BUS STATION ECONOMIC GROWTH

A SUMMER INTERN PROJECT REPORT Submitted by

S.Mahaboob Basha
Roll No: R081165

S. Farhana Banu
Roll No: R082515

B.V.S.Hari priya
Roll No: R081305

T.Santhamma
Roll No: R082437 in partial fulfillment of Summer Internship for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

RGUKT RK Valley CAMPUS Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT) RK Valley, Kadapa (Dist) , Andhra Pradesh

July, 2013 ANDHRA PRADESH STATE ROAD TRANSPORT CORPORATION (APSRTC) Sanjiv nagar gate, near new bus stand, Nandyal.

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the summer internship project report Bus Station Economic Growth is the bonafide work of , B.V.S.Hari Priya, Roll No: R081305, T.Santhamma, Roll No: R082437, S.Farhana Banu, Roll No: R082515, and S.Mahaboob Basha, Roll No: R081165 3 rd Year B.Tech in RGUKT Valley Campus of Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT), Andhra Pradesh carried out under my supervision during 29-04-2013 to 22-06-2013. RK

Place Date

Signature of the Supervisor

P.P. HUSSAIN SAHEB,M.Com Depot Manager A.P.S.R.T.C

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my gratitude to all the people behind the screen who helped me to transform an idea into a real application.

I would like to express my heart-left gratitude to my parents without whom I would not have been privileged to achieve and fulfill my dreams. I am grateful to our vice chancellor Prof. R. RAJ KUMAR M.Tech, PhD Who most ably run the university and has had the major hand in enabling me to do my project.

I profoundly thank Mr. A. NAVEEN KRISHNA M.Tech head of the department of Mechanical Engineering who has been an excellent guide and also a great source of inspiration to my work.

I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. P.P.Hussain Saheb M.com Depot manager of Nandhyal for providing this great opportunity to do the internship. I would like to thank my internal guide L. Deepti Sujana Asst..manager for her guidance, constant encouragement and support in carrying out my project. I would like to express my gratitude to Mr.B.Venkat Rao office superendent of Nandhyal depot for providing this great opportunity to do the internship.

I would like to thank my branch coordinator-------------------------------------for his/her guidance, constant encouragement and support in carrying out my project.

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of the task would be great but incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible with their constant guidance and encouragement crowns all the efforts with success.

List of Tables
Table1: Special Hire Buses Table2: Personal Management Table3: Concession cards

Page No
16 18 30

List of Figures
Fig1: Pallevelugu Bus Fig2: Express Bus Fig3: Deluxe Bus Fig4: Super Luxury Fig5: Garuda Bus Fig6: Indra bus Fig7: Vennela Bus and Inside the bus 13 13 14 14 15 15 16

LIST OF SYMBOLS, ABBREVATIONS AND NOMENCLATURE

A.P.S.R.T.C = Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation STAR = Statistical and Ticket Accountable Record TIM = Ticket Issue Machine

OPRS = Online Passenger Reservation System EPK = Earnings per Kilometer EPB = Earnings per Bus CPB = Cost Per Bus KMPL = Kilometer per Liter MPB = Margin cost Per Bus OR = Occupancy Ratio ANL = Alloy Nitride Limited Bus Stop = A bus stop is a designated place where buses stop for passengers to board or leave a bus. Bus station = A bus station is a structure where city or intercity buses stop to pick up and drop off
passengers.

Bus Depot = A bus depot is a building where buses are stored and maintained.

SI UNITS
Some of the SI units for dimensional quantities as follow

The SI Prefixes
Quantity Name Symbol M

Length Mass Time Area

Meter Kilogram Second Square

Kg S M2

ABSTRACT
At present widely using service provided by government of Andhra pradesh is APSRTC (Andhra pradesh State Road Transport Corporation) .So it is necessary to know each and every wing of this system. Every citizen should have basic idea about sections and sub sections about this system. Nowadays we are observing that this system is incurring losses due to so many factors. So It is very necessary to find out drawbacks of this system and every employee should give his best (in terms of work)to develop this system economically. APSRTC is providing different types of offers and concession cards to the passengers. So if we utilize these cards effectively we will get benefited and system also gets benefited economically. APSRTC is will have mainly three sub sections. Each of them have their own importance. Bus station (traffic section) is the main one of them. Bus station also contain some

other sub sections. APSRTC is also able to get income from the stalls provided at bus station. Some part of the depot computerized Depot Computerization Program (DCP). But it is necessary to computerize all the APSRTC system to reduce the paper work. Paper work will consume some time and also it costs. If we computerize it costs only one time but it works effectively than the paper work. Restrictions and required instructions should be taken to develop the system economically. Public also not giving required support to the APSRTC. They are travelling through private vehicles which cause lot of financial loss to the system. APSRTC is providing insurance to the passengers if any irregularity happened to the passenger. So we have possibility to get financial support from government if we met with any accidents. Journey in private vehicles wont give this type of facility. APSRTC is providing automobiles for hire also. People can make use of this opportunity .Totally APSRTC is the best system to do journeys. Awareness should be done by advertisements and some other activities to increase the income of the APSRTC.

CONTENTS Title Page Certificate by the Supervisor Acknowledgement List of Tables 1 2 3 4

List of Figures List of Symbols, Abbrevations and Nomenclature ABSTRACT CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. General 1.2. Facilities 1.3. Functions 1.4. Benefits 1.5. Scope CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. General 2.2. Research works carried 2.2.1 Traffic Section (Bus Station) 2.2.1.1 Personal Management 2.2.1.2 Reservation Counter 2.2.1.3 Online Passenger Reservation Counter 2.2.1.4 Card issuing counter 2.2.1.5 Control Point 2.2.1.6 Weight Machines 2.2.1.7 Stalls 2.2.1.8 Advertisement Section 2.2.1.9 ANL Parcel Service 2.2.2 Administrative Section

4 5 6 7 9

11

2.2.2.1 Account Section 2.2.2.2 Earning Section 2.2.2.3 Computer Section 2.2.2.4 Office Section 2.2.3 Maintenance Section CHAPTER3 IMPROVEMENTS TOTHE EXISTING SYSTEM 3.1. General 3.2. Advanced CHAPTER4 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF SYSTEM 4.1. Advantages 4.2. Limitations CHAPTER 5 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED 5.1. Computerization 5.2. TIM Software CHAPTER 6 RESULTS CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 45 45 45 43 41 40

CHAPTERS CHAPTER: 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1.General : APSRTC Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation is a big service. APSRTC is working for public in the society. The main objective of this APSRTC is to transport the goods and people to reach their destination with least price and with guaranty of safety. If anybody wants to develop some section or system, first of all they should know each and every part of it. So that we can identify the draw backs and suggest remedy to improve it further. For this reason first we should study each and every part which will affect the economic growth of the bus station. Generally public have an idea that APSRTC means only bus station, but this is wrong. There are so many sections regarding to the transportation by road. Bus station is only apart from it. Mainly we have 3 Sections in APSRTC. 1). Administrative Section 2). Bus Station (Traffic Section) 3). Maintenance Section These Sections will work individually, but these sections are interrelated. The main role is played by administrative section. Mainly administration will work under the deport manager. Deport manager is a higher place of authority in a depot. So all activities will be govern and done under the guidance of D.M.

1.2.FACILITIES: In the Bus Station passengers have many facilities like flat forms for checking the timings of the buses and name of the places to reach their destination. And also having chairs while the passengers are waiting for the bus, it also provide mineral water facility to the passengers and other facilities like Hotels, Food Stalls, Book Stalls, weighing machines, helping service, lodges for resting purpose, TVs for adds, ATM, reservation counter, recharge counter, passes like Navya , Vanitha, and Vihari cards are provided for the concession in the bus fare, bath rooms, Control point is to giving information to the passengers about leaving of the busses in the bus station. Shramics are available for lifting luggage of the passengers on the top of the bus and also helping to the drivers for changing the bus tires. Vehicle parking also provided for employees

and also passengers who are having long journey. Above all facilities are provided by the APSRTC to the passengers in the bus station. 1.3. FUNCTIONS: The main function of the bus station is to provide pure water to the passenger. Control point has given correct information about leaving of the bus, taking signs of the driver and conductor of each bus come to the bus station and also sending the buses in the correct timings why because if one bus is leaving the bus station just before 5min of the another bus to the same root then control point have to take the responsibility of sending the another bus after 15min for maintaining Occupancy Ratio .In Stalls items should be sold to the passengers according to the M.R.P rates on the items. Reservation counter should be available 24hrs to the passengers, bath room s, rest rooms, bus station surroundings and plat forms should be clean by the allotted workers in each day. Busses should be stay in correct order according to their plat forms. Police helping service has to take immediate action according to the information given by the people. 1.4. BENEFITS: Passengers has so many facilities by the bus station such as reaching the correct destination and if any accidents are occur then APSRTC giving some money for that incident to the people who are suffered from that accident. Navya, Vihari and Vanitha cards are also benefit if any accidents are occur to the passenger by the means of providing insurance to them and concession is also present in the bus fare, it only benefit when we use that card properly . And also providing plat form numbers and timings is the easy way for passengers to verifying their destination names who are educated and it is benefit to only educated persons. Not only educated persons but also the person who are not educated there is a control point to give information to them. Spare busses also provided to persons who are needed for their safe journey. A handicap has benefit by the means of facilitating 50% of concession in their bus charge and escort facility also there for only blind people. 1.5. SCOPE: The scope of this document is to increase the earnings, Occupancy Ratio of the APSRTC and also attract the people by giving better services and facilities.

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW Purpose:

The main purpose of selected area is to develop the Bus Station Economically. The main aim of this topic is to increase income of the APSRTC. To increase the income of the bus station required guidelines should be taken. Mainly APSRTC is able to get income from the transportation of the people and goods to required destination. We have some limitations in this system so we should take care of these issues to increase the income of the bus station. It is possible only by improving facilities and APSRTC buses. APSRTC should conduct some activities to create awareness among the people who are opting private vehicles for their daily journey. APSRTC try to attract the passengers by its effective services and special offers provided by the management. Special care should be taken on OR, EPK and CPB which are the main aspects for increasing the income of the bus station.

2.1 General:
Generally public have an idea that APSRTC means only bus station, but this is wrong. There are so many sections regarding to the transportation by road. Bus station is only a part of it. Mainly we have 3 Sections in APSRTC. 1). Bus Station (Traffic Section) 2). Administrative Section 3). Maintenance Section. These Sections will work individually, but these sections are interrelated.

2.2 Research Works Carried

2.2.1 Bus Station (Traffic Section): Bus station is the main part in APSRTC. All the buses are going to operate in this section. In this section we have so many subsections. Each and every subsection has its own role in the economic growth of bus station. The main sub sections in the bus station are:-

2.2.1.1 Personal management 2.2.1.2 Reservation counter 2.2.1.3 Online passenger reservation system 2.2.1.4 Card issuing counter 2.2.1.5 Control point 2.2.1.6 Weight machines 2.2.1.7 Stalls 2.2.1.8 Advertisements sections 2.2.1.9 ANL parcel services
2.2.1.10

Cloak rooms

2.2.1.11Rest rooms
2.2.1.12 2.2.1.13

Lodges Mineral water facility

2.2.1.1 Personal Management:There are mainly two resources present in APSRTC. They are manpower and buses. These two resources are the backbone of APSRTC. In manpower section we have so many types of persons such as drivers, conductors, workers, mechanics, supervisors, high level officers, checking squads. All of the above officers are allocated by depot managers guidance. Supervisors are again of different levels. They are allocated as supervisors, Jr. Assistant, Sr. Assistant, deputy super indent, super indent. All of these categories are differ in their duties. Another resource is buses. There are mainly five types of buses are present in Nandhyal depot. They are ordinary (pallevelugu), Express, Deluxe, Superlunary and Indra (AC) buses. These buses provide different facilities for passengers and have different fares to travel from one place to another place. The EPK, CPB, KMPL and capacity are different for different type of buses. The capacity of buses will vary with the routes they are given to the particular bus. The capacity for ordinary bus is 59 and EPK for this bus is Rs35-00/-. Similarly the capacity of express bus is 49 and EPK should be Rs 41-00/- for deluxe bus capacity is 39 and EPK is Rs 3700/-and for super luxury buses capacity is 35 and EPK is Rs 38-00/-. There are mainly two types of bus services available for the passengers. They are 1) city services 2) District services. Initially the city buses very primarily called ordinary buses with green and dark

green shades. In the year 1994 a new kind of buses with dark blue and white colour scheme called the Metro liners were introduced in Hyderabad similar kind were introduced in Visakhapatnam under the name of City Liners these were instant hit but the passengers had to pay higher for the services which had fewer stops.APSRTC then introduced Metro Express buses whose charges were in between that of the ordinary and the Metro liners. After 2002 National Games Veera buses are used for Hyderabad Local Transport. Then came few AC buses called SeethalaHamsa's. Apart from the city services there are intercity and interstate services operated by the APSRTC. Different type of intercity, district, and village services are:

Pallevelugu:

Pallevelugu are the new avtar of the old Red Bus. The color scheme is predominantly Dark Green over White. Usually connects the villages to nearby towns. The below figure shows the Pallevelugu bus which are running on present days. This bus contains 59 seats and bus fare also less which is comfortable to the normal passengers. In this type of bus passenger can travel with vanita, cat, student bus passes concession cards will be valid.

Figure 1 Pallevelugu Bus Express:

Similar to the Express service before but in new White and Sky Blue Stripes. In this type of service vanita, cat concessions are valid. These buses take less time to leave the passengers to their destination place. Usually operated as a service between the towns and also
for connecting the towns with the cities. Initially the color scheme was Creamish Yellow and

Brown, then changed to white and Greyish Blue and now White and Sky Blue. These buses have a better 3+2 seating arrangement the seats supporting head.

Figure 2 Express Bus

Deluxe :

Previously known Luxury buses have been named as Deluxe. Can be seen in different color patterns but mostly in Purple and white combination.

Figure 3 Deluxe bus Super Luxury :

Most popular non-AC service between towns and cities and vice versa. Usually in a single predominant color with black windows. The color is usually Pink, light Green, Blue, Orange.

Figure 4 Super Luxury

Garuda : When the Swedish Auto major Volvo entered the South Indian Market with its B7R (Volvo 9400) buses APSRTC was among the few operators who have brought the Volvo B7R buses. They have named the bus Services as Garuda. These buses are very fast, comfortable and safe. People have patronized these services even at a higher ticket costs. APSRTC is operating Garudas between major cities in the state and to cities in the neighboring states like Bangalore; Mumbai.APSRTC introduced the multiaxle Mercedes-Benz buses in 2011 called the Garuda Plus, having blue and

beige livery.

Figure 5 Garuda Bus

Sapthagiri:
These buses in Blue and White colors are seen in the holy towns of Tirupathi and Tirumala for the benefit of piligrims visiting the Lord Venkateshwara Swami temple in Tirumala. Majority of

buses ply between Tirupathi and Tirumala and are Ghat eligible. Some of these buses connect Tirumala directly with Chennai, Bangalore and Chittoor.

Indra:
APSRTC has introduced 18 air-conditioned Leyland vehicles christened Indra' for people who wish to travel air-conditioned buses at affordable fares. The plan is to purchase a total of 100 buses in coming time. To begin with, these buses would be run on Hyderabad-Vijayawada, Hyderabad-Karimnagar,Hyderabad-Warangal, Hyderabad-Visakhapatnam, HyderabadMahabubnagar, Hyderabad-Kadapa and other routes.

Figure 6 Indra bus

Vennela:
In early 2012 APSRTC has introduced AC sleeper services named Vennela. These are 2 tier 24 berths Isuzu make buses connecting distant cities where passenger can travel with sleeping comfort.

Figure 7 Vennela Bus and inside the bus

The below table show the details about hire buses, no. of seats available in those buses and charge per kilometer: -

Type of Bus Ordinary Express Super Luxury Deluxe

No. of Seats 59 49 35 39
Table 1: Special Hire Buses

Per Kilometer 35/41/38/37/-

There are special classes to have hire buses from the depot with the specified and given instructions. For special events we will get hire buses based on kilometers. Advance 25% should be paid before having the bus for hire. We should give some basic terms to regarding bus station such as EPK and CPB etc.

a) EPK (Earnings Per Kilometer) :-

The main objective of any bus station is to increase EPK. If we increase this by some special methods then we can see development in bus station. But unfortunately we cant have specified EPK of the buses. If we travel in buses if something will happen to us then we will get insurance from the government. But if we travel in private buses we wont get any type of support from them. This EPK is affected by so many factors such as private vehicles as autos and bands called by political leaders. Due to this private vehicles and buses EPK of RTC buses is reducing drastically. Even though the journey in the autos is danger one people preferring it due to some reasons. We have bus for only certain specified times. But we may not have that much patience to wait for the bus. But bus journey is safe journey rather than in private vehicles. Nowadays people are trying to realize the difference between APSRTC buses and private vehicles. But even in some rural and forest areas people preferring for private vehicles. Our APSRTC is also trying t stimulate the public with different advertisements, slogans and with some other schemes. People should realize that APSRTC is providing buses with trained crew such as well trained driver and conductor and with required facilities such as television and A.C facility in some buses. Another thing people should know that concessions in travelling is provided by APSRTC. So many people dont know how many buses are running by APSRTC government. And also they dont know how to get concession in their fare to travel from one place to another place. So this will become our duty to tell them how they will get concession in their journey fare even for also long distances by performing some programs. Now I will explain an example that many of us dont know about this facility which is providing by APSRTC. For example if we take a ticket of 50/- and give 500/- note to the conductor, if he/she doesnt have change to that amount he/she will write the change on backside of the ticket. Suppose if we forget to take change from the conductor and went to home then we will loose our money. Instead of this if we go to the concerned depot and if we show our ticket and tell them about our problem they will check all details, if our details are correct then we will get out money. This wont happen in private vehicles. So APSRTC is best, safe and useful to the passengers to travel from one place to another place.

To increase EPK of a depot first we should realize the stops and places where the people really have need of bus. So that we can run our bus on those routes and we can have specified EPK. In our depot general EPK at maximum w can achieve is 25/- rupees. But for special hire buses we can get maximum of 35/- EPK. The main aim of each and every employee of APSRTC is to increase EPK by applying different methods. Earnings EPK = -------------------------------Kilometer b) CPB (Cost Per Bus) :Cost per Bus is mainly important in maintenance section. Because all the parts of buses to exchange if any damage will occur to the bus and daily fuel activities will be maintained in this section. Cost Per Bus will explain about the cost that is paid for the fuel and for other some activities. We have to reduce it so that we can increase the income of APSRTC. Cost Per Bus mainly contain wear and tear parts price and fuel. All of these will be reduce if we maintain our automobile carefully. We have to take special care to about the vehicles to reduce the cost per bus. Now government has increase the fuel diesel rate to 1.10/- per liter. So CPB will definitely increase to the APSRTC buses. So APSRTC has to take special care about CPB. The below table show the classification of personal management:Buses Ordinary Express Deluxe Super luxury Indra (A.C) Man power Conductors Drivers Sramis Mechanics Supervisors High level officers Checking squads Table 2: Personal Management(Resources)

All the employees of manpower work under guidance of Depot Manager. Here increments and decrements in their salary and job position will be done. Depend on the work done by the employees. Checking squads have right to check the duties of the crew and to check the ticket issue system. If any irregularity is found they will take action against crew and to the passengers also. There may be punishments such as fine and decrement in salary. High level officers will give guidance of work to the lower level officers. They will play main role in recruitment of employees. After D.M post next higher position is regional manager (RM). Under RM all depots will be come. He will maintain all the depots. For three districts one Executive Director will be appointed. He has right to take action on each and every depot in three particular districts. We have direct recruitment to the Depot Manager post. If we have degree and qualify the OUT test then we will be recruited as Depot Manager. Most of the positions in APSRTC will be get by only experience. c) KMPL (Kilometer Per Liter): KMPL is distance traveled by the automobile per 1 liter of fuel. It should be as large as possible. To maintain high KMPL automobile should be drive in power point position. Power point is a position at accelerate to maintain certain speed and to reduce the fuel usage. So each and every driver of APSRTC is instructed by higher officers to drive the automobile in power point position. KMPL will affect the economic growth of a bus station. So that every employee should work hard to get high value of it. The age of bus also affect the KMPL. So we should replace required parts for the buses to increase the KMPL. Sometimes routes (which are not good) also affect the KMPL. If KMPL of an automobile is not at desired level CPB of an automobile will increase. If CPB increase automatically EPK will decrease. So KMPL has direct affect on EPK. EPK will affect the total income of APSRTC. To increase EPK, APSRTC is introducing different types of methods such as incentives for the drivers and conductors. If a driver maintain certain EPK after the satisfactory level he will get incentive amount to his excellence in his work. Incentives are not only for drivers and conductors. Each and every employee will get incentive if they will show some good effort in his duty. So KMPL is the main factor which will affect the economic growth of APSRTC.

Kilometers travel by bus KMPL = --------------------------------------------Liters if petrol consumed by bus

d) OR (Occupancy Ratio): Occupancy Ratio indicates the number of seats occupied by the passengers. If OR increase EPK will increase automatically. To increase the OR of a particular bus Bunching should be maintained. Bunching means if a bus started travelling to certain route, another bus has to be waited for some time in the bus station at its specified pattern to increase the OR of a bus. Bunching should maintain for each and every route to increase OR in a particular bus. EPK*100 OR = -----------------------------------------------------------Average seating capacity * Average fare

e) MPB (Marginal cost Per Bus): It will define income as bus. MPB = EPB CPB

f) EPB (Earnings Per Bus): EPB will also affect the income of APSRTC. EPB is the net amount of income which is earn by automobiles. Each and every citizen should aware of these basic terms to gain basic knowledge of APSRTC. Now APSRTC has become major part of society. Each and every person should be aware of jobs, bus facilities and concessions provided by the APSRTC.

In previous report we observed that different category in bus station and how they are performing to develop and to provide services to the public. We briefly explained about the personal management. The resources and their part in APSRTC had explained as a flow chart. We sub parts in the man power. We explained their duties, qualifications and further duties in the previous report. So finally we got a brief idea about personal management system and resources at the bus station. After that we explained some basic terms such as EPK, CPR, KMPL and OR etc. How these terms affect the financial growth of bus station for example if KMPL increases CPR will decreases. If CPB decreases automatically there will be increment in economics of APSRTC. Even if OR increases we have increment in economic development of bus station. The main relation between different terms and economic growth are if KMPL increases we have safe side in terms of finance. So KMPL graph should be always in peak point. Similarly OR also have some relation with the financial development. If OR increment in economic growth. So we came to know that to increase KMPL we should drive the automobile in power point position. So up to now we obtain the knowledge about basic things of personal management. Now we will see a brief idea about reservation system.

2.2.1.2 Reservation Counter:Reservation counter will have sub parts such as bus passes issuing system and OPRS (Online Passenger Reservation System). Now we can see in briefly about sub systems. APSRTC is providing so many types of concession cards to the public for their journey. These concession cards are differ by income of the family and type of ration card. Reservation counter plays major role in increasing OR of the APSRTC. Generally the reservation is done by the special system that is Online Passenger Reservation System. This OPRS pay major role in reservation system. Generally these OPRS is maintained by some private system by Tenders. A general notification will be issued by APSRTC to take the opportunity to perform the OPRS system in specified depot.

OPRS similarly work as modem connecting at a system. Actual intention of OPRS is to provide the facilities like ticket issue on Any-Where to Any-Where basis. That private company should invest some amount to do the OPRS, after that it will get specified amount from APSRTC. After using a ticket some percentage goes to the private company and some other percentage goes to APSRTC. OPRS will provide comfortable journey to the passenger. If we gone through the APSRTC bus station online site (www.apsrtc.gov.in). We will observe different types of information about the bus tickets, concession cards and timing of the buses. To book a ticket to any sage first we should login into the website. So first we should do registration with required data. So first we should do registration with required data. After that further details will be displayed to the passenger. 2.2.1.3 OPRS (Online Passenger Reservation System):Booking facility through web interface is provided at various Reservation Centers that facilitates ticket issue on 'Any-where to Any-where basis'. The Online Passenger Reservation System (OPRS) is implemented at 117 Bus Stations throughout the Corporation with about 6000 services and 1600 ATB Agents (500 Pre-printed + 1100 Paper ticket). We have two types of logins in OPRS. 1. Employee login 2. Passenger login interface Employee login is related to the staff. Staff will register the online tickets with some concession. Passenger login is to book the online tickets for passengers. They will choose required buses and seats according to the bus timings and their travel time by the OPRS (Online Passenger Reservation System). Some information will be stored in the website. The information regarding tickets, root maps, states, bus schedules, available sheets and other details will be provided to the public. If we want cancel the reservation w will have refundable process. If we intimate before four hours we will have the facility to the get the full amount by refundable process. The amount refundable depends on the time of reservation cancellation. If we want to reserve the tickets that will be done by three types of agencies. 1. Authorized agencies

2. Bus station counters 3. E-ticketing (Online ticket booking) 4. IVRS Ticketing and allowing SMS also as a valid travel document. OPRS will have authorized agents to do reservation system. Employees will do the reservation at reservation counter. If we want any information about the busses and schedules we will get it through the specified agents. To register the E-tickets we should login with our specified ids. To get ids of reservation we have to register in reservation page. This OPRS system is providing various payment options like Credit Card, Debit Cards, and Net Banking for e-ticketing. Paper Less Travel Passengers can travel showing the ticket SMS instead of carrying Hardcopy. This is an APSRTC initiative to encourage the "GO GREEN" concept. Wait listing option for all types of buses First of its kind in STUs across India. Passengers can having the facility to order the food they like from the menu while booking the tickets itself. Customer can connect through social media like Face book/twitter. These are all maintaining by the dedicated team and reply to customer queries. Live chat to address the problems for online customers. Benefits to passengers from OPRS: 1. Ability to book tickets sitting at home using Credit/Debit Cards & Net Banking. 2. Passengers can book tickets anywhere to anywhere. 3. Passengers have the ability to pay the amount for their reservation either in the form of cash or credit card. 4. APSRTC will provide facility to the reservation passengers of avail value added services like accommodation and Dinner on Board etc. 5. For passengers information available on fingerprints. 6. They have option to purchase waitlisted tickets. 7. Pre printed tickets with white paper based tickets and allowing SMS also as a valid travel document. 8. Customers have facility to call the call center by toll free numbers.

9. All STUs are established to handle the customer grievances through a centralized system. 2.2.1.4 Card issuing counter:APSRTC is providing so many facilities to the passengers for their safe journey. In those facilities concession cards is more important and very useful to the passengers to travel from one place to another place. These concession cards provide different type of facilities to the passengers like concession in the ticket fare and also insurance etc. If any passenger caught by any road accident and lost their life their family will get insurance according to the type of card which they have. In bus station there is one separate concession cards issuing counter will be available for the passengers to get their desired cards. These concession cards will be more useful for daily passengers, students and employees etc. Many of us dont know the uses of concession cards and some facilities from those cards. For example if we take a family of five members they dont know anything about these cards. They think that everyone need to buy cat card for the fare which APSRTC has already fixed. But APSRTC is providing a facility of that if any one member in family purchase cat card for the actual fare the rest of the family members will get cat card for some decrement in the amount of the original amount. From one card we will get maximum of five cards by the concession of amount. Many of us dont know one major and useful thing about the Vanita concession cards. This vanita card is a family card. This card will be issued to the card holder by attaching their family member photos. If whole family is travelling from one place to another place it will be very useful for them. If two members of family want to travel to two different places this card will be helpful for one person only. But APSRTC is providing a special feature of making individual cards of vanita by paying some amount to them at where you had purchase that vanita card. Now every on e can travel by their vanita cards and get their concession in their fare. This facility is more useful to the passengers in their journey. These concession cards are helpful for the students who dont have the facility of bus passes. Physically and mentally challenged and disabled persons can have concession with different set of cards. They will get 50% concession in their bus fare with these cards. Blind,

dumb, deaf, mentally challenged and other physical handicapped persons can make use of these cards. For blind people APSRTC is providing Escort facility. Escort facility will give an opportunity to travel with a blind passenger. For a blind passenger another person should help to reach his destination quickly and safely. So Escort facility will allow another person to travel with him with 50% concession in bus fare. But this facility is applicable to only 100% blind persons only. All these type of people should come and apply for the concession cards at bus depot. Administrative section will issue these cards to the physically challenged people. But they should register for every month at the same office. A small form should be filled for the sake of personal details of the card holder. For this two passport size photos required. Other process will be done by APSRTC officers. Types of Concession Cards:1. Navya-Cat Card 2. Vanita Card 3. Vihari Card 4. Season Tickets 5. Student Passes 6. Physically Challenged People Passes

1. NAVYA-CAT CARD:Generally these cards are well known as car cards. These cards are very useful to the passengers who are travelling every day for their day to day work. It is mainly useful for job holders and formers when travel through buses to reach markets with their crops such as vegetables in specified quantity. Some labors may travel through buses to do their labor work. The person who vendor here and there for their day to day work these cards are very useful for them. In this type of cards Navya cards are one type of cards. This card will give 10% concession in bus fare and also provide insurance. If any irregularity happened to the passenger this insurance can be claimed to the family members of the passengers.

Generally this card cost is RS 250/-. It valid up to on year to the passenger. To get this card we have fill our details in the application form and have pay the cost of that card. After this one year we should renewal this card with RS 150/-. Insurance offered to this card is RS 1,75,000-00/-. If other family members want to take this card they can get it by paying 100/-with one year validity. Insurance claimed will be up to 2 lakh rupees. By using these cards only one person can travel at a time, a group of members cant travel by one card. Those who want to travel for long distances they mostly prefer these cards. We can get this Navya cat card from any bus station concession card issuing counter by filling our details in the application form and by paying the money for that card. 2. VANITA CARD:Vanita card is a family concession card. This card is applicable to total family members with maximum number of five. They can utilize the APSRTC service with concession in their bus fare. Only Express and Ordinary (Pallevelugu) buses will give concession in bus fare to the passenger. To get a new vanita card we have pay RS 100/- to them. After having one card other family members will get concession and with low price than the original price. Insurance also claimed to the passenger if any irregularity happens to them. Insurance is provided up to 2lakh for each and every family member. This card validity is up to 2years. After two years renewal can be done with low price than original price. Whole family members will get 10% of concession in their bus fare. With this type of cards each and every poor, illiterate and employees can be benefited. Mainly the persons who work in long distances from their home town, and merchants also can get benefited. People should notice one thing that APSRTC services are very good and comfortable to every passenger. May other private services cant provide these types of facilities. People should utilize and get benefit financially. If we utilize APSRTC services effectively in two ways public will be benefited. In one way we can increase the income of APSRTC which is a government system. In other way people will be benefited. So we will have comfortable, safest and happy journey in APSRTC buses.

3. VIHARI-CARD:This card is useful to the person who wants to travel seasonally. For example if we want to invite our friends and relatives to a marriage this concession card will be useful. This card is very useful to the persons who are travelling for their issues such as marriage, interviews and some other programs. This vihari card will be allowed in other states without AC buses. Actually it costs 500/-. Its validity is only one week. In one week we can travel in any APSRTC bus with 50% concession in his bus fare. Insurance also provided by APSRTC. If any irregularity happened to the passenger. The insurance provided to the passenger is up to 1, 75,000. To get this vihari card we should give our details and photographs. These cards will be available at bus stops. So it is better to the people who have to travel here and there in whole state. But we can travel other states have also but only in non AC buses are allowed. But we should utilize it. So many people dont know the services provided by the APSRTC. So APSRTC also should do some required announcements and advertisements explain about their services. Vihari card to somewhat useful to the persons who want to go for picnics and holydays. But it should be long journey otherwise the passenger can incur the loss. So basic knowledge at concession cards is required to each and every person who want to utilize the services of APSRTC. Vihari Card tariff is Rs 500/- fixed. Validity for Vihari Card is seven days in all intra and interstate (Non A/C) services except A/C services of APSRTC. The card holder is entitled for 50% concession in all the type of services permitted buses during the validity period. Reservation of ticket is allowed at bus station and ATB counters in advance. There is no separate card for children. 50% concession on the applicable ticket fare (for adults) shall be given to the Vihari Card holder. The cancellation of Vihari card will be allowed on surrendering the card at the place of purchase before 00:00hrs of the day prior to the day of the commencement of the validity of the card duly deducing 25% of the card value i.e. to refund 375/- only. Existing concession rules can be applied for concession of the tickets booked on the strength of vihari card. The card can be purchased before one weak.

These are several other types of cards which are provided by APSRTC to the public. These cards will be helpful to different types at persons based on which type of journey they have to do in certain time. As we explained vihari card is very useful to the persons who have to travel here and there in whole state within a week. They will get 50% concession in their bus fare but they should pay 500/- to get this facility. Similarly Vanitha and Navya Cat cards are present. All these concession cards will provide concession bus fare and also provide insurance (financial support) if any irregularity happened to the passenger. Vanitha cards validity for 2 years with 10% concession in their bus fare. APSRTC is providing facility to get individual cards to all family members with fewer amounts than original after having the first card with the original price. Renewal of each and every concession card also done with very low price than the original price. Even in some rural areas people dont know about these facilities APSRTC. Up to now we discussed 3 types of cards, they are Navya Cat cards, Vanitha family card and vihari card. Other types of cards and their uses will be discussed now. Season tickets and student passes and some other passes will be discussed now. It is very important to notice that APSRTC is providing concession in bus fares to the persons who should travel for the state of in services, scouts etc. Some many teenagers don t know about these services. APSRTC also providing concession in bus fare to the aids patients because they should travel have and there for their treatment. Because we may not have required surgeon and hospitals with required facilities to the patient. So they should travel whole country for their treatment. They will get concession from APSRTC. Additionally APSRTC in providing concession in bus fare to Ex. MLAs, MPs and freedom fighters also. Particularly students we have special passes for their education careers, physically handicapped persons also eligible to get concession in bus fare. Concession to them provided based on their present situation. Situation means financial (They should have white ration card to get handicapped pass), type of weakness such as dumb, deaf, blind and etc. All these detail will be collected at APSRTC office after verification they will provide passes to the passengers. They will get 50% concession in their bus fare. Blind people can make use of escort facility. But it is applicable to 100% blind people only. There are many facilities provided by APSRTC but due to lack of awareness so many

people are unable to take these passes. If they utilize these services they will benefitted financially so that they will save their money and travel their journey safely. So all the passengers should utilize these services of APSRTC. 4. Season passes: These season passes are very useful to the persons who travel through APSRTC buses due to some particular reasons. These season passes are very useful but we wont have any concession our bus fare. To make use of these passes we should travel each day in the given duration. Otherwise passenger may inure loss with these passes. To get these passes we should pay the amount to 20 days with the original cost of bus fare. But we can travel whole month with this pass. That means we can travel and utilize the services of APSRTC 30 days with the fare of 20 days. It is very useful to the persons such as daily merchants and passengers who travel in buses for some specified period. Sundays and other holidays also included in the passes, if they are in the given period. If we exclude the Sundays we will get profit of only 6 days. So to utilize it effectively we should make use of it in Sundays also. Other days than Sundays we will go for our daily work. On Sundays we will make use of it for our required reasons. The students who travel daily for their coaching centers other than college working days, they can get these passes. Mainly it is very useful to the daily labors and daily merchants. But these passes are very special for the particular route only. We should travel only in this specified route. In other roots this pass wont be useful. We have facility to get different passes for express and ordinary with less difference in the amount to be paid. Sometimes we will travel through express buses with the ordinary bus pass. But we should pay extra 5 rupees for each journey. In identity card will be given to the passengers with the season pass. While traveling some APSRTC staff may ask about this identity card. So passengers should carry this card with him always. Particularly checking squad have right to check these cards. They try to identify irregularities in duties of APSRTC staff and ticket issuing methods. In previous passes we introduced STAR document (Statistical and Ticket Accouter Record). This document will be very helpful to find if any irregularity happened in terms of

money. Here all ticket block stating members will be printed on Record. After the whole trip conductor should he write and submit to the finance officials of APSRTC. STAR Record will have service members, conductor and driver ID and route name also. If any parcel of any new theory found on bus after whole trip, staff should mention about it in STAR record. This is small information about STAR record. Now coming to season passes if we dont have ID card with us we should pay some fine to checking squad. Because there is a possibility to travel other persons with others ID card. To reduce these irregularities we should carry identity card with us. It works for only one person. So to stop irregularities they use these ID cards. 5. Student pass: Student passes are specially designed for college students. Even in some village people dont have high schools for the higher studies of their children. So they sent children to the nearest village for their studies. We have an opportunity that APSRTC is providing free service to the studies of school children. They can travel to the nearest school without any bus fare. But college students should take specialized passes. To get these passes every student should get a study certificate from the college authorities. On the basis of this letter APSRTC will provide passes to the students. Actually cost of these passes is depends on number of kilometers at home town from the college. Generally 35% of bus fare will be collected by APSRTC people in original bus fare. Validity will be given for one month. After one month they should renewal the passes at the reservation counter. They have to travel only in ordinary buses with the given passes. But they have right to travel in the express buses with the additional amount of 5 rupees. Some specified dates of a month are reserved for this bus passes. In those dates only APSRTC people will provide the bus passes to the students. If any student forgets to renewal his pass he should renewal it with additional amount after these dates. If he wants to take after a month he should get another letter from college authorities. So it is better to renewal of pass should be done every month. Identity card also provided to each pass to reduce the irregularities.

So these many services are offered by our APSRTC. But here lack of awareness is playing main role. So many people dont know these offers. So they are travelling in provide vehicles we wont get profit and we may not have safe and comfortable journey. Even if any irregularity happened to the students we will get some financial support to the family. In private vehicles we wont have even this type of facility also. So journey in APSRTC buses are comfortable, safest and happiest journeys. Well trained drivers and conductors are required to the APSRTC by specified qualification. So we have less possibility to happen accidents. So we will have happiest journey. If we utilize the services of APSRTC we will get benefited if we often using the services of APSRTC. APSRTC is encouraging employees and state with the incentives also. They will get some money every month for their hard work in the form of incentives. If they work for APSRTC other than their specified holidays they are eligible for these incentives. So in this way also APSRTC is trying utilize the manpower APSRTC is trying to provide best services such as Indra Ac buses with the learnt and reliable cost. So if we make use of these services we will get benefited. The blow table give details about different types of concession cards:-

Name of card Vanita (family) Navya-CAT Vihari Student passes

Cost 100/250/500/Depends on distance

Validity 2 yrs 1yr 1 week 1 month

Insurance 2,00,000 1,75,000 1,75,000 ----

Season Passes

Depends on distance

1 month

----

Table 3: Concession Cards APSRTC is providing different types of concession cards to the passengers, so that they can use them and get benefitted financially by them. Each one of these cards is beneficial to different type of persons. If we take student passes they are very useful to the college students. Only 20%

of bus fare will be collected from the students to do all these things every student must follow some guidelines. They have to get a clearance letter from college principal to verify whether they are studying or not in a specified passes also we should give some particulars and some other certificates which are required. They will get 50% concession in their bus fare. For 100% blind people APSRTC is providing escort facility. According to this facility a blind passengers can have a guide with 50% concession in bus fare. APSRTC is providing free service to the children up to their high school education. They are eligible to travel without any bus fare. Some other concession cards such as vihari, navya cat and Vanitha cards are providing some other concession in the bus fare. It is necessary to note that if we buy a card with original price other card will be provided with less price than original to other family member. So a family will have individual cards to each member with fewer prices than original. APSRTC is providing some other facilities such as control point, drinking water at bus stop and some other passenger amenities required to the passengers. Further details about these topics will be discussed now. 2.2.1.5 Control Point:Every bus stop should have control point and helpline centre. It is very necessary to every bus station. Because the passengers may or may not have their primary education. So they are not able to recognize their bus platform number and timings at the buses. So in control point we will have employee who will give required guidance to the passenger. This control point have right to decide bunching period of a bus to a particular route. Control point will give traffic guidance to each and every automobile. This work seems to be somewhat risky work. Because we wont have free time while doing the duty. All ways we have work with the announcements and traffic guidance. Announcements are not only for traffic guidance, if any charity or system doing some awareness, activities in bus stands they can use this announcement system for their activities. Because bus station is one place where so many members will stay for their busses. So they can spread their messages as quickly as possible. The controller (control point employee) should know information the route in his division. So that he can the people very easily.

Announcements traffic guidance and help line provided by pun all these works should be done by one employee at the control point. Interested and young candidates suitable for these works. They will have required physical strength and zeal to do their job. Control point is providing some help line members to the passengers so that they can have details and timings of the busses from the home itself. Each and every citizen can make use of these facilities according to their requirements. Generally controller post is occupied by the person who works in APSRTCs drivers and conductors. After gaining some experience they recommended as controller. It is somewhat better post than other posts. Drivers, conductors and shramics so only experienced candidates are eligible to do this job. To do this job effectively employee should know each and every platform of the station. It means at each platform busses are allotted to which route they have to transport. After the bunching period for each bus he should announce the leaving busses and time. It is vey useful to illiterates. They may feel shay to ask new person so it is better to announce maximum number of times regarding to each route. Physical work is more so pain and strain will be there so young people are suitable persons to do this job. But there is no opportunity for young people to do this job. Help line members should be noted by each person because at any time we may need information about the busses of particular route. This is also works as enquiry counter. If any illiterate passenger unable to find the platform he can ask details regarding to his route. Corresponding employee (controller) can help to that person to reach his platform. Timings also provided at platforms. If any person unable to know timings controller will give required details. We some other amenities required to the passenger like weight machines, restrooms, food stalls, drinking water and police counter present at the middle of the bus station. Police counter is provided to reduce the irregularities happened by some public issues. Now we can have views about some other amenities. 2.2.1.6 Weight machines: For these weight machines some specified place is reserved in the bus station. APSRTC will give the contract of weight machines to some specified persons. They should open the machines for every month they will pay 40% amount to the APSRTC. Just it is an opportunity to earn income from the public every passenger should pay Rs 2/- to see their weights.

2.2.1.7 Stalls: Food stalls are available to passenger to get their daily food, if they are in long journey. Food stalls are also pay some money to APSRTC. Similarly APSRTC will provide some place to these food stalls. They should pay money for each month. These food stalls and weight machines have to pay power bill with their own money. They should sell each and every commodity for M.R.P rates only. If they are selling for M.R.P rates each and every passenger or any citizen have right to complaint to the depot manager. 2.2.1.8 Advertisement section: In bus station we can see TVs with advertisement. These advertisements are also one way to get income to the APSRTC. Every client should pay the money to advertise their product. They make a contract with APSRTC authority. 2.2.1.9 Parcel services: It is provided by ANL (alloy nitride limited). This ANL have a contract with APSRTC people. depend on weight of the package they will charge money from passenger.

2.2.2

ADMINISTRATIVE SECTION

This section is treated as a brain of APSRTC, why because if we considered the other section as parts of the body then we cant do anything without involvement of brain no part of body is going to work. In same manner each and every issue regarding to the administrative section and other 2 sections is monitored and given by the administrative section. Administrative section has right to give employment and to remove the employees. If any irregularity is found punishment will be given to corresponding office or employee by this section. In this section some clerks are appointed to do some required work. Here we should observe that some posts are filled by direct recruitment but some filled by seniority. For example take depot manager post, it is filled directly through some exam, but some candidates may get this post due to their seniority in APSRTC. Similarly drivers and conductors also recruited

directly but they may retire before they get their higher position due to direct recruitment of posts. Here we should observe one thing that depot manager post is a high level and very difficult job to be done. But due to direct recruitment some young stars may occupy depot manager post and they start to apply their ideas. Here there is chance of success and failure. But we don't want to be failed. So we should give minimum time to learn basic things in APSRTC. I am not saying that direct recruitment is not a right idea. We may have successful stories regarding this direct recruitment but there is chance of failure, so we should reduce it. It can be done by give him basic training and instruction to the directly recruited employees. Otherwise all the system of depot will collapse. This process is done at lower level. For ex: if you want to recruit a driver for APSRTC he recruited first and then he first sent to garage to learn the basic things regarding to the buses. If we familiar with the basic knowledge which includes small problems while the bus is running such as puncture and leakage of air from tire now drive is ready to suggest remedy to that problem. In this administrative section we have some other sections which are suggested to do the required work to depot manager.
2.2.2.1 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.3 2.2.2.4

Account Section Earning Section Computer Section Office Section

These sections will do their specified function. The administrative section will work for 6 hours per day. The government holidays also applicable to the administrative section. Nearly 17 government holidays are applicable to office staff.

2.2.2.1

ACCOUNT SECTION:

This account section will play major role in the declaration of daily income we came to know that for every 12 hours information regarding income and occupancy ratio is send to DM and executive director sir. Accounts section will get required data from computer section. Each and every rupee will be shown in accounts. We came to know that every day the will be transferred to the corresponding APSRTC banks account. In accounts section mainly 2 employees will work.

Everyone should know that for every post in APSRTC is recruited with the degree qualification and it is enough for jobs in APSRTC, because some posts are given on seniority and some are through exam. Training program also conducted in different manner for different people recruited for different jobs. Different depots to get the basic idea about APSRTC. Without training if we assign some post to new person, he may don't know how to behave and how to deal with his co-employees which will reduce the effectiveness in work. The accounts section is computerized. Each and every data regarding to this accounts section will be uploaded to server with the name of the depot. so if any higher officials want to check the details of certain depot, he may access it from server and can be take some decisions based on observed data.

2.2.2.2

EARNING SECTION:

in this section EPB (earning per bus) should be reported in given time. EPB means how much money earned by the bus according to the bus running in kilometers. This will reported by the driver or conductor or the corresponding bus. All this data is computerized in depot manager sir's office. This computerization is done under the program DCP (depot Computerization program). The work process in this section should be fast, because every data should be appear in the APSRTC server. If any higher official want to check earnings of certain depot he can access it through this server. Earnings calculation is generally done by conductor at each stage. After issuing the tickets, he maintains a document which will give idea about the how many tickets are issued per each stage. The total should be written on that paper, which is going to be reported to earnings section. The machine shortly named as 'TIM machine. TIM means ticket issuing machine. This machine is now only provided to pallevelugu services. Because of the problem of large number of stages there is a plan such that TIM machine should be provided to all services. So that we can reduce man power such that we can increase the income of the bus station.

2.2.2.3

COMPUTER SECTION: Here in this section, every day earnings are stored in computers. As I mentioned above

each and every depot is computerized timer the program DCP (depot computerization program).so to know about the details of employee and to give or allocate duties for different category employees. This computed section will be helpful.

Every day the conductor should submit the route's income with STAR (Statistical and ticket accounts record). In this STAR document how many tickets are remained and how many are issued to the public? Such details are filled with amount it be paid to the APSRTC. This star document is prepared by computer section and given to each conductor. In this STAR document the name of the conductor and number of duties held in certain period and his unique id number or printed by computer. Even if any conductor found something which belongs to passenger, he should report about that particular thing in this STAR document. This will be handover to the office at the APSRTC. So computer section is playing key role in assigning duties and storage at data with the facility to upload the details at APSRTC to the server.

2.2.2.4

OFFICE SECTION: Office section also works under the guidelines at the DM sir. Here severe actions will be

taken on the employees who made irregularities in their daily duty. The punishment is differ for the different types of issues. For small issue warning will be given to concerned employee and will give chance to rectify his mistake. Sometimes severe punishment will be given such as demotion and salary decrement. In demotion there will be decrement in his job. Salary decrement will be given for some serious irregularities. There are some other punishments such as suspension and removal of the employee. These punishments are given to the employees who are violated the rules of APSRTC. Strict rules are there to the APSRTC that are to be followed by each and every employee at the APSRTC. Fine also a small type of punishment for small mistakes in APSRTC. Similarly if office noticed any good qualities in the employee. It may give promotion and salary increment type of encouragements. So office section play main role In handling the man power of APSRTC. Sometimes office superintends have rights to use DM sir's sign without his permission for small issues. It is the only section which has such a rights. Other section has not having such rights. Office section will contain some employees who are come by experience mainly.

2.2.3

MAINTANANCE SECTION

Even our topic is about to develop the bus station economically, we came to know that other sections such as maintenance section and administrative section is also interrelated with the bus

station. So we think to know each and every topic of 3 sections. In the first week program we worked on administrative section, which is may part of bus depot. Now we want to know the basic things regarding to the maintenance section. Maintenance section is another important part which will affect the economic growth to the APSRTC. This section is garage section. In garage section so many works carried out to the buses. There are 4 types of schedules in the garage section. The main objective of garage section is to prevent the breakdown of buses and if breakdown occurs required parts will be replaced in the garage. Storage section will have required parts that to be replaced. Actually this storage section is selected through tenders. The main company employees, to supply pass in TATA company. I mentioned 4 types at schedules of maintenance in previous pages. Now we will give brief idea in schedules. 1) Schedule I :- (Daily Maintenance) This is first type in maintenance section. Under this schedules each and every automobile of APSRTC will go some processes such as cleaning and replacement of melting substances. Actually in garage section we will have Asst engineer and some shramics such as Asst Mechanics. So some part of man power also involved in this section. In this section vehicle is under observation of 2-3 hours. There some list of items to be checked in daily maintenance such as level of fuel, level of oil, level of air in tires and lubricants. There are some set of levels that are selected to maintain normal condition of the buses. If the levels of the buses are not in required limit they are maintained by some machinery that will gives us required level. Here the guidance of Asst mechanical engineer. He will give instructions to the coworkers to do required job. This is a short period maintenance system. So any required and important parts may check. So that we dont have breakdown of buses on the roads. Preventing at breakdown is playing main role in the APARTC by doing some required works. If breakdown occurs it will have severe effect on APSRTC income so reduction at it is necessary. 2) Schedule II :- (Weekly Maintenance) This is also known as weekly maintenance program. Under this section some other activities will be done. Here there extra activities are done with the other daily activities. In

automobiles we will have some parts which work under the presence at friction. We know that due to friction some parts which are made up of metal will melt. Now we should replace them to prevent the breakdown. We will have a specialized part that is breather. This is useful to send out the exhausting gases. These gases may change the physical and chemical properties of lubricants. So we should send them out. Checking of breathers is done in this section. Here in this section bus will be under observation for 3-4 hours. All these works comes under prevention of the breakdowns. In this section mainly replacement of wear and tear parts will be done. Exhaust gases will damage them weak and smooth parts, so we should release them out. Some other parts which lose their property while traveling on road will be replaced. Care should be taken while replacing each and every part because APSRTC is dealing with lives of the human beings. So accidents and breakdown should be minimized. So every part of automobile should be in sufficient condition to obtain good results. 3) Schedule III :This comes under monthly maintenance. Automobile will be in observation for one day. Additional work such as checking the situation of the engine. Every engine will give us the best performance. It is checked whether the engine is giving required rpm or not. If it is not working property we should do some operations on it. So that we can achieve required rpm. If it is not working properly replacement will be done. Here additionally daily maintenance and weekly maintenance will be along with the monthly maintenance. In district operation for ordinary vehicles after 12,000Kms and for new special type vehicles 15,000Kms,in city operation for all vehicles 9,000 and for new vehicles after 15,000Kms automobiles will undergo to schedule-III. 4) Schedule IV :Here maintenance is done for every 4 months. Here cleaning at main parts such as petrol or diesel is done. Replacement of wear and rear parts will be done. Here additionally daily and monthly maintenance sections also will be covered. The main objective of all these schedules is to prevent the breakdown of buses. The other objective is to increase the mileage that KMPL (Kilometer per Liter). Incentive allowances will be provided to the employees if working condition at the buses is good. All these schedules will carry out in each and every depot for each and every bus to reduce the percentage of accidents and breakdown. All these schedules will be

done under the guidance at Asst Mechanical Engineer. In district operation for ordinary vehicles after 36,000Kms and for new and special type vehicles after 45,000Kms,in city operation for all vehicles after 27,000Kms and for new vehicles after 36,000Kms automobiles will send to schedule-Iv.
2.2.3.1

In each depot 2 types of maintenance system will be there. There are 1. Breakdown Maintenance 2. Prevention at Breakdown

Breakdown Maintenance:This type of maintenance in present only in large cities. Buses may give trouble on roads. Conductor and driver (low level employees) can do some required basic repair and they continue their duty. If the problem is major one then depot will send some staff to do remedy and to replace the required parts. Some problems will be solved on that the bus depot, the further repair will be done in depot. Preventing at Breakdown:The 4 schedules will come under this section. Here care will be taken on each and every part to reduce the breakdown and accidents percentage. Prevention of breakdown work is done for every bus for prescribed period. This section will be present for each and every depot. Because this will do basic requirements of automobiles. Our government will issue a fitness certificate to each automobile. From the starting period of using first 2years no need to take fitness certificate. But after first 2years each and every year each automobile should take fitness certificate to each year. Important registers to be maintained in preventive maintenance management: 1. Daily RG register RTC-126 2. Vehicle Back History RTC-109 3. Schedule-I maintenance RTC-127 4. Schedule-II maintenance RTC-194 5. Unit changes register

6. Register for inspection of vehicles 7. FC register 8. Breakdown RTC-129 9. Cancellation of KMS RTC-130
2.2.3.2

Maintenance system is also 2types: 1. Two tire maintenance system 2. Three tire maintenance system

Two tire maintenance system: In this type maintenance is done in two steps. Some work is done at workshop and other work is done at garage. So totally two times the work is done to automobile. Three tire maintenance system: For each division we will have a section for this 3tire maintenance. So first small work is done at divisional maintenance afterwards the other 2sections such as garage and workshop. All these are mentioned in the vehicle motor Act. In this maintenance section each section will do some required amount of work to the automobile. Generally automobile mainly works on fuel. We have diesel or petrol as fuel. If we use petrol as fuel we will have less noise. When we are using petrol as fuel air is compressed alone with fuel and then fuel is sprayed with air and spark will be produced to generate the heat. But in diesel consumption it is directly used due to that spark heat will be generated. Petrol using automobile will generate less noise. Summary Bus station is a wide area which is more helpful to the passengers to reach their native places. Bus station is providing many facilities to the passenger in their journey. It belongs to the traffic section. To maintain this bus station APSRTC has formed depot to every bus station. In this depot the maintenance of buses will be take care by the employees. APSRTC is not only helpful to the passengers it is also encouraging employees. Garage section plays main role to maintain buses if any irregularities happen to the buses with the help of different schedules. Administrative section will manage all the details of buses, employees, other workers and facilities at the bus station.

CHAPTER: 3 IMPROVEMENTS TO THE EXISTING FACILITY/SYSTEM 3.1 General 1. In APSRTC most of the work is depends on paper. We have to computerize the system. So that time will be reduced. Efficiency of work will increase. 2. If the passengers are more in the bus the time take taken to give ticket will be more and also some mistakes will happen. To overcome this problem government has introduced TIM (Ticket Issue Machine). We have to use these machines in every bus. Now these machines are using in only pallevelugu buses. 3. Knowledge about the APSRTC system is less in the public. For this government has to conduct some programs to bring awareness in the public. 4. Bus pass need to display in TIM machine with photo by entering the bus pass Id.

3.2 Advanced 1. At every tollgate bus needs to wait for some time and have to pay some money to them. Due to this time will be waste. This charge will collect from passengers only. For this a new system has came, I. e government is providing recharge cards to every bus. When the reach to tollgate amount from the recharge card will be automatically paid. Due to this there is waste of time. And no insecurity will happen to the passengers. 2. There is no facility in the bus to tell whether passenger has sufficient money to travel to their place. So government needs to improve this facility in our country. 3. Passenger need to get concession cards and their renewal through online. So that passenger can register and get their own concession cards from anywhere to anywhere easily. By this facility most of the time will save to the passenger.

CHAPTER 4 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF SYSTEM 4.1 Advantages : 1) Bus Station is a comfortable place to the passengers to wait for buses during their journey.

2) Passengers can easily travel from one place to another place. 3) Bus Station contain many facilities like food stalls, water facility, rest rooms etc will help passengers to completer their journey successfully. 4) Through bus station passenger may know the timings of buses arrival and departure of buses. 5) Bus Station is the place where all buses belongs to different places can come to their specified platforms and take th passengers to their destination places. 6) Online Passenger Reservation System counter also available at bus station to the passengers to reserve the seats to reach their destination. there is possibility to know details
about the route through which we are going to travel. Simply it is e-ticketing system.

7) We can get these reservation tickets from authorized agents. Because of this OPRS every
passenger can get tickets from his home itself. We can get reservation by using SMS request also. Some Specified numbers will be provided to the passengers. We have possibility to cancel our reservation tickets. We have facility to get our money depends on cancellation of time. Total amount will be refunded of we cancel our reservation tickets within 48 hours. We dont have this type of reservation facilities at private systems. OPRS is a big and very nice service provided by the APSRTC.

8) Concession Cards counter, bus passes to the students, season tickets and some other concession facility also available to the passengers to get concession in their ticket by purchasing concession cards at this counter. 9) If any irregularity things causes to passengers they can contact with the police help line counter which is present at the bus station. 10) Through advertisement facility many companies can advertise their products to get publicity. 11) Bus Station is more helpful to the illiterate people to know available buses to their place and timings through control point which is available at bus station. 12) Special seats will be reserved for handicapped and other higher officials an Ex-MLAs and MPs.
For womens also we have reserved seats in APSRTC buses up to 25kgs luggage we can carry without any fare. After their weight we should pay extra luggage charges to the APSRTC. So many members are getting employment due to their APSRTC. Drivers, conductors, shramics, Asst. Mechanics, Supervisors and higher officials are allowed officially to their respective work. APSRTC need this employs in a required number.

13) In APSRTC we have special parcel service called ANL. We can send any package to the
specified destination without any others helps. This system will charge money depends on weight of the package. This ANL service is elected through some tenders activities

4.2 Limitations 1) In this organization most of the work is based on paper. Due to this the efficiency of work will be decreased. 2) Buses are not scheduling properly. 3) Buses are not running on timings which has depot specified. 4) Near the bus station there will be noise pollution. 5) In garage section long route buses are not scheduling fastly. Due to this number of reservations are decreased. 6) In OPRS the reservation candidate will get personal password for their registration. This id will give them once. So they have to use this id in their reservation. By using this some members are trying to earn money. So we have to overcome this problem.

CHAPTER: 5 METHODOLOGIES ADOPTED 5.1 Computerization In APSRTC most of the work is doing based on paper. In todays world every organization/system is totally computerized. Paper work is the one reason through which this APSRTC organization is lacking behind compared to other organization. So we have to reduce the paper work in this organization. APSRTC is a big government network organization which is more useful to the public in their daily life to travel some place to their destination. SR is the most favorable example to us to know in what amount this paper work is carrying. Even though a new technology has came to reduce the time for ticketing (TIM machine) there is no change in writing of SR sheet. Conductor need to write this SR at every stage. There is no waste of time but there is a chance to happen mistakes. While higher officials checking these details there is a chance to happen some mistakes. After that the storage of all these STAR paper need place. So it will also cause some

problem. If we need some particular paper the time taken to search that paper will be more. Not only the SR sheet most of the details regarding employees, their duties and some other details are storing in separate books and also musters are maintaining to give prize money to the drivers and conductors and also details of buses will be maintained in service wise register. If we lost these registers we can lose all data. It is very unfair to that particular depot. In APSRTC computerization is using only for some work. Even though it is maintaining separate section for computer it is not that much well developed. At only OPRS counter this computerization is using effectively. So reduce these problems we have to computerize the organization. Due to this we can store all data in database. If we copy these data to some where else if we lose this data at particular system we can copy from some other place. This is more advantageous. The time will be less to store details. It needs only one employee to store all these details in computer. Computerization is more helpful and to make faster work in the organization and to increase the income of APSRTC indirectly.

5.2 TIM SOFTWARE

TIM is the ticket issue machine. It is somewhat successful to reduce the time of giving tickets to the passenger when the bus is full. By using this machine conductor can easily give tickets to the passenger. This machine contain the details of routs, concession card information, luggage, tollgate and so many different options to decrease the work of conductor during his/her duty. Even though these machines are helping effectively to the conductor and indirectly to the organization some problems are arising by this TIM machine. Government has identified these problems. So these TIMs are not using in all buses. Now these machines are using widely in pallevelugu and long journey buses. For long journey buses two drivers are required. So that one driver can take tickets by TIM. For pallevelugu the number of passengers will be more. So to reduce the time they are using TIMs in pallevelugu.

Suppose if we take student bus passes. If the number of students are more in bus then conductor wont check their passes. Conductor just asked whether he has pass or not. Conductor wont check that is belongs to him or not. By taking this as chance some public is misusing this bus pass facility. So to reduce this problem we have to build a software that if conductor enter the id of that pass TIM machine need to display his/her bus pass with his/her photo. By this creation we may have chance to increase the income of APSRTC. CHAPTER: 6 RESULTS We get clear idea on Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation management system. CHAPTER: 7 CONCLUSIONS Finally we conclude that APSRTC is a big government organization. In that bus station is more useful to the public. APSRTC is providing many facilities to us. So we have to utilize the service of government which is providing for us for our safe and secure journey with payable cost. REFERENCES References to Manual 1 .Depot at glance 2. Traffic Guidance

References to Website http:://www.apsrtc.gov.in http:/www.apsrtc.com/Bus Station - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.htm