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Why gateway congestion control ?
Previous work on congestion avoidance gateway Guidelines and Principles of the RED algorithm Implementation issues Simulation results
Drop Tail
packets are dropped when the queue overflows suffer from global synchronization (loss in throughput)
Random Drop
randomly choose a packet from the queue to drop when the queue is full drop probability is proportional to transmission rate unfair for different round-trip time paths
IP Source Quench
send an ICMP source quench to the source to indicate congestion discrepancy in implementations
principles:
monitor the average queue size for each output queue use randomization to choose to notify congestion accommodate both transient and longer-lived congestion probability to be notified is proportional to share
An upper bound of wq
rule: accommodate a burst of L packets avgL: sum(iwq(1-wq)L-i, i, 1, L) < minth
A lower bound of wq
rule: respond quickly enough to reflect actual queue size -1/ln(1-wq) packets are required to reflect a steady queue size of 1 packet (reach 1-1/e = 0.63)
as if m packets had arrived C1 = maxp/(maxth-minth) C2 = max Inter-marking time uniformly pminth/(max th-min th) distributed between 1 to 1/pb
Simulation (1)
maxth minth
Simulation (2)
Comments:
With the same throughput, RED gateways have shorter average queue size, which means shorter average delay. RED gateways have better network power (throughput/delay). Drop Tail gateways with small queue drop packets during slow-start phase. Drop Tail gateway suffer from global synchronization.
Simulation (3)
Control average queue size well !! Marking rate reflects the degree of congestion.
Simulation (4)
Drop Tail
Random Drop
Drop Tail and Random Drop has a bias against bursty traffic.
The connection that has a large fraction of the marked packets is likely to have a large fraction of the average bandwidth. So we can identify such a connection with the fraction of marked packets.
Future Work
optimum average queue size for maximizing throughput and minimizing delay traffic dynamics with a mix of Drop Tail and RED gateways the RED gateway behavior with transport protocols other than TCP priority by marking information in the RED algorithm
More RFCs
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Gateway Congestion Control Survey, RFC 1254 Recommendations on Queue Management and Congestion Avoidance in the Internet, RFC 2309 IETF Criteria for Evaluated Reliable Multicast Transport and Application Protocols, RFC 2357 A proposal to add Explicit Congestion Notification to IP, RFC 2481 TCP Congestion Control, RFC 2581 Congestion Control Principles, RFC 2914