=1.949R
2
Site Coverage Radius: R
Site distance: D=1.732R
Coverage Area=2.598R
2
3 Sectors site Omni site
Calculate the Coverage
Capacity Planning
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Erlang B Table
Erlang B table give the relationship between Channel
Number , Call Block Rate (QoS) and Traffic.
l'uu_ b
Block Rate
Channel
Number
30.66
23.83
16.19
9.730
3.738
2.960
5
34.50 27.34 25.51 24.01 36
27.05 21.04 19.49 18.22 29
18.65 14.04 12.84 11.86 21
11.47 8.200 7.532 6.663 14
4.666 2.935 2.501 2.158 7
3.758 2.276 1.909 1.622 6
10 2 1.0 0.5
Capacity Planning
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Practice
Suppose 100000 subscriber in city, 80% urban, 20%
suburban. Busy Hr traffic is 25/20mErl per user.
Frequency 10-50 is available.
Use3-sector site.
If by Frequency Reuse, BCCH use 4*3, TCH use 2*3. How
many TRX, cell, site is needed?
If by Max Coverage, max radius 1 km, total 300km
2
. How
Capacity Planning
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Practice
Suppose 100000 subscriber in city, 80% urban, 20%
suburban. Busy Hr traffic is 25/20mErl per user.
Frequency 10-50 is available.
Use3-sector site.
If by Frequency Reuse, BCCH use 4*3, TCH use 1*3. HR is
used here.1X3 and all the TRX can work in HR mode. How
Capacity Planning
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Contents
Capacity Planning
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SDCCH Traffic Source
Location Update
Normal/Periodical 3.5 s/ times
Power Off/On
IMSI Detach/Attach 2.9/3.5 s/times
Call
Original/Destination 2.7/2.9 s/times
Short Message
Sending/Receiving 6.2 s/times
Capacity Planning
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SDCCH Traffic Model (Cont.)
/ 2/2 2/2 2/2
Point to Point Short
Message (O/D)
/ 0.8/0.8 0.8/0.8 0.8/0.8 Call Establish (O/D)
/ 0.2 0.2 0.2 IMSI Attach/Detach
/ 2 2 2 Periodic Location Update
Times/
Busy Hr 1.2 0 0.4 Normal Location Update
Unit Unit Boundary Boundary Internal Internal Normal Cell Normal Cell Event Event
Times in busy hour Times in busy hour
Capacity Planning
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SDCCH Traffic Model
52% 48% 50% SDCCH/TCH
mErl/user 13.6 12.1 12.6 Redundancy 20%
mErl/user 11.3 10.1 10.5 Sum
mErl/user 6.9 6.9 6.9 Point to Point Short Message
mErl/user 1.24 1.24 1.24 Call Establish
mErl/user 0.16 0.16 0.16 IMSI Attach/Detach
mErl/user 1.8 1.8 1.8 Periodic Location Update
mErl/user 1.2 0 0.4 Normal Location Update
Unit Unit Boundary Boundary Internal Internal Normal Cell Normal Cell Event Event
Consider TCH Traffic 25mErl/user Consider TCH Traffic 25mErl/user
Capacity Planning
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Other Considerations
The following steps is similar to TCH planning.
The traffic analysis of SDCCH is very difficult, normally
not accurate.
Commonly used configuration is 1SDCCH per 2TRX, a
value by experience.
Now we use the Dynamic SDCCH, which largely
expand the flexibility of SDCCH configuration.
Capacity Planning
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TCH to SDCCH Conversion
Conversion Trigger:
Idle SDCCH < Idle SD Thrsh.
Resource Check
Ongoing?
SDCCH + 8 <
Cell SD Maximum?
IS
Idle TCH/F + idle (TCH/H)/2 4
AND
Idle TCH/F + idle (TCH/H)/2 No of TRX?
Stop Select suitable TCH/F
System Busy?
SDCCH conversion
allowed?
Other SDCCH
conversion ongoing?
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
SD Dynamic
Allowed Yes/No
After the SDCCH dynamic adjustment process is triggered, dynamic
adjustment can be started under the following conditions:
There should not be a resource check ongoing (usually at night during low traffic hour).
The BSC internal flow control level should be less than 0 (i.e. the BSC is not in overload).
Dynamic adjustment of other SDCCH in the cell should not be in progress (one
conversion at a time).
SD Dynamic Allocation Allowed should be Yes (feature enabled).
The number of the SDCCHs +8 should be less than Cell SD Maximum.
IF the number of the cell idle TCH/F + (the number of the cell idle TCH/H)/2 4 AND
the number of the TRXs in the cell THEN the dynamic SDCCH adjustment is not allowed.
ELSE allowed.
Then a suitable TCH/F should be selected for conversion.
Parameter: Cell SD Maximum
Range:0~255
Default: Configured SDCCHs + 8 (i.e single dynamic)
Description: The maximum number of SDCCHs in the cell.
Parameter: SD Dynamic Allocation Allowed
Range: Yes, No
Default: Yes
Description: Indicates whether SDCCH dynamic allocation is allowed.
Capacity Planning
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Contents
Capacity Planning
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Tight Frequency Reuse (Cont.)
2*3 or 1*3 or 1*1
With the same frequency band, Tight Frequency Reuse
increase the TRX number per cell, which decides the
capacity of the cell.
Capacity Planning
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Half Rate
Half rate voice coding uses new coding algorithm to reduce
the coding rate to half that of full rate. Thus, one physical
channel that can only support one call now can support two
calls by half rate.
If the half rate service is used, the voice capacity expands
twice without adding TRX.
Capacity Planning
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The Function of HR
T T T T T T T T T T T S T T T T T T T T T T T T I T
T T T T T T S T T T T T T
T T T T T T T T T T T T S
Capacity Planning
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Estimation of the Number TCHF
Some situations, need to estimate the number of TCHFs
and TCHHs available in a cell.
With the estimated proportion between the TCHFs and
TCHHs you can set the TCH Traffic Busy Threshold more
accurately.
The estimation of the number of TCHFs and TCHHs in a cell paves the way for the
proper configuration of the TCHFs and TCHHs in the cell. Also, with the estimated
proportion between the TCHFs and TCHHs you can set the TCH Traffic Busy
Threshold more accurately.
Capacity Planning
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Estimation of the Number TCHF
Providing the traffic volume (1 Erl) and the allowed call loss
rate (B%), the number of channels required in the cell (n)
can be calculated according to the Erlang B table.
Suppose that a cell has two TRXs and the cell is configured
with one BCCH and two SDCCHs.
Capacity Planning
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Examples
According to the Erlang B table, when the traffic volume is X
the number of channels required in the cell is 10.
The number of channels that can be configured as TCHs in
the cell is 13 (2 x 8 - 3).
Because 13 > 10, all the channels in the cell can be
configured as TCHFs. TCH Traffic Busy Threshold can be
set to 100.
Capacity Planning
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Examples
According to the Erlang B table, when the traffic volume in
the cell is Y the number of channels required in the cell is 17
and the number of TCHs required is 13.
Because 13 x 2 > 17 > 13, the number of TCHFs to be
configured in the cell is 9 (2 x 13 - 17) and other channels
should be configured as TCHHs.
TCH Traffic Busy Threshold is set to 70 (100 x [2 x 13 -
17]/13)
Capacity Planning
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Examples
Based on ERLANG B, if the traffic volume in the cell is Z,
the number of configured channels is 28 and the number of
channels that can be used as TCHs in the cell is 13.
Because 28 > 13 x2, all the channels in the cell should be
configured as TCHHs. At the same time, Huawei
recommends that a user should perform an expansion.
The TCH Traffic Busy Threshold is set to 0.
Capacity Planning
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Exercise
If cell A has 12 TCHs, traffic volume is 8.3 erl, the required
block rate is 1% ,so the TCH Traffic Busy Threshold is set
to ( ? )
If cell B has 10 TCHs, traffic volume is 16.2 erl, the required
block rate is 2% ,so the TCH Traffic Busy Threshold is set
to ( ? )
Capacity Planning
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What is Co-BCCH cell
In the same cellthere are 900M carriers and
1800M carriers, just one BCCH channel, only a CGI.
Co-BCCH cell should be configured as concentric
cell
Overlaid subcell
Underlaid subcell
Concentric Cell (Co-BCCH)
!800H !800H !800H !800H TC| TC| TC| TC|
!800H !800H !800H !800H bCC| bCC| bCC| bCC|
900H 900H 900H 900H TC| TC| TC| TC|
900H 900H 900H 900H bCC| bCC| bCC| bCC|
\omu' duu' |uud '': \omu' duu' |uud '': \omu' duu' |uud '': \omu' duu' |uud '': T"O bCC| T"O bCC| T"O bCC| T"O bCC|
!800H !800H !800H !800H TC| TC| TC| TC|
900H 900H 900H 900H TC| TC| TC| TC|
900H 900H 900H 900H bCC| bCC| bCC| bCC|
CObCC| CObCC| CObCC| CObCC| ou'y ou bCC| ou'y ou bCC| ou'y ou bCC| ou'y ou bCC|
Co-BCCH cell, also has some other names:
1.Co-Cell
2.Multiband Cell
3 .900/1800 mix cell
Capacity Planning
P-40
Dual BCCH cell: S3+S3
900M
1800M
CoBCCH cell: S3+3
20.08% 31.9 41
3.4% 27.3 16.6 24 0 0 0 OL: 3
10.7 17 2 4 1 UL: 3
CoBCC
H
26.4 13.2 20 1 2 1
1800M:
3
13.2 20 1 2 1 900M: 3
Dual
BCCH
Trunking
Gain
Total
Erl
Erl
Available
TCH
PDCH
SDCC
H
BCC
H
TRX
Concentric Cell (Co-BCCH)
Capacity Planning
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Assignment
GSM900M/DCS1800M Co-cell assignment must conform to the policies of
concentric cell. As the MS may be a non-dual-band one, the band supporting
capability of the MS must be judged before the channel assignment.
Underlaid Underlaid Incoming-to-BSC HO
Depend on Prefer subcell
in HO of intra BSC
Underlaid Intra-BSC HO
Depend on assign
optimum layer
Underlaid Assignment
Underlaid Underlaid Imm-assignment
MS supports dual band
Not get the MS ability or MS
just support single band Assignment
Type
When the MS supports the frequencies of both the overlay and underlay cells,
assign the channel according to the channel assignment policy of the concentric
cell. Otherwise, assign the channel in the overlay cell only.
Capacity Planning
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Configuration
When adding a new cellit should be
configured as GMS900&DCS1800
Capacity Planning
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Configuration
Capacity Planning
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Configuration
Capacity Planning
P-45
Others
Dual Band Network
900MHz -> 900MHz/1800MHz
DTX (Discontinuous Transmission)
Frequency hopping
Capacity Planning
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Summary
In this course, we have learned:
Traffic analysis and prediction
How to do TCH channel dimensioning
How to do SDCCH channel dimensioning
Capacity Enhancement Technology
Capacity Planning
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Erl Table
Capacity Planning
P-48
Capacity Planning
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Thank you
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