Hormone Target Action Regulation Clinical

Thyroid
T3, T4 Nuclear Receptors of: TSH stims Hypothyroidism
Most tissues ↑ O2 consumption, heat (d/t ↑ metabolism) -Children-cretinism
-Adults-myxedema- fatigue, constipation,
Bone Marrow Erythropoeisis puffy face/hands, weight gain, m.
GI tract ↑ motility weakness (accumulation of GAGs)
Bone ↑ bone turnover Hyperthyroidism – Grave’s Dz goiter,
ophthalmopathy, palpitations, ↓ weight,
Cardiac Alters myosin isoenzymes heat intolerance
Parathyroid
PTH Bone ↑ bone resorption (↑Ca+2) Hypo-low blood Ca+2 can cause tetany
Kidney ↑ Ca+2 reabsorption, PO4-3 secretion Hyper-hypercalcemia and
hypophosphatemia
Intestine ↑ Ca+2absorption via Vit. D
Adrenal Cortex
Zona Glomerulosa- Maintain plasma volume via Na+ retention, K+ Renin-Angiotensin Hyper-1°/2° Aldosteronism-HTN d/t
Mineralocorticoids excretion system hypernatremia & ECF expansion; m.
weakness, fatigue d/t hyperkalemia
Hypo of aldosterone-1° Adrenocortical
Insufficiency (Addison’s Dz)-dehydration,
HTN, hyponatremia (Na+ wasting),
hyperkalemia (K+ retention)
Zona Fasciculata- ↑ gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, protein CRF-ACTH system Hyper-Cushings Dz-truncal obesity, moon
Glucocorticoids (Cortisol, catabolism, ↓ glycolysis, insulin use, facies, HTN, gonadal dysfxn
Hydrocortisone) ↓ immune, inflammatory response Hypo of cortisol-1° Adrenocortical
Gonadocorticoids Insufficiency (Addison’s Dz)- fatigue,
(androgens) hyperpigmentation, GI abnormalities
Glucocorticoids can impair immune fxn
Zona Reticularis- See above CRF-ACTH system CAH- ↓ response to ACTH→ ↑ androgens
Glucocorticoids, weak DHEA precursor for T (negligible in males) – female pseudohermaphroditism - Adrenal
androgens (DHEA) Androgen HyperS – hirsutism,
oligomenorrhea, acne, virilization of
females
Adrenal Medulla
Catecholamines (Norepi, Fight-or-flight response (↑HR, CO, BP, Resp. ACh ↑ exocytosis of Tumor (pheochromocytoma) may cause
Epi) rate, bronchiole dilation, vasoconstrict skin/gut, secretory granules sudden onset HTN, headache, sweating,
vasodilate heart, skeletal m.) palpitations, tachycardia
 Hormone Target Action Regulation Clinical
Sex Organs
Testosterone Testes Maintain spermatogenesis, male duct FSH stims Leydig cells –
morphology, accessory sex glands, 2° sex Activin and Inhibin from
characteristics testes regulates FSH
Estrogen Ovary ↑ FSH, LH receptors on follicle and theca cells
–primes follicular tissue for progesterone
Uterus ∆ SM cell length
Cervix Mucus watery, abundant - + for sperm
Oviduct Mucosa Promotes ciliogenesis and mitosis
Vagina Mucosa Epithelium thick, cornified, filled w/ glycogen
Progesterone Ovary Local levels modulate ovulation
Uterus Quiet SM cx (w/ relaxin)
Cervix Mucus thick, sparse - – for sperm
Oviduct Mucosa Stim secretory activity and SM cx
Vagina Mucosa Epithelium thin, sloughed cells nucleated