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An Introduction to OSPF
Protocol

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Some Basic Concepts of OSPF

Protoco l
Router ID
A 32bit signless round number is the only
identification of a router, and this is unique
in the entire autonomous system.

Number of the Protocol

The number of OSPF Protocol is 89.
IP Header
(Protocol # 89)

PSPF Packet

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The Topological Structure of the Network

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Described by OSPF through the Link Status

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Process of Route Calculating

by OSPF

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The 5 Types of OSPF Packets

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HELLO Packet,finding and keeping adjacency relati

electing DR and BDR.
DD Packet,describing the local LSDB's conditions.
LSR Packet, applying to the remote port for LSAs n
owned by this port or renewed by the remote port.
LSU Packet, renewing LSAs to the remote port.
LSAck Packet, confirming receipt of LSUs.

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OSPF Neighbor State

Machine

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Adjacency Relation Set-Up

Process between Two Routers

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DR(Designated Router)
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NBMA and Point-to-Multipoint

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OSPF Area Division

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Interarea Route Calculation

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Backbone Areas and Virtual

Connection

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External Communication
with the Autonomous System

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STUB Areas and Route Convergence

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LSA Classification
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Router-LSA is created by each router. It describes the link status and overhead of the router and
transfers themto the whole area.
Network-LSA is created by DR. It describes the link status of the local stub network and transfers it
to the whole area.
Net-Summary-LSA is created by ABR. It describes the routes of a certain stub network inside the
area and transfers themto the related area.
Asbr-Summary-LSA is created by ABR. It describes the routes to ASBR and transfers them to the
related area.
AS-External-LSA is created by ASBR. It describes the routes to the outside of AS and transfers them
to the whole AS (except the STUB area).

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Interface Classification and

Router Classfication

According to different link layer m e d ia, the O S P F

protocol is divided into the following 4 types of
networks: Broadcast, NBM A , Point-to-Point and
Point-to-M u ltipoint
According to the different roles played in the
autonomous system, routers can be divided into:
IA R , A B R , B B R a n d A S B R
According to the different types, the status of an
interface that runs the OSPF protocol can be divided
into: D R , B D R , D R O t h e r a n d p o i n t -dattaocomm.
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Why OSPF Is Loop-Free?

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Each LSA (Link Status Broadcast) has marked out

the creator (marked with the Router ID of the router
that creates the LSA). The rest routers only take
charge of transmission. In such a way, there will be
no change or misunderstanding to the messages in th
course of transmission.
The route algorithm is SPF. The calculation result is
tree and the routes are the leaf nodes. From the root
node to the leaf nodes is a unidirectional
and
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When to Run the OSPF

Protocol

Scale of network
There are more than 10 routers in the network; Middle- or large-scale network.

T o p o lo g y s t r u c t u r e o f n e t w o r k
The topology structure of network is the form of a mesh and each two random routers have the demand
for connection.

O ther special dem a n d s

It requires the routes to be able to converge very quickly when in change and the overhead of the own
network of the route protocol to be as low as possible.

Demands on the router itself

In running the OSPF protocol, there are certain demands on the processing capability of the CPU of the
router and on the size of memory. The routers with a poor performance is not recommended to run the
OSPF protocol.

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Configure the OSPF

Protocol-Divide the Area

Basic principles for area division

Divide according to geographical areas or
administrative regions
Divide according to the high end routers of the
network
Divide according to the law of IP address

Some restrictive conditions

Scale of the area
Connectivity to the backbone area
ABR processing capability
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The Basic Configuration for

Starting the OSPF Protocol

Configure the Router ID of the router

Quidway(config)#router id A.B.C.D
Start the OSPF Protocol
Quidway(config)#router ospf
Configure the OSPF Area
Quidway(config-router)#network address
wildcard-mask area area-id
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STUB Area, Route

Convergence and Virtual
Links

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Run the OSPF in the NBM A

Network

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Display the Running Status

of OSPF
show ip ospf
show ip ospf error
show ip ospf interface
show ip ospf neighbor
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Display the Debugging

Information of the OSPF

debug ip ospf event

debug ip ospf lsa
debug ip ospf packet
debup ip ospf spf
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O S P F Trouble Shooting
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If the OSPF does not run properly, check

according to the
following steps:
Configuration troubleshooting
First check whether the OSPF Protocol has been started and configured properly

Local area troubleshooting

Check whether the protocol between two
directly connected routers runs properly.
Global area troubleshooting
Consider from the aspect of the network topology structure and check whether the
area is properly configured

Other hard questions

To act according to the practical situations.

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Faults between the

Neighboring Routers

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Errors in Area Division

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Other Possible Faults

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