a. Disasters or falling short i. Estimates fall short, debt rises 1. California Doyle http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Doyle-Driveproject-continues-with-deficit-closed-3375828.php 2.

California: State Route 125 - South Bay Expressway http://voiceofsandiego.org/2013/02/22/when-ahighway-becomes-an-impulse-buy/ 3. Dulles Rail disaster http://washingtonexaminer.com/dulles-rail-phase-iiheaded-for-death-spiral/article/40772 Virginia's privately owned Dulles Greenway and public/private Pocahontas Parkway in Richmond both failed to meet revenue projections. So did San Diego's South Bay Expressway, which went bankrupt in April despite the same kind of low-interest federal financing MWAA is now seeking. A price elasticity study there found that when parallel routes are available, toll roads lose 75 percent of their traffic volume when tolls double. The same dynamic was experienced by the bankrupt North Texas Toll Road Authority, which desperately raised tolls 32 percent as traffic declined, exacerbating the problem. 1. Canada Port Mann Bridge http://thetyee.ca/Opinion/2012/12/20/Port-MannUpdate/ 2. Tanzania Water http://www.waterworld.com/articles/wwi/print/volu me-28/issue-1/editorial-focus/public-privatepartnerships/tanzanian-tales-why-ppp-failed-toscale.html 3. New Zealand: Railway Network http://www.itfglobal.org/railways/unionreportsissue8.cfm 4. California: Stockton Municipal Water Utilities http://www.inthepublicinterest.org/sector/water-andsewer 5. Canada: The Confederation Bridge http://www.docstoc.com/docs/124714584/Analysis-

of-Public-Private-Sector-Partnership-TheConfederation 6. Australia: North-South Bypass Tunnel http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clem_Jones_Tunnel The price of the toll has been criticised as too expensive and the ventilation stacks as too intrusivePatronage of the tunnel decreased by more than 65% in the week following the introduction of a reduced toll period, and remains considerably lower than the predicted traffic volumeseconomic failure due to incorrect predictions of traffic volume..unable to collect enough tolls to pay the interest on its $1.3 billion debt and went into receivership 7. Canada: Hamilton-Wentworth Water & Wastewater Treatment Plant http://www.prairiedogmag.com/waste-water-andpublic-private-partnerships/ 8. London: the London Underground http://www.tunneltalk.com/London-UndergroundMay10-Tube-Lines-PPP-fails.php 9. Canada: The Sea-to-Sky Highway http://lailayuile.com/2010/10/25/breaking-news-bcliberals-inked-hidden-toll-into-sea-to-sky-highwaydeal-and-we-all-pay-for-the-next-25-years/ hidden toll into the agreement to build and maintain the Sea to Sky highway provincial government will be paying a shadow toll on every vehicle that uses the highway for the duration of the agreement, which is 25 years. Where does that toll go? To the private company that operates and maintain the road ii. Toll Roads 1. http://www.moodys.com/research/Moodysdowngrades-Atami-Beach-Line-deals-review-continues-PR_269746 2. http://www.moodys.com/credit-ratings/Toll-RoadInvestors-Partnership-II-LP-credit-rating-806795545 3. http://www.moodys.com/research/Moodysdowngrades-the-ratings-on-SH-130-ConcessionCompany-Senior--PR_270798

4. http://www.tollroadsnews.com/node/6505 5. http://www.reformandfreedom.org/2012-06-01-0309-30/latest-news/86-public-privatepartnerships/325-moody-s-downgrades-cintra-scredit-rating-on-sh-130-for-foreseeable-future 6. http://www.afscmeinfocenter.org/privatizationupdate /2013/04/85-mph-toll-road-revenue-falls-short-ofneed.htm 7. http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2013/04/13/moodys -downgrades-turnpike-bonds-cites-toll-concerns/ 8. http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/local_news/artic le/Toll-road-traffic-far-less-than-expected4413091.php iii. Airport 1. http://www.dfwairport.com/cs/groups/public/docum ents/webasset/p1_057093.pdf 2. http://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20120720/B LOGS02/120729985/moodys-downgrades-6-5-billionin-ohare-debt iv. Water 1. Stockton, CA: Prices soared. 2. Los Angeles County, CA: Corruption convictions, lost public accountability. 3. Pekin, IL: Rates tripled. 4. Indianapolis, IN: 60 sewage overflows a year, water shortages, accusations of corruption. 5. Atlanta, GA: Costs soared, fire hydrants failed, faucets spewed dirty water, drinking water standards violated. 6. Tom's River, NJ: Radium in drinking water. 7. Cranston, RI: Pollutants in drinking water. v. Parking meters risk for consumers 1. http://www.moodys.com/research/Moodys-affirmsChicago-Parking-Meters-Baa3-rating--PR_208726

2. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/30/us/30cncmeter s.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0