Name : Nikman Adli b. Nor Hashim (M04D) Title : Standardization of sodium hydroxide solution using oxalic acid.

Results :
1) Preparation of the dilute H2C2O4.2H2O. a) Mass of pure H2C2O4.2H2O : 1.6253 + 0.0001g b) Volume in the measuring cylinder : 2.0 + 0.1cm c) Volume in the volumetric flask : 250 + 0.5cm 2) Preparation of the Na2OH solution. a) Mass of pure NaOH : 1.323 + 0.0001g b) Volume in the volumetric flask : 250 + 0.5 cm c) Volume of the pipette solution : 25 + 0.5cm

Data collection :
Quantitative data : Table 1.0 : Results of oxalic acid used in the experiment. 1 Initial burette reading (cm) + 0.05cm Final burette reading (cm) + 0.05cm Volume of H2C2O4.2H2O used (cm) + 0.1cm Qualitative data : The colour indicator (phenolphthalein) in the NaOH solution changes from pink to colourless. The oxalic acid used to counterbalance the NaOH solution did not change a lot from its theoretical volume which is + 27cm. 0.00 2 0.00 3 0.00

29.60

29.00

27.50

29.60

29.00

27.50

Data processing :
Gross volume of H2C2O4.2H2O used with uncertainty : 29.60 + 29.00 + 27.50 = 28.7 cm + 0.1 cm. 3 Uncertainty : | 28.7-29.6 | + | 28.7-29.0 | + | 28.7-27.5 | x 100 = 8.4 % 28.7 Gross volume of H2C2O4.2H2O used with percentage of uncertainty = 28.7 cm + 8.4% cm. Chemical equation : H2C2O4+ 2NaOH Na2C2O4 + 2H2O The number of moles of H2C2O4.2H2O : = Mass of H2C2O4.2H2O (g) Relative Molecular Mass = 1.6253 g 126g/mol = 0.0129 mol. Uncertainty : 0.0001 x 0.0129 1.6253 = 7.937 x 10-7 mol. So the number of moles of H2C2O4.2H2O with uncertainty = 0.0129 + 7.937 x 10-7 mol. The concentration of H2C2O4.2H2O : = Number of moles Volume (dm) = 0.0129 mol 0.25 dm = 0.0516 mol/dm. Uncertainty : ( 0.00025 + 7.937 x 10-7 mol ) (0.0516) 0.25 0.0129 mol

= 5.47748 x 10-5 mol/dm. So the concentration of H2C2O4.2H2O with uncertainty = 0.0516 + 5.47748 x 10-5 mol/dm. The concentration of diluted NaOH used : MaVa = a MbVb b Mb = 2 (0.0516 mol/dm)(0.0287dm) (1)(0.025dm) = 0.1185 M.

Conclusion :
The concentration of NaOH that was used during titration method is 0.1185 M.