icroflown Technologies B.V.

Manual free field surface impedance setup

Author: Microflown Technologies Dhr. E. Tijs info@microflown.com tijs@microflown.com T: +31 316 581 490 F: +31 316 581 491

Calibration report

PU-Probe Model A

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Microflown Technologies B.V.

Table of contents
1. Bill of materials ..................................................................................... 3 2. Setup of the system ............................................................................... 3 2.1. Hardware ....................................................................................................... 3 2.2. Schematic setup of the system.......................................................................... 5 3. Surface Impedance Program ................................................................. 6 3.1. Program start up ............................................................................................. 6 3.1.1. Sound card settings.................................................................................... 6 3.1.2. Running the program.................................................................................. 7 3.2. Measurements................................................................................................. 7 3.2.1. Settings .................................................................................................... 8 3.2.2. Measure.................................................................................................... 8 3.3. Process the measurements ............................................................................... 9 3.3.1. Load files .................................................................................................. 9 3.3.2. Screen content ........................................................................................ 10 3.3.3. Separate plots ......................................................................................... 11 3.3.4. Workspace .............................................................................................. 11

Calibration report

PU-Probe Model A

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Microflown Technologies B.V.

1. Bill of materials
Surface Impedance software Grid with elastics fastened and spherical loudspeaker mounted. Specified probe (PU mini and/or PU match) with mounting screw(s). Handle Mini tripod to mount under the handle Lemo probe cable Jack loudspeaker cable Signal conditioner & sound card amplifier Cables signal conditioner to sound card amplifier USB sound card cable to computer 2 x 110/230 Volt to 18Volt adaptor 2 x Adaptor cable

2. Setup of the system

2.1. Hardware
1. Carefully remove the protective grid from the probe. Especially the PU match probe can be fragile. Mount the probe on the grid. The probe should be orientated as indicated in Figure 1. The blue arrow indicated the measurement direction. The measurement direction should point to the loudspeaker. 2. Then tighten the screw (red arrow, Figure 1).

Figure 1. The sensitive direction is indicated with the blue arrow and should point towards the loudspeaker. Left: Mounting of the PU mini probe. Right: PU match probe

Calibration report

PU-Probe Model A

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Microflown Technologies B.V. 3. Then put the protective grid on the probe. Make sure the pillars of the grid are not in front of the sensor, see Figure 2. They can obstruct and alter the measurement

Center of the sensor

Figure 2. The pillars of the protective grid should not be in front of the sensor 4. Connect all electronics Sound card / channel 1 Sound card / channel 2 Particle velocity output Sound pressure output Loudspeaker volume BNC to loudspeaker

Signal conditioner

Sound card amplifier

Front view

Signal conditioner Sound card amplifier

Power switch amplifier Power switch signal conditioner Gain setting (set to high gain) Correction (set on) 18V power supply

USB cable to computer 18V power supply Rear view

Figure 3. Connections signal conditioner and sound card amplifier Calibration report PU-Probe Model A Page 4 of 11

Microflown Technologies B.V. 5. Connect the Lemo cable that comes from the signal conditioner to the probe. Then tighten the knob.

Tighten the knob

Plug from probe Jack cable from amplifier Connect the Lemo cable to the probe

Figure 4. Connections backside of the surface impedance setup 6. Switch on the signal conditioner and set it to corrected mode, high gain. Both for impedance calibration as for the sample measurement. Left switch down: corrected mode Right switch up: high gain

Orange led Figure 5. The signal conditioner should be set on high gain, corrected mode

2.2. Schematic setup of the system

Spherical loudspeaker Sample Probe

hs - h hs

Figure 6. Schematic layout of the setup Distance sphere-probe (hs h) : Distance from the front of the loudspeaker to the center of the probe Distance probe-sample (h) : Distance from the center of the probe to the material

Calibration report

PU-Probe Model A

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Microflown Technologies B.V.

3. Surface Impedance Program

3.1. Program start up
3.1.1. Sound card settings
7. Connect the sound card the computer 8. Please make sure the following sound card settings apply at all times (Figure 7) a. Double click the volume icon or select the sound and audio devices properties from the Control Panel b. For both the Playback and Recording the USB sound card should be selected. c. Playback > With the Speaker slider the speaker volume can be adjusted d. Playback > Mute the Line output e. Recording / Capture > Select the Line input and position the slider between the two lower stripes (the precise level is not needed) Select the USB Audio sound card Select the USB Audio sound card

Recording

Playback

Volume icon

Select the Line input

Set speaker to maximum

Mute the Line output

Figure 7. Left: Recording sound card properties. Right: Playback properties

Calibration report

PU-Probe Model A

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Microflown Technologies B.V.

3.1.2. Running the program

9. Open Matlab and select the folder where the program is located 10. Run SURFACE IMPEDANCE PROGRAM.M (right mouse button > run)

Figure 8. Matlab opening window. Run SURFACE_IMPEDANCE_PROGRAM.M

3.2. Measurements
11. Click the Measure button, see Figure 9. The 2 channel recording window will open.

Measure

Figure 9. Main window surface impedance program

Calibration report

PU-Probe Model A

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Microflown Technologies B.V.

3.2.1. Settings
12. Under Options >> Settings the measurement parameters can be changed.

Number of fft points Sample rate

Ambient temperature Select USB audio if not selected Measurement time (seconds)

Figure 10. Settings window of the 2 channel recording panel

3.2.2. Measure
Select Calibration or Measurement

Coherence

Auto spectrum: Pressure (ch1) Velocity (ch2)

Transfer function magnitude u/p

Transfer function phase u/p

Save the measurement

Figure 11. 2 channel recording measurement panel 13. Select Measurement or Calibration first. The measurement can automatically be saved to a subfolder in the Measurement or Calibration folder. This subfolder will automatically contain the date. 14. Press Start to start measuring.

Calibration report

PU-Probe Model A

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Microflown Technologies B.V.

15. Calibration. The measurements can be performed within a normal room (not anechoic). But please make sure there is not too much background noise during calibration. This will also result in a less high coherence. Make sure there are no drastic peaks in both the magnitude and the phase of the transfer function like in Figure 11. The phase flips of course from 180 to -180, but this is okay. 16. Sample measurement. The transfer function deviates from the calibration because of the material. Also the coherence is likely to drop at the frequencies where the sample is reflecting (area of high impedance so the velocity signal will be low). 17. Press Save. A window will open. The measurement can be saved to a .mat file in the specified directory. Avoid names containing an underscore (_), a comma separator (,) or a spacebar ( ). If for somewhat reason the signals do not appear properly in the 2 channel recording panel, check if the sound card is receiving the signals. In that case please re-initialize the sound card as described under 3.1.1 Sound card settings

3.3. Process the measurements

3.3.1. Load files
18. Load the calibration file

Figure 12. Load calibration / measurements 19. Load the measurement file. All windows will automatically refresh. When a different measurement is loaded it is not necessary to reload the calibration file.

Calibration report

PU-Probe Model A

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Microflown Technologies B.V.

3.3.2. Screen content

Change the axis properties of the selected graph and click Apply Fill in the distances used in the measurement

Averaging coefficient

Figure 13. Screenshot of the program with an example measurement loaded Transfer function of sound pressure (ch. 1) divided by particle velocity (ch. 2) The raw data is smoothed to filter out unwanted reflections. Please look at the data carefully to see if the smoothed line follows the raw data sufficiently. If this is not the case the number of averages can be influenced by changing the value of the averaging coefficient # average measured sample. A value of zero means the data is not smoothed. For most samples this parameter can have a value of 1 or higher. But some samples have a very drastic behavior (like the quarter lambda sample). To follow the measured data correctly the averaging coefficient should be lower. Upper left graph : The magnitude of the raw data with all reflections and the smoothed response. Both the calibration measurement as the sample measurement is displayed. Upper right graph : The phase of the raw data and the smoothed response. Calibration measurement and sample measurement.

Impedance Middle left graph

: The magnitude response of impedance divided by c (density of air and speed of sound) Middle right graph : The phase response of impedance

Calibration report

PU-Probe Model A

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Microflown Technologies B.V. Absorption / Reflection coefficient Lower left graph : The magnitude response of reflection and the absorption coefficient. Both lines can be selected or unselected with the checkmarks below the graph

Figure 14. The checkbox should be selected to display the absorption or reflection curve Lower right graph : Phase of the reflection coefficient

3.3.3. Separate plots

The curves from the main window and some additional curves can be plotted.

Figure 15. The curves can be plotted in a separate window.

3.3.4. Workspace
After loading a calibration and measurement file, automatically the following values will be exported to the workspace.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

1. Name Measurement file 2. Name Calibration file 3. Column 1: Coherence pressurespeaker Column 2: Coherence velocity-speaker 4. Matrix with all data 5. Names of the columns of TotalMatrix 6. All measurement settings

Figure 16. Data will automatically be exported to the Matlab workspace

Calibration report

PU-Probe Model A

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