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Why review CTs Description of CB and CT Manufacturing Process Issues with CTs Suggestions for Improvements - CT Specifications - CT Mix - CT Ratings - Other
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Current Transformer
Sealing ring
Housing
Connecting leads
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Quantity 15
15
0.15PX325R0.55 on 1200/5 tap [S1-S3] TOTAL SAVINGS - (Estimated)
$
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Weight Saving
Very Special Small Housing [Complying Offer]
Ratio: Class: 1200-900/5 0.25PX300R0.45 on 900/5 tap [S1-S2] 0.15PX400R0.58 on 1200/5 tap [S1-S3] Special Small Housing [Alternative Offer] Ratio: Class: 1200-900/5 0.25PX250R0.4 on 900/5 tap [S1-S2] 0.15PX325R0.55 on 1200/5 tap [S1-S3]
TOTAL SAVINGS -
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CT Dimension
Knee Point
Burden
Sec. Current
ALF
Accuracy
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CURRENT TRANSFORMER CONSTRUCTION Current transformers can be constructed in a number of different ways: WOUND PRIMARY: with a fixed primary with a number of turns around the core;the winding is fully insulated and form an integral part of the assembly BAR PRIMARY: this has a fixed insulated primary conductor passing through the core and essentially the primary conductor is equal to 1 turn
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BUSHING TYPE:this has no primary winding;it is for use with a fully insulated conductor acting as the primary winding. WINDOW TYPE:this has no primary winding but it normally has insulation in the window so that conductors can be passed through Other types are for HV applications.
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BASIC FORMULAE
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The more accurate the reflection in the secondary of the primary current the smaller the current and phase angle errors. These errors are dependant on : Excitation ampere turns Type of magnetic material used Configuration of the transformer;in general the smaller the ID and OD the more accurate the transformer for the same excitation Ampere - turns
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CT 1A or 5A Secondary?
1250/5 0.15 PX 100 Rct = 0.5 5P20 20VA Rb = 0.8 SSC = 25kA 1250/1 0.025 PX 100 Rct = 2.5 5P20 4VA Rb = 4 SSC = 25kA
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CT 1A or 5A Secondary?
1250/5 0.15 PX 300 Rct = 0.5 5P20 85VA Rb = 3.4 SSC = 25kA 1250/1 0.025 PX 250 Rct = 2.5 5P20 13.75VA Rb = 13.75 SSC = 25kA
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MEASUREMENT CTS
Require good accuracy up to 120% rated current Require low saturation levels to protect instruments
PROTECTION CTS
Require accuracy up to many times rated current Require definite voltage outputs at below saturation levels
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CT Magnetising Curve
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MARKET CONSIDERATIONS
THE SPECIFIER Should ensure that the appropriate class for each application is used;specifying a greater burden than actually required may not give you the accuracy you want!!! The protection class requirements should be accurately calculated as the specifying of voltages higher than require only result in higher prices
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MARKET CONSIDERATIONS (Cont.) THE PURCHASER Consider carefully the implications of the specification! Do not use metering CTs for Protection applications:it will cost more later when the end user has problems with its protection system. Ensure that the CTs you use have the correct mechanical characteristics;ensure that the materials used are adequate to withstand the temperatures of your busbars!!!
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TYPICAL EXAMPLES
METERING APPLICATION
Customer asks for low ratio with high burden and class Typical 15 VA 1M Result: Large and expensive CT using mumetal
ALTERNATIVE Determine what connected load is; Typical now is electronic with small VA burden typical 2.5 or 5VA
RECOMMEND ALTERNATIVE
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Customer specifies differential CTs with large knee point voltage CT size is too large to fit in switchgear Check voltage requirement based on relay recommended formulas!!!! 90% of time customer specified knee point voltage is much higher than needed!! Result : a lower cost ct that can fit in your gear
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TYPICAL SWITCHGEAR APPLICATIONS How are dimensions of CTs affected??? Remember the basic formula ,voltage is dependant on: turns; flux density in core and size of core If a customer wants a larger internal diameter then the price will go up due to: Increased weight of core to compensate for lower flux density; remember flux density is proportional to magnetising force and for a given number of turns the magnetizing force of ampere turns /metre is indirectly proportional to the mean length of core i.e, The larger the diameter of the core the lower magnetising ampere turns the lower the flux density!!!
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CT-Requirements
new adapted Data CT-stability calculation necesary ratios only project specific data adapted burden
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CT Design Consideration :
Knee Point Burden Sec. Current ALF Accuracy