INDUSTRY

Geography and History Department

FRAY PEDRO DE URBINA HIGH SCHOOL
Miranda de Ebro
ORIGIN:
First Industrial Revolution (England,
England, end of 18th
Century. Belgium,
Belgium, France later)
later)
Coal and vapour as energy sources
First factories:
factories: iron and textil (spinning
(spinning and
weaving)
weaving) ones
System of transport:
transport:
railway
Second Industrial Revolution:
Revolution:
End of 19th centuty to IIWW
Power and oil
New industrial sectors as
chemical or electrical
New transports:
transports: cars
Third Industrial Revolution:
Revolution:
Since IIWW
Nuclear, alternative sources
Computers, www
Electronics
Multinational corporations
 TYPES OF INDUSTRY

Heavy industry:
It turns raw materials into another product for
other industries (half-finished products,
as steel, chemical products, refining).

Assets industry:
It makes machinery, tools, means of heavy
transport (shipbuilding), motors, building
materials, etc.

Light industry:
It makes consumer articles, or finished
products as fabric, clothes, cars, food,
white goods (electrical appliances),
plastics, medicines, cosmetics, books,
newspapers…
 INFLUENCES ON THE LOCATION OF INDUSTRY

Location near local raw materials or in a port reduces transports costs if moving lose weight (coal,
coal,
iron,
iron, oil).
The availability of labour supply,
supply, unskilled or qualified.
qualified.
Cost of transporting (near the raw materials or near the market).
market).

The market (if transporting the product is

expensive).
expensive).
Linked industry need to be in the same area.
area.
 MAIN INDUSTRIAL REGIONS

Megalopolis and Great Lakes region (USA – Canada)

Canada)
London-
London-Milan corridor
South of Japan (Tokyo -Yokohama conurbation)
conurbation)
East of China (Beijing – Shanghai)
Shanghai)
Moscow and Ural Range
Sao Paulo – Rio de la Plata
INDUSTRIAL REGIONS IN SPAIN
 MEDCs – LEDCs DIFFERENCES
MORE ECONOMIC DEVELOPED
COUNTRIES:
Raw materials have started tu run
out or they are too expensive to
continue extracting.
Many industries have been
relocated near ports, transport
routes or near the markets.
The service sector is now the
largest employer.
Science parks and research
centres for hi-tech industry.
Strong competition with Newly
Industrialised Countries (NICs), as
The Three Tigers (cheap work
force, high-tech products).
Multinationals can pull out of the
country easely.
LESS ECONOMIC DEVELOPED
COUNTRIES:
Lower wages, worse working
conditions.
Less strict pollution controls.
A lot of small scale
manufacturing industries
(informal sector, own
employment).
No money to invest.
Lack of infrastructure (power
supplies and transport
networks).
Large companies are
multinationals.