Chapter 25: Modal Analysis with Glued Contact

Modal Analysis with

25 Glued Contact


Summary 448

Introduction 449

Requested Solutions 449

FEM Solutions 449

Modeling Tips 454

Input File(s) 454

Video 454
448 MD Demonstration Problems
CHAPTER 25

Summary
Title Chapter 25: Modal Analysis with Glued Contact
Contact features • Glued Contact between two bodies with dissimilar meshes
• Stress Free Projection
• Contact tolerance bias factor = 0.0
Geometry • Shroud outside diameter = 0.46 m t
• Hub diameter = 0.26 m
• Width = 0.12 m
d2 d1
• Shroud thickness = 0.02 m

Material properties 9
E = 210 10 Pa ,  = 0.3 ,  = 7850kg  m 3
Linear elastic material
Analysis type Modal analysis using SOL 103
Boundary conditions • Free-Free
• Glued contact between vanes and shroud
Applied loads None
Element type • 8-node hexahedral elements
• 10-node tetrahedral elements
FE results Natural frequencies and mode shapes

Mode Shape 7 @ 1,130 Hz Mode Shape 8 @ 1,131 Hz

Mode Shape 9 @ 1,168 Hz Mode Shape 10 @1,774 Hz

 CHAPTER 25 449
Modal Analysis with Glued Contact

Introduction
The shrouded vanes shown in Figure 25-1, consisting of twelve vanes with a central hub and an outer shroud, uses
contact to join dissimilar meshes during a modal analysis. The hub and vanes contain higher-order tetrahedral elements
while the shroud has linear hexahedral elements. The glued contact parameters preclude separation after initial contact
and change the original coordinates of the nodes in contact to insure stress free contact between the dissimilar meshes.

Figure 25-1 Shrouded Vanes Model

Requested Solutions
The modal analysis assumes free-free boundary conditions and returns ten natural frequencies and their associated
mode shapes of which the lowest six correspond to rigid body motion.

FEM Solutions
An eigenvalue analysis has been performed with MD Nastran’s SOL 103 for the element mesh shown in Figure 25-2.
The vanes and the hub are modeled using higher order tetrahedral elements while the shroud is modeled using linear
hexahedral elements. Contact body ID 1 is identified as all the elements making the vanes and hub whereas contact
body ID 2 is identified as the elements making the shroud respectively as:
BCBODY 1 3D DEFORM 1 0
BSURF 1 10000 10001 10002 10003 10004 10005 10006
...

and
BCBODY 2 3D DEFORM 2 0
BSURF 2 100000 100001 100002 100003 100004 100005 100006
...
450 MD Demonstration Problems
CHAPTER 25

Figure 25-2 FEA Mesh for the Shrouded Vanes Model

The BCTABLE entries shown below identify that these bodies are glued to each other:
BCTABLE 0 1
SLAVE 2 0. 0. 0. 0. 1
1 1 0
MASTERS 1
BCTABLE 1 1
SLAVE 2 0. 0. 0. 0. 1
1 1 0
MASTERS 1

The BCTABLE option shows that contact body ID 2, the shroud, has been selected as the touching body, the SLAVE,
whereas contact body ID 1, the vanes, has been selected as the touched body, the MASTERS. This selection is due to
the fact the average element size for the vanes in the contact area is slightly larger than that of the shroud as shown in
Figure 25-3. The IGLUE parameter of the BCTABLE option activates the glue option. The JGLUE parameter is turned
off to ensure that no nodes separate once in contact. Additionally, the ICOORD parameter is turned on to modify the
coordinates of the nodes in contact to ensure stress-free initial contact.
The BCPARA entries activate the quadratic contact option and indicate that a bias factor of 0 (actually a small nonzero
number of 1 x 10-16) has been selected:
BCPARA 0 NBODIES 2 MAXENT 13824 MAXNOD 18348
IBSEP 2 BIAS 1.-16
 CHAPTER 25 451
Modal Analysis with Glued Contact

Figure 25-3 Relative Element Size Between the Shroud and Vanes in the Contact Area

The vanes and the shroud are both modeled using the same material. The material properties are isotropic and elastic
with Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and density defined as
$ Referenced Material Records
$ Material Record : inner_mat
$ Description of Material :
MAT1 1 2.1+11 .3 7.85+3
$ Material Record : outer_mat
$ Description of Material :
MAT1 2 2.1+11 .3 7.85+3

The Lanczos procedure is selected for the real eigenvalue problem using the METHOD and EIGRL entries in which ten
modes are desired:
METHOD=13
...
EIGRL,13,,,10

The obtained modes are listed in Table 25-1. The first six modes are rigid body modes. Mode shapes 7 to 10 are shown
in Figure 25-4.

Table 25-1 Obtained Modes and Frequencies

Mode Frequency (Hz)
1 6.911939E-04
2 6.290693E-04
3 4.908829E-04
4 4.434468E-04
5 2.943299E-04
6 7.051053E-05
452 MD Demonstration Problems
CHAPTER 25

Table 25-1 Obtained Modes and Frequencies (continued)

Mode Frequency (Hz)
7 1.130332E+03
8 1.131441E+03
9 1.168441E+03
10 1.774218E+03

Mode Shape 7 @ 1,130 Hz Mode Shape 8 @ 1,131 Hz

Mode Shape 9 @ 1,168 Hz Mode Shape 10 @1,774 Hz

Figure 25-4 Mode Shapes and Corresponding Frequencies

 CHAPTER 25 453
Modal Analysis with Glued Contact

To check the efficacy of gluing dissimilar messes on natural frequencies, Test 53 (Selected Benchmarks for Natural
Frequency Analysis, Abbassian, F, Dawswell, D J, and Knowles, N C, NAFEMS Ref R0015, 1987) was performed on
glued mesh below.

Title Simply-Supported Solid Annular Plate, Axisymmetric Vibration

Contact features Glued Contact between two bodies with dissimilar meshes
Stress Free Projection
Geometry and Mesh

Geometry A θ
R
A

o
Z α = 10

4.2 m
0.6 m

1.6 m

Gluing
Surface
Mesh

Material properties 9
E = 200 10 Pa ,  = 0.3 ,  = 8000kg  m 3
Linear elastic material
Analysis type Modal analysis using SOL 103
Boundary conditions u = 0 for all nodes on axial planes of symmetry. u z = 0 along section AA
Element type 10-node tetrahedral elements, 20-node hexahedral elements
FE results
fref = 18.583 Hz fref = 140.15 Hz fref = 224.16 Hz
fMD = 18.666 Hz fMD = 140.03 Hz fMD = 224.56 Hz

z z r

R R R
Flexural Flexural Extensional
Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3

fref = 358.29 Hz fref = 629.19 Hz

fMD = 362.71 Hz fMD = 658.97 Hz

z z

R R

Flexural Flexural
Mode 4 Mode 5
454 MD Demonstration Problems
CHAPTER 25

Modeling Tips
Glued contact with no separation ensures that nodes do not separate once in contact. Stress-free initial contact modifies
the coordinates of the nodes in contact to close any gaps between the two bodies. Quadratic contact allows midside
nodes to participate in the glued contact. Insuring that the dissimilar meshes join properly requires there are no
artificial stresses induced by nodes slightly off the contact surface, and the displacement field is completely continuous
across the contact surface.
This technique of “gluing” dissimilar meshes together facilitates faster model building by not requiring the meshes to
be contiguous across all nodes. Furthermore, as in this application example, joining different element types assists
modeling flexibility.

Input File(s)
File Description
nug_25_1.dat Linear Hexahedral and Parabolic Tetrahedral Elements
nug_25_2.dat Glued Annular Plates NAFEMS Test #53

Video
Click on the image or caption below to view a streaming video of this problem; it lasts approximately two minutes and
explains how the steps are performed.

Figure 25-5 Video of the Above Steps