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Summary of relief calculations for T-400 & T-405 1. The Rainstorm with subsequent vacuum is the controlling case for relief. Since both tanks operate without Conservation Valves and with Open Vents, the vacuum demand for the controlling case is more than sufficient for the worst pressure case (the Fire Case); 2. The amount of open vent capacity required for the worst case (rainstorm) is to be handled by installing four (4) - 12" Open Vents on the roof of each tank; these vents should have a Flame arrestor under a 180o return. The vent outlet should have a Stainless Steel screen to keep out foreign objects and to resist corrosion. 3. The flame arrestors should have a nominal capacity for 2.55 MM scfh each such that they do not create a pressure drop in excess of what the tank design vacuum can withstand at the existing atmospheric pressure. 4. The four open vents should be located at equal 90o quadrant locations on the roof in order to allow equal distribution of created pressure or vacuum conditions.
Page 1 of 13
Art Montemayor
Stored Material Flash Point Boiling Point Latent Heat vap. Mol. Wt. Inflows Tag
P-160/-170 P-165/-175
Crude Oil F 350 (Estim.) o F 360 (Estim.) Btu/lb 144.0 (Hexane) 274.0
o
Service
Transfer to Storage Transfer to Storage
Line No.
10"-PL-138-A 10"-PL-055-A
or : or : or :
Total Inflows, gpm Sonic Flow in Pipe Pipe Flow at Maximum DP 100 psi Other (Attach Method) Use for Relief (gpm) Normal Maximum (gpm)
2,400
2,400 1,500
Capacity
gpm gpm gpm Total 2,500 2,500 5,000
Notes: 1) Pumps are at zero head flowrate (Max. gpm), and Control Valves have the max. trim size (Max. Cv) 2) The above pump capacities are estimated due to a lack of pump performance curves. Electronic FileName: 161245513.xls.ms_office WorkSheet: Data Entry
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Art Montemayor
Consider this when using emission vapor control system Normal max inflow + out breathing With vent system Pressure Drop of 9 in WC Consider this only if the tank vents to a vacuum source or header
Blanket Gas Valve set at 7" WC Required SCFH Selected SCFH Valve Fail Open SCFH
N. A. N. A. N. A.
sum of outflows + in Breathing + fail open vent valve Fisher Model Regulator w/ " trim. This flowrate assumes the valve's Cv determines the capacity
Pressure and Vacuum Relief Cases Inflow (Pressure) SCFH 85,515 Pump Inflow + Out Breathing + Flashing Feed Fire (Pressure) SCFH 690,425 Pool Fire Case Outflow (Vacuum) SCFH 10,232,913 Pumps' outflows + in Breathing + condensed vapor during rainstorm Notes: 1) Refer to API-2000; 5th Ed., April 1998; Table 2A for thermal breathing requirements. 2) Fire Case calculations are according to API Standard 2000, 5th Ed., Section 4.3.3.2.1 3) Internal vapor condensation during a Tropical rainstorm is a special case detailed in this worksheet. 4) The Hot Crude Oil introduced into these tanks goes through a Vapor Separator where some flash vapor is removed and routed to vapor disposal; however some additional vapor remains in equilibrium with the crude and flashes inside the main tank that is vented directly to the atmosphere.
These two Crude Oil Storage Tanks (T-400 & T-405) should be equipped with 4- 12" roof nozzles located at a convenient location. The nozzle should have a Flame arrestor sized for 2,500,000 Scfh and a 180o return with a protective stainless steel screen.
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Art Montemayor
Rated at in. WC 0 zero (if Con vent has capacity) or Worst case w/o Con Vent each from catalog; total number Total
Emergency Vacuum Relief oz/in2 Set at Rated at in. WC Required SCFH 424,263 zero (if Con vent has capacity) or Worst case w/o Con Vent Selected Size SCFH N. A. each from catalog; total number Total
Selected Equipment: Blanket Gas Regulator Nitrogen Valve Conservation Vent Emergency Vent Emergency Vacuum
Tag N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A.
Manufacturer Fisher
Model 1190
Size, in 2
Cv 66.7
Notes: 1) A Fire hatch or Emergency Vent is not required since the open 12" vents on this tank have sufficient capacity for the controlling case (vacuum) and this is sufficiently large for the worst pressure case also. 2) A Conservation vent (PVSV) is not recommended for these two crude oil storage tanks. For technical calculations and process analysis determining the type and degree of tank pressure and vacuum protection, refer to included worksheets "Condensing Vapor". 3) These tanks are designed taking into consideration the recommendations of API Standards 2000, 5th Ed.; section 4.2.5.14, "Uninsulated Tanks"
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Art Montemayor
Oil Recovery Attachment 4 Storage Tank: Fluid: T - 400 & T - 405 Crude Oil
Safety Scenario Relief Rates, CFH Pressure Scenario Vacuum Scenario Liquid Steam-Out Inflow Fire Case Outflow Other Overflow (Note 1) Case Contributions: 1 Liquid movement in 2 Liquid movement out 3 Out Breathing (Vapor out) 4 In Breathing (Vapor In) 5 Fire Exposure 6 Pressure Transfer Blow-through 7 Blanket Gas Failure - Blocked 8 Blanket Gas Failure - Open 9 Steam Coil Rupture 10 Vent System Failure - Blocked 11 Chemical Reaction 12 Flashing Feed (Note 2) 13 Steam-Out Total Volumetric Flow: 20,578 N.A. 6,295 20,578 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 40,104 N.A. 10,491 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 50,595 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 13,566,429 13,566,429 0
N.A. 10,491 690,425 N.A. N.A. N. A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 700,916
Controlling Pressure Case Design Capacity = Controlling Vacuum Case Design Capacity =
876,145 cfh (Includes 25% contingency) 63,244 cfh (Includes 25% contingency)
Air density = Blanket gas density = Blanket gas Molecular Weight = Blanket gas density = Blanket gas specific gravity =
at at
32 F o 109 F
and and
at at
109 F
o 109 F
and and
20 psia 20 psia
3 1.0394 lb/ft
Note 1: The steam-out case is calculated in this Workbook; relief protection is recommended in the form of a properly sized nozzle (or roof-located manway) that is required to be left open while steaming out the tank. The open vents capacity plus the roof manway should suffice for the steam out. Note 2: Although the crude oil feed is flashing into the tank, this case is not a credible pressure case because an open, atmospheric vent is employed which is designed for the controlling vacuum case.
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Art Montemayor
Storage Tank Pressure Relief Over-Pressurization Scenario Contributions Consider Event when calculating CASE: 1 Press. Yes No No No No No No No No No No Yes N. A. 2 Vacuum No Yes No No No No No No No No No No N. A. 3 Press. No No Yes No No No No Note 1 No Note 3 No No N. A. 4 Press. No No No No No No No No No No No No N. A. 5 Press. No No No No No No No No No No No No N. A. 6 Press. Note 2 Note 2 No No No No No No No Note 3 No No N. A. 7 Press. Note 2 Note 2 No No No No No No No Note 3 No No N. A. 8 Press. No No No No No No No No No No No No N. A. 9 Press. Note 2 Note 2 No No No No No No No Note 3 No No N. A. 10 Press. No No No No No No No No No Note 3 No No N. A.
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Event Liquid Movement in and Breathing Out Liquid Movement Out and Breathing In Fire Exposure Pressure Transfer Blow Through Blanket Gas Regulator Failure Failure or Loss of Control - Heat Transfer Devices Failure of Internal Heating / Cooling Coils Failure of Vent Treatment System Failure of Utilities (Steam, Nitrogen, air, CWS) Chemical Reaction Liquid Overfill Flashing Liquid Feed Steam Out (Note 4)
11 Press. No No No No No No No No No No Yes No N. A.
Notes: 1) This event is when the vent valve feeding tank vapors to a vapor treatment system fails closed. 2) Either or both liquid movement events could be applicable depending on the system. 3) Consider this event if the fluids involved normally, or potentially, can cause a reaction 4) Steam Out is a special case that is handled and calculated independently in this Workbook; a properly sized nozzle is usually specified to be left open for this case.
Comments on scenarios for Tank T - 400 & T - 405: Event No. 4 is not considered a credible scenario since all liquid transfer into tank is done by pumping, not pressure transfer. Event No. 6 is not considered a credible scenario since this tank does not incorporate a heat transfer device or internal coil. Event No. 7 is not considered a credible scenario since this tank does not incorporate an internal coil that could rupture. Event No. 8 is not considered a credible scenario since this tank does not incorporate a Vapor Treating System. Event No. 10 is not considered a credible scenario since the compounds and fluids with potential for introduction into the tank do not react with each other or polimerize. Event No. 11 is not considered a credible scenario since the tank has been designed according to API Standard 2000, 5th Ed.; article 4.2.5.10
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Art Montemayor
Determination of Inflows and Outflows for Storage Tanks for use when calculating Normal and Emergency Venting Requirements
No. Event 1. Liquid Movement in and Breathing Out Inflow / Outflow Inflow
Outflow
Inflow
4. Pressure Transfer Blow-through 5. Inert Gas Pad/Purge Regulator Failure 6. Failure or loss of Control Heat Transfer Devices 7. Failure of Internal Heating/Cooling Coils
Either or both
8. Failure of Vent Treatment System 9. Failure of Utilities (Air, Steam, Cooling Water, N2, etc.) 10. Chemical Reaction 11. Liquid Overfill 12. Flashing Liquid
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Art Montemayor
on of Inflows and Outflows for Storage Tanks ulating Normal and Emergency Venting Requirements
Calculate Inflow or Outflow by: Determine the Maximum flow, at zero head, for each pump that can be lined up to the tank. For sources that are not pump driven, calculate the maximum flow for the flow limiting element. For Control valves, use the largest trim for the valve body and add the capacity of any bypass valves. The total inflow is the sum from all of these sources. The total inflow can be reduced if engineering judgment indicates that it is unlikely that all of the sources will be feeding into the tank simultaneously. The total inflow can also be reduced if the pressure drop in the line(s) between the inlet manifold(s) and tank exceeds the available pressure drop. The available pressure drop is the highest pressure sources dead head pressure.
Determine the Maximum flow, at zero head, for each pump that can take suction from the tank. The Outflow is the sum of all of these; even installed spare(s). Do not consider inflow for fire case since there is ample time to shutoff the inflow before the fire case fully develops. (see also API-2000 3.4.3.1.4) Do consider the failure of the blanketing gas regulator (if applicable) since these instuments typically fail open and the heat from a fire could cause it to fail. Like Case 1 Like Case 1 Use Case 1 if the failure can cause the tank to vent. Use Case 2 if the failure can create a vacuum in the tank. Use Case 1 if the failure can cause the tank to vent. Use Case 2 if the failure can create a vacuum in the tank. Like case 2 Use Case 1 if the failure can cause the tank to vent. Use Case 2 if the failure can create a vacuum in the tank. Like Case 1 All Project Tanks will be designed according to API Standard 2000, 5th Ed.; article 4.2.5.10 When introducing flashing liquids, always include the flashed vapor in the total relief capacity.
Page 8 of 13
Art Montemayor Tanks T-400 & T-405 Crude Oil Tank Diameter = Tank Height =
Project Crude Oil Storage Vacuum Relief 50.00 feet 32.00 feet
In accordance with API Standard 2000, paragraph 4.2.5.14 - "Uninsulated Tanks": Since the Crude Oil Storage is being fed with a flashing crude oil feed that is adding water vapor , there is a possibility that a partial vacuum can be created as the continuing tanks' operation is being pumped out by their respective booster pumps and a sudden rainstorm develops. The concern for this scenario occuring is due to the partial vacuum hazard created by the condensation of the water vapor in the vapor space which will can be at a temperature between 180 oF to 220 oF. This situation would be in the worse circumstance if the tank were almost empty at the moment the rain commences. The rate of atmospheric air required to maintain the tank at the minimum design pressure is equal to the rate of condensed water vapor during the rainstorm due to heat transfer through the tank's roof and wall in contact with the internal vapor. The storage tanks could normally be filled with a minimum of approximately 25% of the total available tank height. Total (100%) Tank cylindrical Volume = Cylindrical tank section with fuel gas blanket = Conical roof volume with fuel gas blanket = = Tank's Water Vapor volume @ 25% full =
3 62,832 Ft 3 47,124 Ft
Assume that the blanket vapor regulator fails in the closed position and that the flashing feed continues to enter the Crude Oil storage tank, effectively sweeping out the non-condensibles through the PVSV pressure side. Under these conditions, it is feasible for the vapor space to essentially become water vapor ("steam") rich in composition after a prolonged period of saturated Crude Oil entering the tank proper and flashing. It is at this critical moment that a credible tropical rainstorm could develop and drench the area for hours. From the process simulation run of Nov 27, 2001 the Crude Oil Flash vapor produced in the storage tank due to adiabatic expansion is: Temperature Pressure 208 14.7
o
3 Vapor Density 0.040864 Lb/ft Vapor Flowrate 1.407 MM Scfd Total Molecular Weight 19.788 Total Flowrate 3,058 Lb/hr
The storage tank surface area capable of cooling-condensing the vapors when the tank is 25% full is: 2 Cylindrical surface area = 3,770 ft 2 Cone top roof surface area = 1,991 ft 2 Total Surface Area = 5,760 ft
Page 9 of 13
Project Art Montemayor Crude Oil Storage Vacuum Relief For a heat transfer rate heat equation, use:
Q = U A DT
Where, Q = U = A = DT = Heat transfer rate, Btu/hr Overall heat transfer coefficient, Btu/hr-ft2-oF Heat transfer surface, ft2 mean temperature difference between both fluids, oF
For a condensing system, an overall heat transfer coefficient of 250 to 700 Btu/hr-ft2-oF is considered as very credible. The actual temperature of the rain water could be an estimated 60 oF. If an overall condensing heat transfer coefficient of Q = 368,666,833 Btu/hr Steam condensation rate = = 379,951 lb/hr 190 ton/hr
3 26.799 ft /lb
500
Btu/hr-ft2-oF is used,
ft3/hr
There is more than ample cooling rain capability to easily condense all of the incoming 3,000 lb/hr of flash vapor (1.77 MM Acfd) containing only 7 % volume of non-condensibles. Although the above scenario is agravated by the Crude Oil pumped out by the booster pumps at a maximum rate of 40,100 cfh (approximately 1.0 MM cfd) this effect will be short-lived due to the fact that as the tank develops a vacuum condition, the booster pumps will loose their prime and cease to pump. Additionally, the amount of vacuum contributed by the pump-out in this scenario only contributes approximately 0.5% of the total vacuum rate. The maximum possible velocity in the Tank's vacuum relief nozzle is:
vs = k g R T = k g 144 P V
Where, vs k g P' V Therefore, vs = = = = = = Sonic velocity of air, ft/sec Ratio of specific heats for air = acceleration of gravity, 32.2 ft/sec2 Absolute pressure, psia Specific volume of air, ft3/lb = 1,118 ft/sec 2.53 3.25 ft2 1.40
13.10
Required nozzle area for sonic velocity = Quantity of 12" ID open vents required =
Page 10 of 13
January 26, 2002 Art Montemayor Oil Recovery This calculation is for vacuum protection of Crude Oil Storage tanks, T-400 & T-405: Rev: 0 In order to have safe vessel entry for inspection and repairs of the tank, OSHA requires it be clean of chemicals. Tanks are normally subjected to cleaning with live steam for this purpose and this procedure can introduce the hazard of sudden, uncontrolled vacuum developed due to steam condensation during a rain storm. Diameter = 50 ft Height = 32 ft Cylindrical surface area = Cone top roof surface area = Total Surface Area = For a heat transfer rate heat equation, use:
Where, Q = U = A = DT =
Q = U A DT
Heat transfer rate, Btu/hr Overall heat transfer coefficient, Btu/hr-ft2-oF Heat transfer surface, ft2 mean temperature difference between both fluids, oF
For a condensing system, an overall heat transfer coefficient of 250 to 700 Btu/hr-ft2-oF is considered as very credible. A tropical rain storm at any given time is considered as a design criteria that should be strictly observed because of historical, empirical meteorological data. It is very possible to suffer an instantaneous cloud burst in the rainy season. The actual rain water temperature could be an estimated 60 oF. If an overall condensing heat transfer coefficient of Q = 5.E+08 Btu/hr 500 Btu/hr-ft2-oF is used,
Steam condensation rate = 506,229 lb/hr = 253 ton/hr 3 Specific volume of steam at 14.696 psia = 26.799 ft /lb Volumetric displacement inside tank = = = 13,566,429
3 226,107 ft /min 3 3,768 ft /sec
ft3/hr
The maximum possible velocity in the Tank's vacuum relief nozzle is:
vs = k g R T = k g 144 P V
Where, vs k g P' V Therefore, vs = = = = = = Sonic velocity of air, ft/sec Ratio of specific heats for air = acceleration of gravity, 32.2 ft/sec2 Absolute pressure, psia Specific volume of air, ft3/lb = 1,118 ft/sec 3.37 32 ft2 inch diameter 1.40
13.10
Required nozzle area for sonic velocity = A nozzle to allow safe operation =
Page 11 of 13
TANKS
CLIENT: JOB:
DOC No
Sheet: of :
1 1
Revision: B
50 feet 32 feet
REF. P&ID: CODE: RX: HEAT TREATMENT: DESIGN PRESSURE INT.: CORROSION: AMBIENT TEMP
AO115-EPF-01-112A1
DESIGN DATA
API 650 Latest Edition Per API 650 Per API 650 2 PSIG @ 240 F 0.125" 32-120F
B A
C A
MH M
D E
N
K
MATERIALS
SHELL: BOTTOM: ROOF: PIPES: FORGED: STUDS: NUTS: GASKETS: SUPPORTS: A-36 A-36 A-36 A53/A106 SMLS A-105 A193 Gr B7 Fluorocarbon Coated A194 2H Hvy Hex Nuts Fluorocarbon Coat'd Flexitallic CG or equal
F G H
MH MH MH
I J
FITTINGS
LADDER: ROOF PROTECTION CLEANOUT Mark QTY A B C D E F G H I J K M N MH MH Fill Rate Empty Rate SIZE 8" 2" 10" 2" 2" 2" 2" 12" 4" 2" 2" 6" 36"x36" 24" Per API 650 Tables 3-20 and 3-21 Per API 650 LEVEL GAGE INSPECTION NOZZLE EMERGENCY NOZZLE Locate SERVICE Thief Hatch Gas Blanket PVSV + Flame Arrestor (Contractor to Size) Inlet LSH TIT LIT LSL Outlet Drain Sample points Level Gauge Foam Manway Manway 45,000 BPD 45,000 BPD
NOZZLES
TYPE RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF Flush FF Series 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 2 1 1 3
NOTES Platform to be provided as follows: Minimum 4' X 4' Grating Platform at Thief Hatch connected by walkway to stairs. Construction per API 650 Table 3-19 All nozzle orientations to be defined later
7/31/2013
TANKS
CLIENT: JOB:
DOC No
Sheet: of :
1 1
Revision:B
50 32
REF. P&ID: CODE: RX: HEAT TREATMENT: DESIGN PRESSURE INT.: CORROSION: AMBIENT TEMP
AO115-EPF-01-112A2
DESIGN DATA
API 650 Latest Edition Per API 650 Per API 650 2 PSIG @ 240 F 0.125" 32-120F
D N E
F
MATERIALS
SHELL: BOTTOM: ROOF: PIPES: FORGED: STUDS: NUTS: GASKETS: SUPPORTS: A-36 A-36 A-36 A53/A106 SMLS A-105 A193 Gr B7 Fluorocarbon Coated A194 2H Hvy Hex Nuts Fluorocarbon Coat'd Flexitallic CG or equal
K
M
G H
MH MH
MH
I
J
FITTINGS
LADDER: ROOF PROTECTION CLEANOUT Mark QTY A B C D E F G H I J K M N MH MH Fill Rate Empty Rate SIZE 8" 2" 10" 2" 2" 2" 2" 12" 4" 2" 2" 6" 36"x36" 24" Per API 650 Tables 3-20 and 3-21 Per API 650 LEVEL GAGE INSPECTION NOZZLE EMERGENCY NOZZLE SERVICE Thief Hatch Gas Blanket PVSV + Flame Arrestor (Contractor to Size) Inlet LSH TIT LIT LSL Outlet Drain Sample points Level Gauge Foam Manway Manway 45,000 BPD 45,000 BPD
NOZZLES
TYPE RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF Flush FF Series 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 Locate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 2 1 1 3
NOTES Platform to be provided as follows: Minimum 4' X 4' Grating Platform at Thief Hatch connected by walkway to stairs. Construction per API 650 Table 3-19 All nozzle orientations to be defined later
7/31/2013