CHAPTER 7 NOTES PACKAGE: ANSWER KEY Describe the typical North American (suburban) teenager and the pop

culture of the 1950s and early 60s. Independence: they had more free time and money than ever before Styles: Girls Hair: poodle cuts, pony tails, beehives. Clothes: Saddle shoes, penny loafers, poodle skirts, crinolines, cardigans, strapless gowns. Boys - Hair: crew-cut or ducktail Clothes: white socks, blue jeans, dress pants, v-neck sweaters, black leather jackets, sports coats. Music: Rock nRoll became the favourite, developed in the 1950s. The roots came from African-American culture. It was rebellious and shocking, banned from many places. Famous Canadian artists included: Paul Anka, Buffy Sainte-Marie, Neil Young, Joni Mitchell, The Guess Who Consumer: television encouraged people to buy more products: sweetened cereals, Barbie dolls, hats, etc. New gadgets and inventions were introduced: ballpoint pens, photocopiers, Polaroid cameras, Frisbees etc. Massey Commission: its purpose was to investigate the state of Canadian culture. The commission suggested that Canadian culture needed to be protected by American influence. It recommended that the government give money to universities and the arts, and that the National Film Board be strengthened. Canada Council was established in 1957 as a result, and gave grants to writers, artists and theatres. New institutions like the Royal Winnipeg Ballet and the National Ballet became well-known, and authors were gaining recognition. CRTC: Canadian Radio-Television Telecommunications Commission: established in 1968, this regulated the amount of foreign material that was broadcast over the airwaves, and made rules that required a certain amount of Canadian content to be played. Minister Howes suggestion (p 169) example: Generous tax breaks to be given to companies that agreed to produce consumer goods or invest in new plants. Also, Government corporations were auctioned off to private companies for a low price.

Canadas Economic Boom: A. Natural Resources: metals and other minerals, oil B. New industries: plastics, pesticides, they were having a profound effect on the environment, due to dumping waste and polluting the ground, air, and water. C. Megaprojects: They were big projects aimed at improving the countrys roads, sewers, power plants, schools, hospitals. Money came from taxes, and the money would go right back into the economy in the form of labour and materials. They created the Trans-Canada Highway, St. Lawrence Seaway, Trans-Canada Pipeline. D. American Investments: by 1956, 68% of the oil industry in Canada was owned by the USA. By 1967, it was 88%. They also controlled more than half of the manufacturing plants in Canada. Canada needed this investment in order to get at new resources such as oil, uranium and iron ore. Canadians were divided on whether it was a good choice for Canada. E. Canadian Companies: H.R. MacMillan made the largest forestry company, K.C. Irving became one of the worlds richest men, EP Taylor and Bronfman family controlled production of many consumer goods. F. Workers Benefits: workers went on strike to fight for better benefits, as a result wages were increased. They also established a five day, 40 hour work week, and increased fringe benefits like paid vacation. Unions grew rapidly. G. Prosperity is not for everyone: Living conditions of Aboriginal people were not the same as the majority of Canadians. They suffered from the environmental damage from new industries, eg. mercury poisoning in their fish. Development of highways and mines disrupted their hunting and way of life. Social Welfare: Kings contributions Looking to keep support of voters who remembered the hard times of The Depression Unemployment insurance introduced in 1940 Family allowance (baby bonus) introduced in 1944 Pearsons contributions: Canada Pension Plan: was started in 1966, improved on the current pension plan. Canada Assistance Plan: money for provinces to create social assistance programs for people in need

Medicare: The Medical Care Act was passed in 1966, with federal and provincial provinces sharing the cost, money coming from taxes. TOMMY DOUGLAS: He introduced the complete Medicare program to Saskatchewan, where he was the premier. It proved to the rest of the country that it could work for the whole nation. Tommy then became the leader of the NDP, and the Liberals were scared he would use Medicare as part of his platform. So, the Liberals added Medicare to their platform, and voila! Medicare was born. **Trivia** Tommy Douglas was named CBCs Most Influential Canadian in 2004.