CGL Testing Transfomers

Index for Test Procedures.
315MVA Auto Transformer. Customer :- TATA STEEL-Jamshedpur. Date Rev. No 04/01/2011 0 Date 04/01/2011
Sr. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Voltage Ratio Test. Magnetic Balance Test. Vector group & Polarity Test.
Test Name
Page No. 2 3 4-5 6 7-8 9-10 11 12-14 15 16 17-18 19-20 21 22-23 24 25-26 27-28 29-30 31 32-33 34
Winding Resistance Measurement Insulation Resistance Measurement Measurement of Capacitance & Tan Delta Separate Source Applied Voltage Test No load loss & magnetizing current Measurement. Measurement of Harmonics of No Load Current Low Voltage Excitation Current measurement. Induced Over voltage Test With Partial Discharge Measurement Lightning Impulse Voltage Withstand Test Switching Impulse Voltage Withstand Test Measurement of Load Loss & Impedance Voltage Tests on On Load Tap Changer Temperature Rise Test Measurement of Zero Phase Sequence Impedance Measurement of Acoustic Noise Measurement of Cooler Loss Sweep Frequency Response Analysis Oil Leakage Test
Approved By :- B.D.Malpure
Checked By :- P.M.Zagade
Prepared By :- P.R.Patil
Transformer (T1) Division , Kanjur (E) , Mumbai 400 042 . Tel : 91-22-67558275 ; Fax : 91-22-67558422 Page 1 of 34
Test procedure for voltage ratio Measurement.

315MVA Auto Transformer. Customer :- TATA STEEL-Jamshedpur. Date Rev.No. 04/01/2011 0 Date 04/01/2011
1.
Purpose - To measure the voltage ratio of one winding to another associated with a lower or equal voltage. - To check that the deviation of the voltage ratio from the specified value does not exceed the limit given in the related transformer standard. Standard IS -2026-1977 (PART-I)-CLAUSE NO 16.3 Method The voltage ratio test is done phase by phase between the pairs of windings. Ratio is measured by using a ratio meter. 1 low voltage supply is given to HV windings with respective polarity from ratio meter & voltage induced on the corresponding phase of other winding (i.e low voltage winding) is brought to ratio meter. Ratio meter directly indicates the ratio of the particular tap connected .Similarly ratio is checked at all taps & all the phases. Measurement shall be done at principle tapping for all three phases in case of polyphase transformer. During ratio measurement phase angle error & correctness of polarity is also checked. Acceptance Criteria a) % Ratio Error : 0.5 % of declared ratio on all taps b) Phase Angle error: 0.5% radian (No positive phase angle error) % Ratio error (Deviation) = [(measured ratio calculated ratio) / calculated ratio] x 100 Calculated voltage ratio = HV winding voltage / LV winding voltage
2. 3.
4.
5. 6.
Instrument used
: Digital Ratio meter: (MAKE :TINSLEY, RAYTECH )
Connection Diagram
H+ L+ Single phase HV 230 volts supply LV LHRatiometer
Test procedure for Magnetic Balance Test.

315MVA Auto Transformer. Customer :- TATA STEEL-Jamshedpur. Date Rev.No. 0 04/01/2011 Date 04/01/2011
1) Purpose:To check the magnetic circuit. 2) Scope:This is a special test to check magnetic circuit. This test is applicable only for 3-Phase transformers and is conducted from star side only. U-Phase Vu=Supplied Voltage V1 V3 3) Connection Diagram:U phase Voltage measured between V-Phase V2 Vv=Supplied Voltage V2 W-Phase V3 V1 Vw=Supplied Voltage
Vu
Vw
Neutral
Vv V phase
W phase
Assuming supply is given Between U & Neutral Voltages measured are Vu, Vv & Vw for U,V &W phases respectively 4) Acceptance Criteria:1) When the Extreme phase excited : Centre Phase voltage should be 50 to 80% of applied voltage. 2) When the centre phase Excited : Extreme phase voltage should be 40 to 60% of applied Voltage.
Test procedure for vector group & Polarity.

1.
Purpose To check the phase displacement or connection symbol of the transformer & to check the Phase relationship between the instantaneous induced voltages in the primary and Secondary windings relative to the terminal markings.
2.
Standard IS -2026-1977 (PART-I)-CLAUSE NO 16.3
3.
Method a) The phase displacement or connection symbol of three phase transformers can be checked automatically with the Transformer Ratio Meter. b) Vector group is also checked with the help of voltage measurements as below
4.
Procedure:The Vector group YNa0d11 is confirmed in two stages, first the vector group of HV with Respect to IV is evaluated. Three phase supply is given to HV eg: 1U1-1V1-1W1.with 1U1 & 2U1 are shorted. The voltage between 1V1-2W1, 1W1-2V1, 1W1-2W1 & 1V1-2V1 are measured. Later the confirmation of vector group of HV with respect to LV is done, In this case a three phase supply is given to HV terminals i.e 1U1-1V1-1W1 and one terminal of HV is shorted with the corresponding terminal of LV i.e 1U1 & 3U1 shorted, then voltages are measured between different terminals 1V1-3V1, 1W1-3W1, 1V1-3W1, 1W1-3W1.The values so obtained Should satisfy that particular vector group. Since this test is carried out to establish the vector group and it depends on the available supply voltage, so theoretical values can not be given. Acceptance Criteria :1) YNa0:1W1-2W1=1V1-2V1, 1W1-2V1=1V1-2W1, 1W1-2V1>1W1-2W1, 1V1-2W1> 1V1-2V1
Test procedure for vector group & Polarity.

2) YNd11:1V1-3V1=1V1-3W1=1W1-3W1 1W1-3V1>1V1-3V1=1V1- 3W1=1W1-W1
5.
Instrument used 1. Digital Multimeter.(MAKE-Rishab)
Test procedure for Winding Resistance Measurement.

1.
2. 3.
Purpose - To measure the winding resistance & Calculation of I2R conductor losses. - To check faulty joints or breaks. - To check loose connection. Standard :-, IS -2026-1977 (PART-I)-CLAUSE NO 16.2
component of
Method The average oil temperature is taken as the mean of the top and bottom oil temperatures. The difference in temperature between the top and bottom oil shall be small. The resistances between all pairs of phase terminals of each transformer winding are measured using Digital Micro-ohm meter (Resistance meter).The measurement is performed for each connectable winding and for each tapping connection.
4.1 Calculation Of Full winding Resistance (FWR): 4.1.1 In case of star connected 3 phase winding Ru , Rv , Rw = Phase resistance of each phase in ohms. FWR(R) = (Ru+Rv+Rw)/3 * 3 in ohms 4.1.2 In case of Delta connected 3 phase winding Ru , Rv , Rw = Line to line resistance of each phase in ohms. FWR (R) = (Ru+Rv+Rw)/3 * 3*1.5 in ohms 4.2 Temperature Correction for Resistance:The winding resistance measurement is made at a temperature 1 and the measured value is R. Let m is the reference temperature and R has to be corrected to m by using the formula: ( Ohm ) R(m) = R {( 235 + m) / (235 + 1)} 5. Instrument used 2. Digital winding resistance meter for resistance measurement.(MAKE-TETEX, RAYTECH, PRESTIGE) 3. RTDs with temperature scanner for temperature measurement. (MAKERADIX) 6. Connection Diagram
Test procedure for Insulation Resistance Measurement.

315MVA Auto Transformer. Customer :- TATA STEEL-Jamshedpur. Date Rev. No 0 04/01/2011 Date 04/01/2011
1.
Purpose To determine the insulation resistance from individual windings to ground or between individual windings.
2.
Standard IS -2026-1977 (PART-I)-CLAUSE NO 16.6
3.
Method Insulation - resistance is measured using a Megger make megohmeter with voltage range 0.5 5.0 kV. PROCEDURE: 1. Measure top oil & bottom oil temperature for Average oil temp. 2. Connect or short all phase terminals (& neutral if applicable) of each winding (e.g. HV , LV , TV ) of the transformer independently. 3. Connect positive terminal of megger to winding to be tested with respect to ground or w.r.t other winding & connect negative terminal to ground or other winding to be tested. 4. Apply test voltage by starting the instrument. 5. Measure insulation resistance reading in mega-ohm after 10 sec. & 60 sec.& 600sec for polarization index. 6. Insulation Resistance will be measured between a) (HV+IV+N) / (LV+TANK+EARTH) b) LV / (HV +IV+N+TANK+EARTH) c) (HV+IV+N) / LV (TANK+EARTH) 7. Calculate the Polarization index (P.I) which is equal to ratio of Insulation resistance after 600 sec.to insulation resistance after 60 sec. Note that P.I value should be greater than or equal to 1.3
4.
Acceptance Criteria :
P.I (600Sec/60Sec) value should be greater than or equal to 1.3 Note : National & international standard do not specify accomplice norms for insulation resistance of transformers & reactors.
Test procedure for Insulation Resistance Measurement.

315MVA Auto Transformer. Customer :- TATA STEEL-Jamshedpur. Date Rev. No. 0 04/01/2011 Date 04/01/2011
5.
Instrument used 1. Digital insulation resistance meter (Megger) with time measurement.(MAKEMEGGER) 2. RTDs with temperature scanner for temperature measurement. (MAKERADIX)
6.
Connection Diagram
For Ex : (HV+IV+N) / LV (TANK+EARTH) Combination
Test procedure for Capacitance & Tan Delta Measurement.

1.
Purpose :-
a) To check the tan delta and capacitance of the transformer & bushings. b) For comparison with field measurements in order to assess the probable condition of the insulation when good judgement is used. 2. Methods Capacitance and Tan is measured by DOBLE INSTRUMENTS which directly give capacitance & tan delta with voltage range from 0.5 to 12 kV and frequency of 50Hz. Capacitance and insulation power factor (Tan ) measurements are made of windings to ground , between windings. 2.1 PROCEDURE for Windings & bushings: 1. Measure top oil & bottom oil temperature for Average oil temp. 2. Connect or short all phase terminals (& neutral if available) of each winding (e.g.HV, LV, TV) of the transformer independently. 3. Connect HV arm cable of instrument to winding to be tested (or bushings to be tested) & LV arm cable to other winding or earth (or test tap of the bushing to be tested). 4. Record the readings of capacitance & tan delta. 5. Repeat the test for different combinations.
3 Acceptance Criteria : a) Capacitance: Record purpose only. b) Tan Delta of winding @ 20C = 0.5% Max. c) Tan Delta of bushings = 0.5% Max. Tan Delta @ 20C = Tan Delta @ Ambient temp / K Where K = 0.6428 x e (0.0222 x Amb.Temp.) 4. Instrument used 1. DOBLE & SHIVANANDA make Capacitance & tan delta measurement kit. 2. Radix make RTDs with temperature scanner for temperature measurement.
Test procedure for Capacitance & Tan Delta Measurement.

5.
Connection Diagram For Ex : (HV+IV+N)/LV (TANK +EARTH) Combination ( Star-Delta transformer)
Test procedure for Separate Source Applied Voltage Test.

1.
Purpose To verify the power frequency (AC) withstand strength of the line and neutral Terminals and their connected windings to earth and other windings.
2. 3.
Standard
Test as per Clause no. 10 of IS-2026 (PART-III)-1981.
Method The separate source voltage test is made with a single phase alternating voltage as nearly as possible to the sinewave form and of any convenient frequency not less than 80 % of the rated frequency. The peak value of voltage is measured. The peak value divided by 2 shall be equal to the test voltage value. The test is commenced at a voltage not greater than one third of the specified test value and the voltage is increased to the test value as rapidly as is consistent with measurement . At the end of the test, the voltage is reduced rapidly to less than one-third of the test value before switching off. The full test voltage is applied for 60 s between the winding under test and all terminals of the remaining windings, core, frame and tank or casing of the transformer, connected together to earth. Instrument used 1. Voltage Divider with peak voltmeter for voltage measurement. 2. Stopwatch for time measurement. Connection Diagram For Ex : Winding to be tested : (HV+IV+N) / (TV+E) Untested winding : TV
4. 5.
Test procedure for No load loss & magnetizing current Measurement.

1.
Purpose a) To check guaranteed losses & % of excitation current. b) Interturn short in winding can be noticed in this test. c) Performance of the core material.
2. . 3.
Reference Standard Method
IS -2026-1977 (PART-I)-CLAUSE NO 16.5
The no-load loss and no-load current shall be measured on one of the windings at rated frequency and at a voltage corresponding to rated voltage since the test is performed on the principal tapping. The remaining winding or windings shall be left open-circuited and any windings which can be connected in open delta shall have delta closed. A symmetrical and sinusoidal voltage is applied across the terminals and adjusted according to a voltmeter responsive to mean value of voltage but scaled to read the r.m.s voltage of a sinusoidal wave having the same mean value. The reading of this voltmeter is U. At the same time, a voltmeter responsive to the r.m.s value of voltage shall be connected in parallel with the mean-value voltmeter and its indicated Voltage is U. 4. PROCEDURE: 1) Connect three phase supply low voltage winding or tertiary winding terminals in case of three winding transformers keep all terminals of remaining windings open. 2) Ensure the tap position of the transformer under test should be at normal tap. 3) Test is said to be passed if the voltage applied is withstood by the transformer & the measured no-load losses, excitation current at specified voltage are within the guaranteed parameters. 4) Repeat the test for different %90, 100%,110% of rated voltage of LV Winding. 5) On load tap changer is to be operated for one cycle at rated voltage.

5.
No load loss correction factor The no-load loss P0 is : P0 = Pm = ( W1 + W2 + W3 ) and the no-load loss current is : Iavg = I0 = ( I1 + I2 + I3 ) / 3 in [ A ] in [ kW ]
If the voltage indicated by both voltmeters is not the same, the no-load loss is corrected by : Or P0 = Pm / (P1+K*P2) Where K = ( U / U ) in [ kW ]
Where : P0 = corrected no-load loss Pm = measured no-load loss U = mean voltage reading U = r.m.s voltage reading P1 = ratio of hysteresis losses to total iron losses 0.5 for oriented steel P2 = ratio of eddy current losses to total iron losses 0.5 for oriented steel % Excitation current = Avg Excitation current measured / Rated current of excited winding x 100 6. Tolerances (If only tolerance is specified) No-load loss P0 : + 10 % of guaranteed value, provided that the tolerances for total losses is not exceeded.
No-load current I0 : + 30 % of guaranteed value 7. Instrument used 1. Yokogawa Power analyzer for measurement of Voltage, current, frequency, power & harmonics. 2. PT (Potential transformer) for step-down of voltage applied for voltage measurement purpose. 3. CT (Current transformer) for step-down of current circulated for current measurement purpose.
Approved By :- B.D.Malpure Checked By :- P.M.Zagade Prepared By :- P.R.Patil

8.
Connection Diagram
Test procedure for Harmonics of no load Current.

1) Ref Standard:Test as per clause no. 16.13 of IS-2026(PART-I)-1977. 2) PURPOSE:To Measure hormonics of no load current. 3) PROCEDURE:The harmonics of the no load current in all the phases are measured by means of harmonic analyzer and the magnitude of the harmonics is expressed as a percentage of the fundamental component. 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th & 11th harmonics of no load current at 100% of rated voltage shall be measured. 4) Connection Diagram:Same as the No Load Loss test.
Test procedure for Low Voltage Excitation Current.

Purpose:To measure the excitation current at 415v in order to cross check the results at site before commissioning. Procedure:3 phase 415V, 50Hz supply is given to low voltage winding. Other windings are kept open. Excitation current is measured by using clamp meter or multimeter of supplied winding. Connection Diagram:- Same as no load loss test.
Test procedure for Induced Over voltage test with Partial Discharge Measurement.
1.
Purpose
This test is intended to verify the power frequency voltage withstand strength of the line terminal to earth & other windings & the withstand strength between the phases & along the winding under test 2. Standard IS -2026-1981 (PART-III)-CLAUSE NO 11.4 3. Procedure :1. An alternating voltage shall be applied to the terminals of one winding of the transformer. The form of the voltage shall be as nearly as possible sinusoidal & its frequency shall be sufficiently above the rated frequency to avoid excessive magnetizing current during the test. 2. The peak value of the induced test voltage shall be measured. The peak value divided by 2 shall be equal to the test value. 3. The test shall be commenced at a voltage not greater than 1/3rd of the test value & the voltage shall be increased to the test value as rapidly as is consistent with measurement. At the end of the test the voltage shall be reduced rapidly to less than 1/3rd of the test value before switching off. The neutral terminal of the winding under test shall be earthed.For other separate windings, if they are star connected, they shall be earthed at neutral and if they are delta connected ,they shall be earthed at one of the terminals. Time sequence for application of test voltage is as given in diagram. The voltage shall be switched on at a level not more than one-third of U1, raised to U1, held for 5 minutes, raised to U2, held there for 5 seconds, immediately reduced without interruption to U1, held there for a duration of 30 minutes, and reduced to a value of one third of U1 before switching off. During the whole application of the test voltage , partial discharge shall be measured. The voltage to earth shall be : U1 = 3 Um / 3 and U2 = 1.5 Um / 3 with q=500pC or U2= 1.3 Um / 3 with q=300pC. Transformer will be excited phase by phase.Measurement will be done phase by phase
KV 5 sec
U2
U1
5 min
30 min
TIME Checked By :- P.M.Zagade
Test procedure for Induced Over voltage test with Partial Discharge Measurement.
5.
6.
Instrument used 1. Analog peak voltmeter. 2. PT for measurement of voltage. 3. LEMKE make PD meter with PD calibrator. Connection Diagram:-
1 .1 3 .1 2 .1 s u p p ly
P .D .M e te r 3 .2
TEST TAP
P .D .M e te r
Test procedure for Lightning Impulse Test

1.
Purpose This test is intended to verify the impulse voltage withstand capacity of each winding to earth & other.
2.
Standard IS -2026-1981 (PART-III)-CLAUSE NO 12
3.
Method This test is carried out to ascertain withstand capability of the insulation system with respect to lightning impulse waveform that is a standard wave of wave shape 1.2/50 s. The transformer is subjected to 1.2(+/-30%) / 50(+/-20%) s impulse voltage. The voltage applied,is a function of the insulation level in accordance with IS2026-1977. Each phase terminal is impulsed with negative polarity while the other two phases are earthed through current shunt in case of delta connected winding or earthed directly in case of star connected winding & neutral is earthed through current shunt for current measurement in case of star connected winding.The remaining terminals are to be earthed during the test. Standard requirements for impulse test are as below :Parameters IS2026-1977-PARTIII 1.2 Sec +/- 30% Tol Front time (T1) 50 Sec +/- 20% Tol Tail Time (T2) +/- 3% BIL (kV) Sequence of application of impulses are as follows For impulse test as per IS:1. One reduced impulse 50 to 75% 2. Three full wave (100% BIL +/- 3%)
4.
Instrument used : a. High volt or Hafely make impulse generator with impulse analyzer. b. High-volt or Hafely make impulse voltage divider for voltage measurement. c. Current shunts
Checked By :- P.M.Zagade Prepared By :- P.R.Patil
Test procedure for Lightning Impulse Test

5.
Connection Diagram
For Ex. : Impulse test on HV
Test procedure for Switching Impulse Voltage Withstand Test

1. REF. STANDARD Test will be carried as per clause no. 14 of IS-2026 (PART III) 1981 2. PURPOSE This test is carried out to ascertain the withstand capability of the insulation system with respect to the switching impulse voltage. 3. PROCEDURE The transformer is subjected to switching impulse voltage the voltage applied, is a function of the insulation level in accordance with IS2026. During the test, the transformer is connected as shown. Each phase terminal is impulsed with negative polarity . The applied voltage waveforms are taken on HIGH VOLT MAKE IMPULSE ANALYSER. The transformer is subjected to the following impulses. 1. One reduced full wave 2. Three 100% full waves. Test shall be conducted on all the phases of HV windings. During the test considerable flux is developed in the magnetic circuit. In order to avoid core saturation, after every negative polarity shots two 50% positive polarity impulses shall be applied. 4. Instrument used : d. High volt or Hafely make impulse generator with impulse analyzer. e. High-volt or Hafely make impulse voltage divider for voltage measurement. 5. Connection Diagram:-
Test procedure for Load Loss & impedance measurement

1.
Purpose To check guaranteed load losses & % impedance.
2.
Standard Test as per clause no. 16.4 of IS-2026 (PART-I)-1977.
3.
PROCEDURE: 1. Measure top oil & bottom oil temperature for Average oil temp & record. 2. Measurement is done by applying three phase voltage to HV terminals at power frequency & LV being short-circuited. The impedance voltage applied & the rated current passed are measured on power analyzer. Measurement of load loss is done by three wattmeter method. The load loss includes a. IR loss in the winding and. b. Stray losses in the transformer. 3. Measurement will be done at principle , maximum & minimum tap for losses & % impedance voltage. Note that each measurement shall be performed quickly & intervals between them shall be small enough to ensure that temp. rised do not cause significant errors. 4. The measured values of load loss & impedance shall be corrected to Rated Base MVA & reference temp. As given below. 5. Test is said to be passed if the measured load loss , % impedance are within the guaranteed parameters. 6. On load tap changer is to be operated for 10 tap change operation in +/- 2 steps at rated current.
Load loss correction to 75C as follows Calculate IR loss @ 75C for HV & LV windings. I = Respective winding rated current R = Resistance value at 75C taken from resistance readings. Total IR loss @ 75C = HV IR loss @ 75C + LV IR loss @ 75C Total IR loss @ tC = ( 235 + t ) / ( 235+75) x Total IR loss @ 75C Total measured loss @ tC = Addition of three wattmeter readings. Total measured loss @ tC at rated current = (Rated current / measured current) x Total measured loss @ tC.
Approved By :- B.D.Malpure Checked By :- P.M.Zagade Prepared By :- P.R.Patil
Test procedure for Load Loss & impedance measurement

Stray loss @ tC = Total measured loss @ tC at rated current - Total IR loss @ tC Stray loss @ 75C = ( 235 + t ) / ( 235 +75 ) x Stray loss @ tC Load loss @ 75C = Total IR loss @ 75C + Stray loss @ 75C % Impedance @ tC = (Impedance voltage at rated current / Rated voltage) x 100 Impedance voltage at rated current = (Rated current / measured current) x measured impedance voltage @ tC. 4. Instrument used 1. Power analyzer for measurement of Voltage, current, frequency, power. 2. PT (Potential transformer) for voltage measurement purpose. 3. CT (Current transformer) for current measurement purpose. 4. RTDs for measurement of temperature Connection Diagram
5.
Test procedure for Tests on On Load Tap Changer.

1) Ref. Standard :Tests on OLTC shall be carried out as per Clause no. 19.6 of IS-2026 (Part-I)-1977. 2) Purpose:To check the operations & capability of OLTC. 3) Procedure:A) Operation Tests:After the tap changer is fully assembled on the transformer, the transformer manufacturer shall perform the following tests (with exception of (b) ) at 100% of the rated auxiliary supply voltage. These tests shall be performed without failure. a) Eight complete operating cycles with transformer not energized. b) One complete operating cycle with the transformer not energized, with 85% of the rated auxiliary supply voltage. c) One complete operating cycle with the transformer energized at rated voltage and frequency at no load. (During No Load Loss Test). d) Ten tap-change operations with 2 steps on either side of the principle tapping (i.e. normal tap) with as far as possible the rated current of the transformer with one winding short-circuited. (During Load Loss Test).
Test procedure for Temperature Rise Test.

1) PURPOSE
The temperature of the oil & winding of a transformer loaded continuously with a certain power tends to take on value at which a balance is created between the heat generated due to losses and the heat dissipated by the cooling arrangement. This temperature, which depends on the load as well as the surrounding temperature, should not exceed a certain prescribed value. Hence to check these values, this test is performed.
2) REF. STANDARD
Test will be carried out as per IS-2026 (PART II)-1977.
3) PROCEDURE
To determine the temperature rise of oil and winding, the transformer is connected similar to load loss test and total losses (i.e. no load loss + load loss) or 80% of total losses or 90% of rated current are supplied to it. They are converted into heat that must be dissipated by the cooling arrangement as per clause 4.7 of IS: 2026 (Part-II). Readings of the top oil, cooler top and bottom and the ambient temperature (location for ambient temperature measurement shall be agreed during the test) are recorded at one hour intervals. The test is continued till the top oil rise is stabilized. If the top oil rise is less than one degree for four consecutive readings, it is taken to be stabilised.Then the rated current is circulated for one hour. Immediately, after that shut down is taken and the resistances of HV &/or LV winding is measured at regular time intervals of about half a minute. These values are then plotted on a graph versus time to determine the resistance values at instant of shut down, by extrapolation. The final temperature rise of winding is determined from the resistance values at the instant of shut down. Temperature rise test will be carried out at minimum tap position where the losses are maximum. Same sequence is repeated for all cooling mode.
4) Acceptance Criteria:Temperature for oil rise & Winding rise should not exceed the guaranteed values.
Test procedure for Temperature Rise Test.

5) CONNECTION DIAGRAM :
Instrument Used :1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)
Yokogawa Power Analyzer. Current transformers for current measurement Potential Transformers for voltage measurement RTDs Temperature Scanner. Resistance meter for hot winding resistance measurement.
Test procedure for Zero Phase Sequence Impedance Test

1.
Purpose To measure the zero phase sequence impedance.
2.
Standard Test as per clause no. 16.10 of IS-2026 (PART-I)-1977.
3.
Procedure The zero sequence impedance is measured at rated frequency between the line terminals of star connected or zig-zag connected winding connected together and its neutral terminal A) Current which is compatible to the current rating of the neutral is circulated between the line and neutral of the star connected winding. B) This current and voltage are measured. The percentage zero phase sequence impedance is calculated by the following formula. 2 % ZPS = (3V/I) x KVA/10(kV) Different combinations are as follows. A) For Ynao Transformers 1) The voltage shall be supplied between shorted HV line terminals & N and IV winding all line terminals kept open & TV is earthed. 2) The voltage shall be supplied between shorted HV line terminals & N and IV winding line terminals are shorted to respective neutral with TV winding Earthed. 3) The voltage shall be supplied between shorted IV line terminals & N and HV winding all Line terminals kept open. 4) The voltage shall be supplied between shorted IV line terminals & N and HV winding all line terminals shorted to neutral.
4. Instrument Used :1) Yokogawa power analyzer. 2) Current transformer for current measurement 3) Potential Transformer for Voltage Measurement.
Test procedure for Zero Phase Sequence Impedance Test

5. Connection Diagram:e.g. Supply given between shorted HV line terminals & N With IV Line Terminals Open & TV earthed
Test procedure for Acoustic noise Measurement Test.

1.
Purpose a) To measure acoustic noise level test. b) To verify if the transformer sound level shall not exceed the guaranteed value given in the NEMA specifications or limit as agreed in P.O.
2.
Ref. Standard As per NEMA std TR-1 & IS 2026 (Part-1) clause no. 16.12.
3.
Procedure Three sets of reading shall be taken one under ONAN condition and another under ONAF/ODAF condition. After checking the layout of the transformer, the prime radiating surface shall be drawn. The measurement surface shall be drawn with points at a distance of 0.3m for ONAN, 2m for ONAF/ ODAF. Measuring positions shall be approximately equally spaced and not more than 1m apart with minimum 10 readings along the measuring surface. Measurement shall be made by sound pressure level measurement Sound pressure level measurement A-weighted sound pressure level shall be measured by this method. Fast response indication of the meter shall be used. The background sound level shall be measured when the transformer is not energized. After this, the transformer shall be energized at 100% of rated voltage and the sound pressure level shall be measured at the positions mentioned earlier. The sound pressure level shall be calculated as -
1 LpA = 10 log10 N
where :
10
0.1 L pAi
LpA
= A - weighted surface sound pressure level in dBA (ref. - 20Pa)
= A - weighted sound pressure level at ith measuring position corrected for background noise N = Total number of measuring points k = Environmental correction factor.
LpAi
Test procedure for Acoustic noise Measurement Test.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF HYPOTHETICAL TRANSFORMER TO SHOW MEASURING POINTS

Measuring points Cable box
Principal radiating surface
Transformer Tank
Tap changer
x
Vertical forced air
x = 0.3m for ONAN cooling, 2m for ONAF/ ODAF. d = 1m (minimum) Equipment used: Sound level meter Make: LUTRON, Taiwan Acceptance Criteria: Average of the Measured Noise readings<= Guaranteed Value
Test procedure for cooler loss Measurement.

1. REF. STANDARD Test will be as per clause no. 16.14 of IS-2026 (PART-I)-1977. 2. PURPOSE This is a special test to measure the losses due to the auxiliary equipments such as fans, pumps. 3. PROCEDURE : Three wattmeter method is used to measure the power taken by fans & Pumps. Three phase supply shall be applied to all the regular fans & pumps. Proper direction of rotation shall be ensured before measuring the power taken by fans.
Test procedure for Sweep Frequency Response Analysis.

PURPOSE This test is used for the condition monitoring of the Power Transformer during its service condition. The waveform signatures taken at manufactures end form the fingerprints for the further analysis. SFRA (Doble M5100) measurement set is used for this test. Following measurements are done at frequency bandwidth of 100 kHz to 10MHz. 1) Series winding each phase @ Normal tap 2) Common winding each phase @ Normal tap 3) Tertiary winding each phase. 4) HV winding each phase with common winding shorted. 5) Common winding each phase with tertiary winding shorted. 6) Series winding each phase with tertiary winding shorted. 3. Test Connections No. Of tests: Eighteen tests for the Auto Transformer with Tertiary Three Common winding tests; Three Series winding tests; Three Tertiary winding tests; Six Interwinding tests.
Series Winding Tests
Test procedure for Sweep Frequency Response Analysis.

Common Winding Tests
LV Winding Tests
Test procedure for Oil Leakage.

1. PURPOSE To check the oil tightness of the transformer. 2. Ref. Standard:Test will be carried as per CBIP Clause No. 17.3.1. 3. PROCEDURE All oil-filled compartments shall be tested for oil tightness by completely filling with oil of a viscosity not greater than that of insulating oil conforming at the ambient temperature and applying a pressure as per design & specifications & measured at the base of the tank. This pressure shall be maintained for a period of not less than 12 hours for oil, during which time no leakage shall occur. 4. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA:No Leakage Shall Occur.

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Index for Test Procedures.

Test procedure for voltage ratio Measurement.

: Digital Ratio meter: (MAKE :TINSLEY, RAYTECH )

H+ L+ Single phase HV 230 volts supply LV LHRatiometer

Test procedure for Magnetic Balance Test.

Test procedure for vector group & Polarity.

Standard IS -2026-1977 (PART-I)-CLAUSE NO 16.3

Test procedure for vector group & Polarity.

2) YNd11:1V1-3V1=1V1-3W1=1W1-3W1 1W1-3V1>1V1-3V1=1V1- 3W1=1W1-W1

Instrument used 1. Digital Multimeter.(MAKE-Rishab)

Test procedure for Winding Resistance Measurement.

Test procedure for Insulation Resistance Measurement.

Standard IS -2026-1977 (PART-I)-CLAUSE NO 16.6

Test procedure for Insulation Resistance Measurement.

For Ex : (HV+IV+N) / LV (TANK+EARTH) Combination

Test procedure for Capacitance & Tan Delta Measurement.

Test procedure for Capacitance & Tan Delta Measurement.

Connection Diagram For Ex : (HV+IV+N)/LV (TANK +EARTH) Combination ( Star-Delta transformer)

Test procedure for Separate Source Applied Voltage Test.

Test as per Clause no. 10 of IS-2026 (PART-III)-1981.

Test procedure for No load loss & magnetizing current Measurement.

Reference Standard Method

IS -2026-1977 (PART-I)-CLAUSE NO 16.5

Test procedure for No load loss & magnetizing current Measurement.

Test procedure for No load loss & magnetizing current Measurement.

Test procedure for Harmonics of no load Current.

Test procedure for Low Voltage Excitation Current.

TIME Checked By :- P.M.Zagade

Test procedure for Lightning Impulse Test

Standard IS -2026-1981 (PART-III)-CLAUSE NO 12

Test procedure for Lightning Impulse Test

For Ex. : Impulse test on HV

Test procedure for Switching Impulse Voltage Withstand Test

Test procedure for Load Loss & impedance measurement

Purpose To check guaranteed load losses & % impedance.

Standard Test as per clause no. 16.4 of IS-2026 (PART-I)-1977.

Test procedure for Load Loss & impedance measurement

Test procedure for Tests on On Load Tap Changer.

Test procedure for Temperature Rise Test.

Test procedure for Temperature Rise Test.

Instrument Used :1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Test procedure for Zero Phase Sequence Impedance Test

Purpose To measure the zero phase sequence impedance.

Standard Test as per clause no. 16.10 of IS-2026 (PART-I)-1977.

Test procedure for Zero Phase Sequence Impedance Test

Test procedure for Acoustic noise Measurement Test.

= A - weighted surface sound pressure level in dBA (ref. - 20Pa)

Test procedure for Acoustic noise Measurement Test.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF HYPOTHETICAL TRANSFORMER TO SHOW MEASURING POINTS

Principal radiating surface

Test procedure for cooler loss Measurement.

Test procedure for Sweep Frequency Response Analysis.

Series Winding Tests

Test procedure for Sweep Frequency Response Analysis.

Common Winding Tests

Test procedure for Oil Leakage.

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