Risk Management And Safe Work Procedures

STC5 Version 2.0 2013

Course Objectives
1. Faculty, staff and students understand the mandatory requirement for risk management at workplace. 2. Faculty, staff and students know the SUTD methodology of conducting risk assessment for their work. 3. Faculty, staff and students able to develop safe work procedures for the work to be carried out after conducting the risk assessment.

Course Contents

1. Workplace Safety and Health (Risk Management) Regulations. 2. Consequences For No Risk Management 3. Risk Management Process. 4. Developing Safe Work Procedures 5. Code of Practice for Risk Management 6. Challenge

1. Workplace Safety And Health (Risk Management) Regulations

Workplace Safety And Health (Risk Management) Regulations (CHAPTER 354A, Rg 8) Section 4:
4.(1) In every workplace, the employer, self-employed person and principal shall take all reasonably practicable steps to eliminate any foreseeable risk to any person who may be affected by his undertaking in the workplace. (2) Where it is not reasonably practicable to eliminate the risk referred to in paragraph (1), the employer, self-employed person or principal shall implement (a) such reasonably practicable measures to minimize the risk; and (b) such safe work procedures to control the risk.

1. Workplace Safety And Health (Risk Management) Regulations

(3) The measures referred to in paragraph (2)(a) may include all or any of the following: (a) substitution; (b) engineering control; (c) administrative control; (d) provision and use of suitable personal protective equipment. To read the entire Regulations, click on this link
http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/aol/search/display/view.w3p;page=0;query=DocId:cd9437b7-419b-40de-99a309f2e7b8c90a%20Depth:0%20ValidTime:01/10/2007%20TransactionTime:01/10/2007%20Status:inforce;rec =0;resUrl=http://statutes.agc.gov.sg:443/aol/browse/relatedSLResults.w3

2. Consequences For No Risk Management & Safe Work Procedure

Fatal Accident !!!

Senior Steward slipped & fell, cut by shattered glassware on his neck.

2. Consequences For No Risk Management & Safe Work Procedure

20 April 2004: Nicoll Highway - 4 deaths; 3 injured

2. Consequences For No Risk Management & Safe Work Procedure

Collapse at Fusionpolis Building Construction Site
Background On 29 April 2004, Alexandra Fire Station was activated to respond to a construction worksite accident at Ayer Rajah Avenue, where the basement construction for Fusionpolis, a high tech township, was undergoing. Description of Operations 1 fire engine and 1 Red Rhino (PL121, LF121) from Alexandra Fire Station, 1 rescue tender (RT411) from Jurong Fire Station, 2 RDART from DART Base, Special Rescue Battalion (SRB), and six ambulances rushed to the scene. steel reinforcement bars had collapsed and crashed upon the workers below in a 50m by 50m wide area. . A total of 29 casualties were rescued, attended to by the ambulance crew and later conveyed to hospital, whilst 2 fatalities were recovered.. The search and rescue operation lasted 14 hours

2. Consequences For No Risk Management & Safe Work Procedure

Jul 7, 2011 Two injured by exploding chemical

2. Consequences For No Risk Management

Workplace Safety and Health (Risk Management) Regulations:

Offences 8. Any employer, self-employed person or principal who contravenes regulation 3(1), 4(1), (2) or (4), 5, 6 or 7 shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction (a) for a first offence, to a fine not exceeding $10,000; and (b) for a second or subsequent offence, to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.

3. Risk Management Process

Preparation
Form Team Gather relevant information Identify tasks of each process

Risk Assessment

Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control

Implementation & Review

Obtain Supervisor/Reporting Officer Approval Implement Control Measures Communicate the hazards identified and their controls Audit or Regular Inspections Review RA on a regular basis

Record Keeping

Develop a risk register Must be available upon request Kept for at least three years

3. Risk Management Process (Preparation)

You may need the followings to prepare the risk assessment: Details of description of work Safety data sheets of chemical to be used Past accident records List of workplace machineries Types of emergency equipment available Staff and students capabilities in handling the work

3. Risk Management Process (Risk Assessment)

Risk assessment is the process of evaluating the probability and consequences of injury or illness arising from exposure to an identified hazard, and determining the appropriate measures for risk control. The process can be summarized as show below:

1. Hazard Identification

2. Risk Evaluation Estimate risk levels Prioritise hazards to be controlled

3. Risk Control

Identify hazards
Identify potential incidents/accidents

Adopt hierarchy of control for control measures Analyse and evaluate residual risks

3. Risk Management Process: Hazard Analysis

What is a hazard? Hazard means anything with the potential to cause harm or injury.

3. Risk Management Process: Hazard Analysis

Hazard Classifications Chemical Examples of Hazards No appropriate cabinet for corrosives, personal protective equipment (gloves, lab coat and eyewear) not provided

Biological

Sharps not properly disposed of, no biological safety cabinet for containment
Frayed wires, use of approved plugs Rotating parts with no safe guard barrier Excessive noise, sharps, carrying heavy object

Electrical Mechanical Physical

Ergonomics
Psychosocial Fire Explosion Slip & Fall

awkward postures, wrong mouse handling technique

Long working hours Heat source near to flammables, Use of reactive chemicals without inert gas chamber Slippery floor, Uneven flooring, Extended cables not taped on floor No relief valve or mechanism

High Pressure

3. Risk Management Process: Hazard Analysis

Hazard Category Man Hazard Description Risks/Impacts

Changing position towards machinery Working posture Strike against Caught in between Overexertion

Muscular Skeleton Disorder Muscular Skeleton Disorder Contusion Contusion Muscular Skeleton Disorder

Machine

Machine guarding Sharp edges Stored energy Electrical grounding Emergency switches Corrosive Flammable Reactive Toxic Explosive Written safe work procedures (SWP) Compliance with SWP Two-hands operation On-site warning signs Auto/manual operations

Laceration /Fracture Laceration Electrocution Electrocution Contusion Burn Fire/explosion Burn/fire/explosion Burn Fire/explosion Laceration Laceration Contusion

The industry practices 4M & 1E method for hazard analysis.

Materials

Method

Environment

Temperature Noise level Vibration Humidity Lighting

Heat stress/burn Noise induced deafness Soft tissue damage Dermatitis Slips/trips/falls

3. Risk Management Process: Risk Evaluation

Risk means the likelihood that a hazard will cause a specific harm or injury to persons or damage to property. There are 2 factors to consider when rating whether a risk is high or low. The factors are likelihood and severity. Risk = Likelihood X Severity

3. Risk Management Process: Risk Evaluation

Level

Likelihood

Likelihood of Occurrence / Exposure Criteria

Frequent

Likely to occur many times per year

Moderate

Likely to occur once per year

Occasional

Might occur once in three years

Likelihood means the probability or frequency of an event occurring. See below table for description.

Remote

Might occur once in five years

Unlikely

Might occur once in ten years

3. Risk Management Process: Risk Evaluation

Level Severity Description

Catastrophic

Fatality, fatal diseases or multiple major injuries.

Major

Serious injuries or life-threatening occupational disease (includes amputations, major fractures, multiple injuries, occupational cancer, acute poisoning).
Injury requiring medical treatment or ill-health leading to disability (includes lacerations, burns, sprains, minor fractures, dermatitis, deafness, work-related upper limb disorders). Injury or ill-health requiring first-aid only (includes minor cuts and bruises, irritation, ill-health with temporary discomfort). Not likely to cause injury or ill-health.

Moderate

Severity means the degree or extend of an injury or harm caused by the hazard as a result of an accident.

Minor

Negligible

3. Risk Management Process: Risk Evaluation

To assess the risk level or risk prioritization number (RPN), you need to combine the likelihood and severity tables. This new table is known as the 5X5 likelihood-Severity Matrix Table.

Likelihood Severity Catastrophic (5) Major (4) Moderate (3) Minor (2) Negligible (1)

Unlikely (1) 5

Remote (2) 10

Occasional (3) 15

Moderate (4) 20

Frequent (5) 25

12

16

20

12

15

10

3. Risk Management Process: Risk Evaluation

Once the number is established, we may determine whether the risk is high or low.
Risk level Low Risk Risk Acceptability Acceptable Recommended Actions

1.No additional risk control measures may be needed. 2.Frequent review and monitoring of hazards are required to ensure that the risk level assigned is accurate and does not increase over time. 1.A careful evaluation of the hazards should be carried out to ensure that the risk level is reduced to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) within a defined time period. 2.Interim risk control measures, such as administrative controls or PPE, may be implemented while longer term measures are being established. 3,Management attention is required. 1.High Risk level must be reduced to at least Medium Risk before work commences. 2.There should not be any interim risk control measures. Risk control measures should not be overly dependent on PPE or appliances. If practicable, the hazard should be eliminated before work commences. 3.Management review is required before work commences.

Medium

Risk Tolerable

High Risk

Not acceptable

3. Risk Management Process: Risk Control

The industry practice for controlling risk is through the Hierarchy of Control Measures methodology. We should control the risk first by elimination, followed by substitution and engineering control. The first 3 methods are the most effective methods. The last 2 methods, administrative and using personal protective equipment should be considered as the last resort.

3. Risk Management Process: Risk Control

Control Measure Description Examples

ELIMINATION

The total removal of the hazards. If the hazards are eliminated, the risk associated with the hazard will be eliminated.

Cover up a manhole before proceed with any work.

SUBSTITUTION

This involves replacing the hazard by one that presents a lower risk.

Use less corrosive acid for pH adjustment instead of strong acid.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

Engineering controls are physical means that limit the hazard. These include structural changes to the work environment or work processes, erecting a barrier to interrupt the transmission path between the worker and the hazard.

Fume Cupboard or glove boxes

3. Risk Management Process: Risk Control

Control Measure ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS Description These reduce or eliminate exposure to a hazard by adherence to procedures or instructions, including training. Documentation should emphasize all the steps to be taken and the controls to be used in carrying out the activity safely. Examples Work instruction. Good laboratory practices. Training on chemicals.

Personal Protective Equipment

This should be used only as a last resort, after all other control measures have been considered, or as a short term contingency during emergency / maintenance / repair or as an additional protective measure. Often used as secondary protection or general protection to third party users. The success of this control depends critically on the protective equipment being chosen correctly, fitted correctly, worn at all times and maintained properly.

Use of safety eyewear plus respiratory protection.

3. Risk Management Process: Risk Assessment Form

3. Risk Management Process: Example (Laboratory)

Work Activity / Project Title: Drilling A Hole Through A Block Of Wood

Risk Assessor/s: John Little

Staff/Student Involved In The Approved By Supervisor / Reporting Officer: Prof Work/Project: Mark, Spencer, Robinson Takashimaya (Name, Date & Signature) Date Assessed: 08/08/2008 Next Review Date:07/08/2011

3. Risk Management Process: Example (Laboratory)

Hazard Identification 1a. 1b. 1c. 1d. Possible Accident / ill health to persons, fire or property loss Small Cut, Injure Fingers 2a. Risk Evaluation 2b . S* 2c. 2d. 3a. Additional Risk Control Measures 3b . S 3c . L Risk Control 3d. 3e. Follow up by (name) & date 3f.

S/N 1

Work Process Place wood on grip & tighten Insert Drill Bit & Tighten Chuck Start Drilling Lift Up Drill Bit Stop Machine Unlock Chuck To Remove Drill Bit Remove Wood

Hazard P

Existing Risk Control

L*

RPN*

RPN*

Remarks

Injure fingers

3 8 9 10

P Nil Nil P

Flying Wood Chips Burned by Heated Drill Bit

11

Nil

3. Risk Management Process: Example (Laboratory)

Hazard Identification 1a. 1b. 1c. 1d. Possible Accident / ill health to persons, fire or property loss Small Cut, Injure Fingers 2a. Risk Evaluation 2b . S* 1 2c. 2d. 3a. Additional Risk Control Measures 3b . S 3c . L Risk Control 3d. 3e. Follow up by (name) & date 3f.

S/N 1

Work Process Place wood on grip & tighten Insert Drill Bit & Tighten Chuck Start Drilling Lift Up Drill Bit Stop Machine Unlock Chuck To Remove Drill Bit Remove Wood

Hazard P

Existing Risk Control User Must Read Operating Manual, & Safe Work Procedure, Gloves User Must Read Operating Manual, & Safe Work Procedure, Protective Eye Wear, Dust Coat, Respiratory Mask User Must Read Operating Manual, & Safe Work Procedure, Gloves -

L* 1

RPN* 1

RPN*

Remarks

Injure fingers

3 8 9 10

P Nil Nil P

Flying Wood Chips Burned by Heated Drill Bit

3 1 1 1

2 1 1 1

6 1 1 1

11

Nil

3. Risk Management Process: Example (Laboratory)

Hazard Identification 1a. 1b. 1c. 1d. Possible Accident / ill health to persons, fire or property loss Small Cut, Injure Fingers 2a. Risk Evaluation 2b . S* 1 2c. 2d. 3a. Additional Risk Control Measures 3b . S 3c . L Risk Control 3d. 3e. Follow up by (name) & date 3f.

S/N 1

Work Process Place wood on grip & tighten Insert Drill Bit & Tighten Chuck Start Drilling Lift Up Drill Bit Stop Machine Unlock Chuck To Remove Drill Bit Remove Wood

Hazard P

Existing Risk Control User Must Read Operating Manual, & Safe Work Procedure, Gloves User Must Read Operating Manual, & Safe Work Procedure, Protective Eye Wear, Dust Coat, Respiratory Mask User Must Read Operating Manual, & Safe Work Procedure, Gloves -

L* 1

RPN* 1

RPN* -

Remarks -

Injure fingers

3 8 9 10

P Nil Nil P

Flying Wood Chips Burned by Heated Drill Bit

3 1 1 1

2 1 1 1

6 1 1 1

Use Face Shield -

3 -

1 -

3 -

Spencer -

2 weeks from date assessed. -

11

Nil

3. Risk Management Process: Example (Admin)

Work Activity / Project Title: Desk Work (Using a computer) Staff/Student Involved In The Work/Project: Mark, Spencer, Robinson Date Assessed: 08/08/2008 Next Review Date:07/08/2011 Risk Assessor/s: John Little Approved By Supervisor / Reporting Officer: Prof Takashimaya (Name, Date & Signature)

Hazard Identification Activities Possible Hazards Possible Accidents

Risk Evaluation Existing Risk Control S L RPN

Risk Control Additional Risk Control S L RPN Follow up (Name & Date) Jack. 10th July 2011 Remarks

1.Sit On The Chair 2.Switch On The Computer

Physical Electrical

Fall Electrocution, body injury

Chair with stable base provided Do not use damaged cable, plug, and sockets.

2 3

1 3

2 9

Check cable, plug and socket before turn power on. Do not turn power with wet hands. Check before turn power on.

Fire

Damage to property, body injury

Use Safety Mark Electrical Appliance. Do not use frayed cables Training Provided

Jack. 10th July 2011

3.Type The Content 4.Go Toilet Break 5.Return To Sitting Position 6.Continue Typing

Ergonomics

Discomfort on fingers, arms, wrist, neck Slip & Fall

Physical, Trip & Fall Physical, Trip & Fall Ergonomics

Path to Toilet Clear From Obstruction Chair with stable base provided Training Provided

Slip & Fall

Discomfort on fingers, arms, wrist, neck

3. Risk Management Process (Implementation & Review)

a.

b.
c.

d. e.

Risk assessment is only a sub-unit of the entire risk management process. All risk assessment must be documented and signed by the supervisor. Reviewing of risk assessment is necessary: Every 3 years as requested by Regulations Every major change in protocol Every time after an incident Communication of risks and hazards to relevant stakeholders is key to successful implementation of risk management. Communication of risks can be successfully delivered by either getting users to read the risk assessment (signed after reading) and/or through developing a safe work procedure.

3. Risk Management Process (Record Keeping)

All risk assessment must be kept in a risk register. Every Office, Centre and Pillars shall develop their own risk registers.

All risk assessment in the risk registers shall be kept for a period of not less than 3 years.

4. Developing Safe Work Procedures

All works, except for administrative work, involving the use of any appliance, equipment, machinery, chemical, and biological shall have a detail safe work procedure (SWP) given or communicated to all users. Any work not mentioned in this slide but may result in any form of discomfort, minor injury or accident shall also have risk assessment conducted and SWP developed.

5. Code of Practice for Risk Management

The Workplace Safety Health Council has developed the Code of Practice for Risk Management. You may view this document using this link http://sutdcentral.sutd.edu.sg/Departments/EHS/Safety%20Resour ces/Forms/AllItems.aspx

5. Challenge
Conducting risk assessments is fairly simple for companies dealing with purely administrative and/or manufacturing services. In a research arena, conducting risk assessment (RA) is challenging because research work requires changing of protocols and usually with multiple procedures. What method would you suggest to help our researchers able to comply with the mandatory requirement and correctly access the risks for the work to be done without spending too much time working on the RA document? You may send a proposal with the budget required to the Working Committee (joseph_chua@sutd.edu.sg) by Sept 2012. We may take 1-2 months to evaluate your proposal. Successful candidate/s will be notified via email.

You have come to the end of this Safety Training On-line Course. If you have any other enquiries, you may send an email to EHS Manager at joseph_chua@sutd.edu.sg
Thank you and we continually seek your support to help SUTD maintain a safe workplace.