Table of Contents

Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................................... 3 Preface......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Great Revolutionary Leaders ........................................................................................................................ 5 Countries ruled by British Empire ............................................................................................................... 13 Rule over India ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Specific Disasters......................................................................................................................................... 14 Newspapers and Magazines in India .......................................................................................................... 14 Newspapers ............................................................................................................................................ 14 Magazines and Children Books ............................................................................................................... 18 Television in India ....................................................................................................................................... 21 Questions related to this Chapter............................................................................................................... 22 Scoring System ......................................................................................................................................... 24 Bibliography: ........................................................................................................................................... 25 Thank You! .............................................................................................................................................. 25

Acknowledgement

When a book like this comes into existence, it is very hard to name and thank all the people that helped me shape this book. It took me over 7 years to consolidate and format all the content in a manner that may benefit the readers. However, I would like to start by

thanking my wife Suman Bansal for her patience and the time I stole from her. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my father Shri B. D. Bansal for his encouragement, invaluable experience and support.

I would like to thank my elder son Anurag Bansal who helped me design it and offer it on various online portals. My younger son Gaurav Bansal helped me put together all the questions related to the content.

Preface

As I mentioned in the previous parts that the idea of this book came to my mind after reviewing so many competitive examinations in examination halls or through Media and many people drop out without any success. I think most of the time the reason was either not enough preparation or lack of resources to enhance the knowledge required to compete with others.

Thats why I started writing this book on various subjects so that it can offer the basic guidance to the people preparing for the competition. Nonetheless everyone can get benefitted with this set of books because Ignorance is the curse of God, Knowledge is the wing wherewith we fly to heaven.

The Key to Success has been written for the people trying to prepare for any competition. Therefore the scope of this book is not to deep dive on any subject rather to swim across various layers but what one need to qualify. However, this book cannot be used to gain exhaustive knowledge on any given subject but it provides enough information that you can easily remember and be better prepared for anything.

As usual, at the end of the book, a multi-choice Questionnaire is given that has only one correct answer. Try to attempt those questions on your own and then check the correct answers from the Answer Sheet.

Good Luck !!!

Great Revolutionary Leaders

abindranath Thakur was born in Calcutta on 7th May 1861 to Devendra Nath Tagore and Sharda

Devi. The original name of the Tagore family was Banerjee. Being Brahmins, their ancestors were referred to as 'Thakur'. The family name got anglicised to Tagore. He was married in 1883 to Mrinalini Devi. In 1901 Tagore moved to Shanti Niketan to found an ashram. The Jana Gana Mana was composed in Bengali Sanskrit by Tagore which was translated into Hindi by Abid Ali. He was author of Gitanjali which was written by him in 1910. He

became the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913. He also published Naivedya and Kheya before Gitanjali. Tagore was a prolific composer with 2,230 songs to his credit. His songs are known as Ravindra Sangeet. He also wrote eight novels including Chaturanga, Char Adhyay and Noukadubi. Between 1878 and 1932, Tagore travelled almost all Continents in more than thirty countries viz. England, Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Iraq, Sri Lanka, Japan, Kuala Lumpur, Thailand, Singapore etc. He died on 7th August, 1941.

ubhash Chandra Bose born 23rd January 1897 was one of the most prominent Indian nationalist leaders who attempted to liberate India from British rule. He left India in 1919 for Great Britain to appear in the Indian Civil Services Examination. He went to study in Cambridge. He was selected in Civil Services job but he resigned and returned to India. He was elected the President of All India Youth Congress.

He married to a German girl named Emilie Schenkl in 1937. On 6th July, 1944 he addressed Mahatma Gandhi as the Father of the Nation in a speech broadcast from Singapore. His famous slogans were Give me blood and I will give you freedom, Dilli Chalo, Jai Hind. On 18th August, 1945 while en route to Tokyo, his plane was crashed and was badly burned dying in a local hospital.

ardar Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel born on 31st October, 1875 was an Indian barrister and one of the leaders of the Indian National Congress.

He is also regarded as "Iron Man of India". He was the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India in 1947. Died on 15th December, 1950.

wami Vivekananda, real name Narendra Nath Dutt was born on 12th January, 1863. He introduced Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the western world. He travelled to the United States and represented India as a delegate in the 1893 Parliament of World Religions. He is regarded as a patriotic saint of modern India and his birthday is celebrated as National Youth Day. In 1888, Vivekananda started visiting Indian places for meditation and study of scriptures etc. He travelled to Kanyakumari on foot in 1892 and meditated on the last bit of Indian rock, famously known as Vivekananda Rock Memorial. From there he visited Madras and met some most devoted disciples, who collected funds for his voyage to America and later in establishing the Ramakrishna Mission there. Vivekananda left for Chicago on 31st May 1893. On his way to

Chicago, Vivekananda visited Japan in 1893. He visited Osaka, Kyoto and Tokyo and called the Japanese "one of the cleanest people on earth". During his first visit to England in 1895, he met Margaret Elizabeth Noble, an Irish lady, who would later become Sister Nivedita. Marie Louise, a French woman, became Swami Abhayananda and Mr. Leon Landsberg became Swami Kripananda. Sister Nivedita devoted the rest of her life to the education of Indian women and the cause of India's independence. He founded Vedanta societies at San Francisco and New York and also founded Shanti Ashram (Peace Retreat) at California. Due to declining health and ailments such as asthma and diabetes, Vivekananda died on 4 July 1902. The books written by him were Karma Yoga, Raja Yoga (1896), Inspired Talks (1909), Bhakti Yoga and The East and the West.

B L

al Gangadhar Tilak born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak on 23 July 1856 was an Indian activist. He was also called "Lokmanya". Before joining Politics, he began teaching mathematics in Pune and also became a journalist. He joined Indian National Congress in 1890. ala Lajpat Rai born 28 January 1865 was an Indian freedom fighter. He was popularly known as Punjab Kesari. In 1928, the British government set up a Commission, headed by Sir John Simon, to report on

In 1895, Tilak founded Shri Shivaji Fund Committee for celebration of Death anniversary of Shivaji Maharaj. He also started Marathi weekly Kesari in 1880s. He died on 1st August, 1920.

political situation in India. Indian political parties boycotted the Commission because it did not include a single Indian. When the Commission visited Lahore on 30th October, 1928, Lajpat Rai led a nonviolent protest

against them in a silent march. The police responded with violence and the Superintendent of Police, James A. Scott ordered to lathicharge the protesters and personally assaulted Lajpat Rai.

He sustained serious injuries and died on 17th November, 1928. His death anniversary is celebrated as Martyrs' Day in India.

D
C

adabhai Naoroji born 4th September 1825 was a Parsi Cotton trader and an Indian political leader. He was a Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom House of Commons between 1892 and 1895 and the first Asian to be a British MP. hakravarti Rajagopalachari born 10th December 1878 was a lawyer, politician, independence activist, writer and statesman. He was the last Governor-General of India. He also served as leader of the Indian National Congress, Premier of the Madras Presidency, Governor of West Bengal, Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union and Chief Minister of Madras state.

He was a professor of Mathematics and Natural philosophy in Mumbai. He travelled to London in 1855 and became a partner in Cama & Co. He established his own cotton trading company, Naoroji & Co. in 1859. He died on 30th June, 1917.

He was one of the first recipients of Bharat Ratna. He was also called 'Mango of Salem'. Rajagopalachari and Mahatma Gandhi were related by marrying their children. At J.L. Nehru's invitation in 1950, Rajagopalachari joined the Union Cabinet as Minister without any porfolio. Later he was made Minister of Home Affairs for nearly 10 months. He died on 25th Dec., 1972.

ahatma Gandhi was born on 2nd October, 1869 in Porbandar in his Ancestral home Kirti Mandir.

In 1876 Gandhi moved with his family to Rajkot. His father was Karamchand Gandhi and mother Putlibai, who was Karamchand's fourth wife. At the age of 14, in 1883 Gandhi got married to Kasturba Makanji. In 1888, Gandhi travelled to London to become barrister. In 1893, he worked in South Africa.

Gandhi was 24 when he arrived in South Africa to work as a legal representative for the Muslim Indian Traders. He spent 21 years in South Africa, where he developed his political views and leadership skills. His first major achievements were Champaran (Bihar) and Kheda (Gujarat) agitations in 1918. The Champaran agitation was related to forcefully grow Indigo and to sell their crops to the planters at a fixed price. While Kheda was hit by

floods and famine and the peasantry was demanding relief from taxes. Gandhi was imprisoned for six years in 1922. Again in 1930 he had to go to jail for breaking India's Salt Laws. In 1942 Gandhi began Quit India movement which lasted in 1947 after getting independence. On 30th January, 1948 Gandhi was assassinated at a prayer meeting in Delhi.

Gandhi did not receive the Nobel Peace Prize although he was nominated five times between 1937 and 1948 and was shortlisted only in 1937 and 1947. Gandhi was nominated in 1948 but was assassinated before nominations closed. That year, the committee chose not to award the peace prize.

awaharlal Nehru born 14th November 1889 was first Prime Minister of India. His mother Swarup Rani, a Kashmiri Brahmin family settled in Lahore, was Motilal's second wife. Jawaharlal was the eldest of three children, two of whom were girls. After returning to India in August 1912, Nehru practiced as an advocate of Allahabad High Court. In 1955 Nehru was awarded Bharat Ratna. During the prime ministership of Jawaharlal Nehru, they established All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Indian Institutes of Technology (I.I.Ts), Indian Institutes of Management (I.I.Ms.) and National Institutes of Technology (N.I.T.). Nehru also planned to guarantee free and compulsory primary education to all of India's children. Nehru also launched initiatives such as the provision of free milk

and meals to children in order to fight malnutrition. Adult education centre, vocational and technical schools were also organized for adults, especially in the rural areas. A system of reservations in government services and educational institutions was created to eradicate the social inequalities and disadvantages faced by peoples of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. Hindi was adopted as the official language of India in 1950 with English continuing as an associate official language for a period of fifteen years. He died on 27th May 1964. 14th November is celebrated as Baal Divas. Nehru wrote The Discovery of India, Glimpses of World History and his autobiography, Toward Freedom.

arojini Naidu born on 13th February, 1879, also known as The Nightingale of India was an Indian independence activist and poet. Naidu was the first Indian woman to become the

President of the Indian National Congress and the first woman to become the Governor of Uttar Pradesh. Her birthday is celebrated as Women's Day.

uhammad Ali Jinnah born 25th December 1876 was a lawyer, politician and the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served as leader of the AllIndia Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistan's independence on 14 August 1947 and as Pakistan's first Governor-General from independence until his death. He is revered in Pakistan as Quaidi-Azam. He worked in Graham's Shipping and Trading Company at London. His wife was Emi Bai. In 1893, Jinnah family moved to Bombay and began his practice in Bombay.

As Governor General of Pakistan, he fixed his salary at Re. 1 per month. In 1918, Jinnah married his second wife Rattanbai Petit. They had only one daughter Dina Jinnah (Wadia), born on 15th August 1919. She remained in India after independence before settling in New York. Jinnah is depicted on all Pakistani rupee currency. The former Quaidi-Azam International Airport in Karachi is now called Jinnah International Airport. The "Jinnah Tower" in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh was built to commemorate Jinnah. He died on 11th Sept., 1948. remained Vice Chancellor from 1919 to 1938. He was Chairman of Hindustan Times from 1924 to 1946. He started the tradition of Aarti of sacred River Ganga at Har ki Pauri, Haridwar which is performed till date. The employment opportunities were poor where crime and violence was very high in Ralegan. Hazare and the youth group decided to ban alcohol in the village. Over thirty liquor brewing units voluntarily closed their establishments. State government also amended the act in 2009 and decided to ban the sale of tobacco, cigarettes etc. in the village. Even today it is no longer sold in the village. The farmers started growing highyield varieties and changed cropping pattern. Since 1975, Hazare helped farmers of more than 70 villages in drought-prone regions in Maharashtra.

M A

adan Mohan Malaviya born 25th December, 1861 was an Indian educationist and freedom fighter.

He was founder of the largest residential university in Asia i.e. Banaras Hindu University in 1916, having over 12000 students. He nna Hazare, real name Kisan Baburao Hazare born 15th June 1937 is an Indian social activist.

He led movements to promote rural development and increase government transparency. He frequently conducted hunger strikes. He contributed to the development of Ralegan Siddhi village near Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra. He was awarded Padma Bhushan in 1992. During Indo-China War of 1962, he was posted at the border of Khem Karan sector.

 Hazare converted the irrigated land of Ralegan Siddhi from 70 acres to 2500 acres between 1975 and 2000. In 1991 Hazare launched the Bhrashtachar Virodhi Jan

Aandolan, a popular movement to fight against corruption in Ralegan Siddhi. Anna Hazare is unmarried and lives in a small room there.

K A

anaiyalal Maneklal Munshi born 30 December 1887 was a Freedom fighter, Politician, Lawyer and Writer. He was also founder of Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan in 1938.

He was Minister for Agriculture & Food in 1952 Cabinet. He was also Governor of Uttar Pradesh during 1952-57. He died on 8th Feb., 1971.

bul Kalam Muhiyuddin Ahmed Azad, popularly known as Maulana Azad, born on 11th November, 1888 in Mecca, was a senior political leader of the Indian independence movement. He was one of the most prominent Muslim leaders to support HinduMuslim unity, opposing the partition of India on communal lines.

During first Cabinet in 1947, he became the Minister of Education. His birthday is celebrated as National Education Day in India. He is also credited with the foundation of the University Grants Commission. He was posthumously awarded Bharat Ratna in 1992. He died on 22nd February, 1958. She was married to Maharaja Gangadhar Rao of Jhansi in 1842. From May 1857 to June 1858 she fought against British Army. Laxmi Bai with her son jumped from the Fort on her horse Badal. In this event, the horse Badal died. She was also badly wounded and died on 18th June, 1858. After his involvement in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British tried and then exiled him from Delhi and sent him to Rangoon along with his wife Zeenat Mahal and other family members in 1858. Bahadur Shah died in exile on 7 November 1862 in Rangoon. He was buried in Yangoon.

ani Laxmi Bai born 19th November, 1828 was the queen of the Maratha ruled state of Jhansi.

She was born into a brahmin family of Varanasi and was named Manikarnika, nicknamed Manu and Chhabili.

ahadur Shah Zafar, real name Mirza Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad, born on 24th October 1775 was the last Mughal emperor and a member of the Timur Dynasty. Zafar had four wives named Ashraf Mahal, Akhtar Mahal, Zeenat Mahal and Begum Taj Mahal.

ikander Bakht born on August 24, 1918 was a politician leader of India and Freedom Fighter. He was one of the leaders of the Bharatiya Janata Party. In 1968 he was elected as the Chairman of Delhi Electric Supply Undertaking. On June 25, 1975 when the Emergency was declared by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, Bakht along with other opposition

leaders were imprisoned in Rohtak Jail. In the cabinet of 1977 Bakht was elected to the Lok Sabha and was Minister for Works, Housing, Supply and Rehabilitation. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in the year 2000. He served as Governor of Kerala also. Bakht died on February 23, 2004 who was the first Governor died in office. then to Jawaharlal. After India gained independence, Kidwai became India's first Minister for Communications. After the first general elections in 1952, Mr.Kidwai was given portfolio of Food and Agriculture at a time when there was food rationing in the country. He died on 24th October, 1954. Lahore in 1928 to avenge the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai. On 27th February 1931 he went to the Alfred Park Allahabad to meet one revolutionary colleague, Sukhdev. The police raided the site. Faced with armed police, Azad fired upon them and killed three policemen and wounded some others. He shot himself dead with his last bullet on 27th February, 1931. The Kakori conspiracy, also called Kakori train robbery was a train robbery that took place between Kakori and Alamnagar near th Lucknow on 9 August 1925 during the Indian Independence Movement against the British Indian Government. o The robbery was organized by the Hindustan Republican Association. It was conceived by Ram

R
C

afi Ahmed Kidwai born 18 February 1894 was a politician and Indian independence activist. He entered into politics through the Khilafat movement. After his release from jail in 1922 Kidwai moved to Allahabad where he attached to the Nehru family as private secretary to Motilal Nehru and handra Shekhar Azad born on 23rd July, 1906 was an Indian revolutionary. He was earlier called Chandra Shekhar Tewari. He re-organized the Hindustan Republican Association after the death of its founder, Ram Prasad Bismil, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri and Ashfaqulla Khan. His forefathers were from Unnao District. He learned archery from the tribal Bhils of Jhabua district. He joined Non Cooperation Movement in 1921. He was arrested and jailed. He committed several acts of violence and raised funds through robberies of government property. He was also involved in Kakori Train Robbery of 1925, in the attempt to blow up the Viceroy's train in 1926 and at last the shooting of J.P. Saunders at

Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqullah Khan. On 9th August, 1925, 8-Dn. Saharanpur - Lucknow train was approaching Kakori when one of the revolutionaries pulled the chain to stop the train and overpowered the guard. They looted the train as it was supposed to carry

money belonging to British Government Treasury. Later Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqullah Khan and 40 others were arrested from different parts of country. The legal defence was provided by Gobind Ballabh, Chandra Bhanu Gupta etc.

hagat Singh born 28th September 1907 was an Indian revolutionary of the Indian independence movement. He was involved in the murder of British police officer John Saunders. He undertook a successful effort to throw two bombs and leaflets inside the Central Legislative Assembly along with Batukeshwar Dutt. He underwent a 116 day fast in jail, demanding equal rights for

British and Indian political prisoners. He was convicted and subsequently hanged for his participation in the murder on 23rd March, 1931 when he was only 23 years old. Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were sentenced to death jointly and the Jail authorities secretly cremated them and threw the ashes into the Sutlej river. 23rd March is observed as Shaheed Divas in India. of East India Association and Central Asian Society at London where Michael ODwyer was the speaker. Singh concealed his revolver in a book, managed to enter the hall and took up position against the wall. At the end of the meeting, Singh fired from his revolver on O'Dwyer twice who died immediately. He was arrested on the spot. Singh was convicted and was sentenced to death on 31st July, 1940.

dham Singh born December 26, 1899 was an Indian revolutionary socialist and best known for assassinating Michael O'Dwyer in March 1940 as an avenging of the Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre. Singh changed his name to Ram Mohammad Singh Azad. When Brig.Gen. Dyer ordered to open fire on about 20000 Indians on 13th April, 1919 at Jallianwala who were assembled there to hear a political speech, Udham Singh took revenge after 21 years on 13th March 1940 during a joint meeting

hivaram Hari Rajguru born August 24, 1908 was an Indian revolutionist. He was a colleague of Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev and took part

in the murder of a British police officer, J.P. Saunders at Lahore in 1928. He was convicted of the crime and hanged on March 23, 1931.

A A

shfaqulla Khan born 22nd October 1900 was a freedom fighter in the Indian independence movement who sacrificed with Ram Prasad Bismil. Ashfaqulla Khan was the first Muslim

who was hanged in a Conspiracy against British Raj from India. They were hanged the same day of 19th December 1927 in Faizabad and Gorakhpur Jail.

Countries ruled by British Empire

ustralia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa were separate countries under British Colonies by an act called Statute of Westminster Act Governed by Spain Germany France Argentina Albania Luxembourg Brazil Australia Egypt Ireland Kenya Maldives Qatar Sudan Afghanistan which was passed in 1931. The following countries were governed by the British Empire in the past.

Name(s) of the Countries ruled over Bolivia Belgium Monaco Cen.R.Africa Brunei Ethiopia Israel Kuwait Mauritius South Africa U.S.A. Finland Chile Denmark Netherlands Mexico Canada Fiji Iraq Malaysia Nigeria Seychelles U.A.E. Hungary Philippines Greece Norway Vietnam Cyprus INDIA Jamaica Myanmar Pakistan Sri Lanka N. Korea

United Kingdom

Soviet Union

Rule over India

ndia was ruled by Mughal Dynasty during the period 1526 till 1707 by Babar (15261530), Humayun (15301540), Akbar (15561605), Jahangir Saleem (16051627), Shah Jahan (16271657) and Aurangzeb (16581707).

During the period 1540 to 1555 the rule of India was under Suri Dynasty. British Emperors ruled over India from 1876 to 1947 as o Queen Victoria (18761901), o King Edward VII (1901 1910),

o o o

King George V (19101936), King Edward VIII (1936) and King George VI (19361947).

Bhutan, China, Nepal, U.S.S.R., Saudi Arabia, Japan, Iran, United

Kingdom, Mongolia, Iran, Jordan and Oman were Independent countries and were not ruled over by any other countries ever.

Specific Disasters

isaster is a sudden event of widespread destruction which is caused by Cyclones, Hurricanes, Earthquake, Flood, Heat waves, Storms, Hailstorms, Tsunamis, Volcanic eruption, industrial accidents, negligence, Fire etc. Minamata disease was caused by dumping of mercury compounds in Minamata Bay in Japan by a Fertilizer cum Petrochemical company Chisso Corporation from 1932 to 1967. They were found responsible for polluting the bay for 37 years causing over 3000 people suffered severe mercury poisoning symptoms or death. Dirty 30s or Dust Bowl was a period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and Canadian lands in 1930s mainly at Colarado, Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico. It was caused by severe drought. The drought and erosion of the Dust Bowl affected about 4.0 lac sq.kms. area. Hundreds of thousands of people were forced to leave their farms and were

migrated to California and other places. Chernobyl disaster was a catastrophic nuclear accident that occurred on 26th April 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine. An explosion and fire released large quantities of radioactive particles into the atmosphere which spread over much of the western USSR and Europe. Itai-itai disease was a case of mass cadmium poisoning in Japan, starting around 1912. The cadmium poisoning caused due to fish of the water and rice irrigated with water, caused softening of the bones and kidney failure. The disease is named for the severe pains caused in the joints and spine. The cadmium was released into rivers by mining companies in the mountains. Itai-itai disease is known as one of the Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan.

Newspapers and Magazines in India

Newspapers

ewspapers in India have almost become a habit with the people. An early morning without a newspaper and cup of tea is incomplete for most of the people in India. The four major global newspaper markets are China (107 million), India (99 million), Japan (68 million) and the United States, selling nearly 51 million copies per day. The sale of Indian newspapers has increased over last few years. Out of 100 best-selling newspapers in the world, 74 are being published in Asian countries. Dainik Jagran was started in 1942 and today it stands at no. 1 with a readership of over 55 million. Owned by Jagaran Prakashan Ltd. It covers 11 states of India. i-next, City Plus, Mid-DAY and Sakhi Hindi magazine are editions of this group. Nai Dunia is a Hindi daily published from Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. It was started in 1947 and is published from Indore, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Bhopal, Raipur and Bilaspur. Dainik Bhaskar is a newspaper of D B Corp Ltd., owned by Ramesh Chandra Agrawal family of Bhopal. Dainik Bhaskar, Divya Bhaskar, Divya Marathi, Aha! Zindagi are also published by the group. It covers Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Chhattisgarh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh and New Delhi. Divya Bhaskar is a Gujarati newspaper. DNA from Mumbai is also published by this group under

collaboration with Zee Group. Bhaskar group runs across 11 states of India with their 48 editions to 15 million readers every day. Hindustan Times was launched with Mahatma Gandhi in 1924. During 1947, Hindustan Times attained the status of being the dominant newspaper in Delhi. o It has a circulation of 15 lac copies. It has reached to Northern India with editions from New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Patna, Ranchi, Bhopal and Chandigarh. Jaipur Press was discontinued in 2006. o In 1957, K.K. Birla took over the mantle from G.D. Birla. o In 1960, Kadambini, Hindi magazine was started. o In 1964 Nandan, a children magazine was started in memory of Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru. o In 2006, Fever 104 FM was launched with technical collaboration of Virgin Group. o In 2007, Mint, the business paper in partnership with the Wall Street Journal was launched in Delhi and Mumbai. Hindustan is Hindi newspaper, ranks as third largest-read daily in India. It has 13 editions with over 12 million readers. The Indian Express is an Indian English-language daily newspaper. It is published from Delhi, Mumbai, Nagpur, Pune, Kolkata, Ludhiana, Chandigarh, Lucknow

and Ahmedabad. In 1931, Indian Express was started by an Ayurvedic doctor who sold it to Swaminathan Sadanand. Faced with financial difficulties, Sadanand sold a part of his stake to Ramanath Goenka. Now Sadanand lost ownership of Indian Express. Malayala Manorama is a daily newspaper in Malayalam language published in Kerala. It was first published in 1890 and currently has a readership of over 20 million. It was brought by the Manorama Group. It has 32 publications all over India in five languages i.e. English, Hindi, Malayalam, Tamil and Bengali. The printing press are installed at Kerala (11 places), Mangalore, Bengaluru, Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi and Dubai. Amar Ujala is owned by Amar Ujala Publications Ltd. It is a Hindi daily newspaper in India. It was founded on 18 April 1948 in Agra and is now distributed in Chandigarh, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. It has a readership of about 3 million. The Times Group also referred as Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd. is the largest mass media company in India. It is a family-owned business of Sahu Jain family since 1948. The first edition appeared in 1838 as The Bombay Times. In 1892 Bennett entered into a partnership with Coleman to form a joint stock company Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. It has the largest circulation among all

English newspapers in the world with a readership of about 8 million. o It is published from Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Patna, Pune, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Nagpur, Kochi, Lucknow, Goa, Mangalore, Mysore, Bhopal, Ranchi, Chandigarh, Bhubaneswar, Visakhapatnam, Guwahati, Trivandrum, Aurangabad, Kolhapur etc. o Femina was launched in 1959 and the Economic Times in 1961. o Radio Mirchi, a FM channel was launched in 2001. The Economic Times is an English daily newspaper published by the Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. Since 1961. It is the world's second-most widely read English Business paper after Wall Street Journal. o It is published from Delhi, Mumbai, Pune, Bengaluru, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Nagpur, Ahmedabad & Chandigarh. o Its main content is based on Finance, Indian economy, International finance, Shares and commodities etc. o The Editorial Director is Rahul Joshi. o It is printed on salmon pink paper. o In June 2009, it also launched a television channel called ET Now. Navbharat Times is the largest circulated Hindi newspaper of Delhi and Mumbai under Bennett Coleman & Co. Ltd. Group since

1947. It has a readership of about 2 million. Rajasthan Patrika is a Hindi daily newspaper published from Jaipur, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Udaipur, Kota, Bhopal, Indore, Jabalpur, Raipur, Ahmedabad, Gwalior, Kolkata, Chennai, New Delhi and Bengaluru. It was founded by Kapoor Chandra Kulish which is presently run by Dr. Gulab Kothari. Its total readership is about 7 million. Mathrubhumi is a Malayalam language newspaper that is published from Kerala. It was founded by K. P. Kesava Menon in 1923. It is the second most widely read newspaper daily in Kerala with a readership of about 10 million. o It is printed from Kerala (11 places), New Delhi, Chennai, Bengaluru and Mumbai. o Mathrubhumi is also printed from Dubai. Eenadu is a Telugu language daily newspaper which is the largest circulated newspaper in Andhra Pradesh. It has a current readership of about 6 million. o Eenadu was founded by Ramoji Rao in 1974. o Eenadu's ventured into Priya Foods, Usha Kiran and Mayuri Films and ETV channels. All the business are organized under Ramoji Group. Ananda Bazar Patrika is a Bengali daily newspaper published from Kolkata, New Delhi and Mumbai by

the ABP Group. It is the most widely read Bengali newspaper in India with a readership of about 6 million. The paper was founded in 1922. Sakshi is a Telugu daily newspaper. It is published by Jagati Publications, owned by Jagan Mohan Reddy, son of Late YSR Reddy, ex-Chief minister of Andhra Pradesh. o It is very important to note that the entire Newspaper is published in color printing which is the only color newspaper in India. o It was launched in 2008 and holds second largest circulating newspaper in Andhra Pradesh with a readership of about 1.5 million. It is one of the richest Indian newspapers in India. o It started its journey with 23 editions from Andhra Pradesh along with Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai and Bengaluru. Dinakaran is a Tamil daily newspaper and is the largest Tamil daily with a readership of nearly 12 lac. It is published from 12 locations including Chennai, Bengaluru, New Delhi, Mumbai etc. It was founded in 1977 by K. P. Kandaswamy. Daily Sakal is a Marathi daily newspaper. It is published from Pune, Mumbai, Kolhapur, Nasik, Aurangabad, Nanded, Solapur, Nagpur, Satara, Amravati and Jalgaon. It was founded in 1932 by Nanasaheb Parulekar. Presently

Pawar family looks after Sakal. The daily circulation is about 15 lac copies. Punjab Kesari is a Hindi newspaper published from Punjab and Haryana. It is owned by Punjab Kesari Group. It was established by Lala Jagat Narain. It has a daily circulation of more than 4 million and printed from Jalandhar, Ambala, Ludhiana, Panipat, Hisar, Jammu, Mohali, Chandigarh and Shimla. The Pioneer is a leading English newspaper published from Delhi, Lucknow, Kochi, Bhubaneswar, Bhopal, Chandigarh, Dehradun and Ranchi. It is the second oldest English language newspaper. Its Hindi version paper has also been published in Lucknow since 2010. The Hindu is an English daily newspaper. It was launched in 1878. It has a readership of 2.2 million people. It circulates mainly in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. It is printed at 18 locations including Chennai, Coimbatore, Bengaluru, Vizag, Hyderabad, Madurai, Noida, Kolkata, Mohali, Allahabad, Lucknow etc.

It has also established its foreign Bureaus at Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, China, Moscow, Paris, Dubai, London and United States of America. It is headed by Kasturi and Sons. It has many firsts in India to its credit such as adoption of facsimile system of page transmission in 1969 and to go on Internet in 1995.

Deccan Chronicle is an Indian English daily newspaper. It is published in Hyderabad and has a total readership of over 11 lac. It was started from 1938. o T.V. Reddys are managing its operations since late 1970s. o The IPL Cricket franchise of the Deccan Chargers was owned by Deccan Chronicle. Gayatri Reddy is the owner of Deccan Chargers. o It acquired the franchise from IPL in 2008 but was terminated by BCCI in 2012 due to failure of not providing a bank guarantee. o This franchise has now been acquired by Sun TV Group and is called Sun Risers Hyderabad.

Magazines and Children Books

Chanda Mama is a classic Indian monthly magazine for children. Originally, it was started in 1947 in Telugu language by a Telugu Film Director and Writer. o It is published in 13 languages in English, Kannada, Hindi, Marathi, Malayalam, Gujarati, Oriya, Bengali, Santali, Sanskrit and Aasamese. It has a readership of about 200,000.

Hindi edition was started in August 1949. Its Punjabi and Sindhi editions were published only for a short period. The editor is Prashant Mulekar.

Blitz; OK! India and Hi! Living. Since 2003 Cine Blitz went on international at USA and UK editions.

Lotpot is a weekly Hindi and English comic magazine published by Mayapuri Group of publications since 1969. Its total circulation is about 4 lac. India Today is an English weekly magazine since 1975. It is published in Hindi, Telugu, Tamil and Malayalam. India Today International is circulated across the world. Outlook is an independent weekly English News magazine. It features contents from politics, sports, cinema and stories of broad interests. Its first issue was launched in October, 1995 with Vinod Mehta as the Editor in Chief. Cine Blitz is a Hindi monthly film magazine. It belongs to VJM Media Group, promoted by Dr. Vijay Mallya. o Nichola Pais is the editor of Cine Blitz. Cine Blitz was launched by Russy Karanjia Rifa Publications in February 1975. o The first issue of Cine Blitz had Zeenat Aman on the cover. o In 2001, Dr. Vijay Mallya acquired a 100 percent stake in Rifa Publications and after the takeover, the group went on to add three more magazines namely Hi!

Mayapuri is the oldest and largest circulated Hindi film weekly magazine with a circulation over 3 lac magazines per week. It was first published in 1974 by Mayapuri Group. A.P. Bajaj is the chief editor of the group who also launched children favorite Lotpot and Madhu Muskan. Screen is a film magazine published every week in India. It is owned by The Indian Express. The content focuses on the Bollywood. Screen organizes and sponsors the Star Screen Awards for movies in Hindi. Stardust is a monthly Bollywood magazine published in English and Hindi. It also sponsors the Stardust Awards. The magazine is published by Mumbai-based Magna Publishing Co. Ltd. and was started by Nari Hira in 1971. It became popular under the editorship of Shobha De, a renowned Columnist after 1995. Business India is a fortnightly business news magazine founded by Ashok Hotchand Advani. It was founded in 1978. It has a circulation of about 1 lac copies per issue. Business Today is a fortnightly business magazine published by Living Media India Limited since

1992. It has a readership of about 4 lac per issue. Business World is one of the oldest as well as most respected business publications in the country. It was established in 1981. It publishes articles on the economy, banking, finance, industries, corporate houses and entrepreneurs. It is a part of the ABP Group who also publishes Ananda Bazar Patrika and The Telegraph. Chacha Chaudhary is a very popular Indian comic book. The comic comes in ten Indian languages including Hindi and English and has sold almost ten million copies. It has also been made into a television series with Raghuvir Yadav playing the lead role of Chacha Chaudhary. Pratiyogita Darpan is a bi-lingual magazine on current affairs and general knowledge especially useful for competitive exams. It is published by Upkar Prakashan, Agra. It covers wide areas from history, current affairs, economy, geography, politics etc. It has a total readership of more than 50 lac. Delhi Press is one of the leading magazine publishers of India, with 36 magazines in ten languages including Sarita, Champak, Saras Salil, Grih Shobha, Suman Saurabh, Mukta, Woman's Era, Manohar Kahaniyaan etc. It was

established in 1939 and today reaches out to more than 35 million readers. o Suman Saurabh is a monthly Hindi magazine for the young adolescent mind. It covers science, geography, biographies and many other interesting topics. o Sarita is a fortnightly Hindi magazine. The first edition of it was published in 1945. It is a favourite household magazine. o Saras Salil is the largest read magazine in India. o Champak is a popular fortnightly magazine for children since 1968. o Grih Shobha is a Hindi monthly magazine aimed at Indian woman. The magazine was started in 1979. It carries features on housekeeping, cookery, knitting, interior decoration, Handicrafts, beauty care, dress designing and hobbies etc. o Mukta is another monthly magazine of this group since 1961 that caters to the concerns and interests of the youth. With proper guidance and direction on career, marriage, romance, health, entertainment and fashion, it has been a trusted friend of people. o Woman's Era is a fortnightly magazine related to women since 1973. It covers health and lifestyle, relationships, grooming and social issues related topics.

Television in India

elevision in India started with the experimental telecast in Delhi on 15th September 1959.

The regular daily transmission started in 1965 as a part of All India Radio. It was extended to Bombay and Amritsar in 1972. Until 1975, only seven cities had a television service. Television services were separated from Akashwani radio in 1976. National telecasts were introduced in 1982. Colour TV was introduced in the India in 1982. Out of over 515 channels in India about 150 channels are Pay channels. The number of TV homes in India is about 150 million and Cable reaches to about 94 million homes. During 80s Hum Log (1984), Buniyaad (198687), Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi (1984), Ramayan (1987 88) and Mahabharat (198990) were telecasted on Doordarshan. During prime ministership of P.V. Narsimha Rao, the central government launched a series of economic and social reforms in 1991. Under these new policies,

the government allowed private and foreign broadcasters to engage in limited operations in India. There are five basic types of television in India o Broadcast television, o Free-to-air, o Direct-to-Home (DTH), o Cable television and o IPTV (Internet Protocol TV. Over-the-air and free-to-air TV is free with no monthly payments while Cable TV, DTH and IPTV require a monthly payment. These Channels are usually sold in groups. India currently has 7 major DTH service providers with over 35 million subscriber households which are o DishTV (ZEE TV subsidiary), o Tata Sky, o Videocon, o Sun, o Reliance Digital TV, o Airtel DTH (Bharti Airtel); o Public sector DD Direct Plus. Presently five IPTV Platforms are available for Subscription in India in the main cities as Broadband Internet penetration.

Questions related to this Chapter

1-L. Which book is not written by Ravindra Nath Tagore? (a) Gardener (b) The Future of India (c) Hungary Stones (d) The Court Dancer 2-G. What was the sirname of Indian patriot Chandra Shekhar Azad? (a) Tewari (b) Banerjee (c) Singh (d) Srivastava 3-O. Which book is not written by Mahatma Gandhi? (a) The Degeneration of India (b) Story of my Experiment with Truth (c) Hind Swaraj (d) Key to Health 4-D. which (a) (c) After splitting of U.S.S.R. in 1991, country has the largest area? Ukraine (b) Kazakhstan Turkmenistan (d) Kryghystan 8-L. Who was the eldest Patriots? (a) Asfaqullah Khan (b) Bhagat Singh (c) Chandra Shekhar Azad (d) Raj Guru of these

9-G. New editions of which magazines are still available in Indian market? (a) Dharmyug (b) Madhuri (c) Paraag (d) Kadambini 10-A. Which magazine of Delhi Press is not a fortnightly magazine? (a) Manohar Kahaniyaan (b) Grih Shobha (c) Champak (d) Womens Era 11-B. Which Mughal Emperor ruled over India for a minimum period? (a) Babur (b) Shah Jehan (c) Jehangir (d) Humaun 12-A. After 1947, for which foreign personality, India has not issued any Postage stamp in India? (a) Madam Curie (b) Sister Nivedita 68 (c) Abraham Lincoln 65 (d) Margarett Thetcher 13-L. Which disease was the main cause of multi-million human deaths worldwide till date? (a) Influenza (b) Malaria (c) Small Pox (d) Tuberculosis 14-A. India got its Republic on 26th January, 1950. When Pakistan got it? (a) 18th August, 1947 (b) 26th January, 1950 (c) 21st August, 1952 (d) 21st February, 1956

5-E. Cine Blitz magazine was launched in 1975. Which heroine was appeared on first issue of its cover page? (a) Poonam Dhillon (b) Madhuri Dixit (c) Zeenat Aman (d) Sri Devi 6-N. Which was not the main course of meals of Saabu in Chacha Chaudhary, a Hindi children book? (a) 108 Rotis (b) 20 Litres of Lassi (c) 12 kgs. of Halwa (d) Ek Mann Paani 7-G. As per Swamy Vivekanand, which country he found the Cleanest people on Earth, during his tour? (a) China (b) Japan (c) United States (d) India

15-B. Who first created the tradition of Aarti of River Ganges at Har ki Pauri, Haridwar? (a) Dadabhai Naorobi (b) Vallabhbhai Patel (c) Vivekanand (d) Madan Mohan Malviya 16-B. Who founded Bhartiya Vidhya Bhawan, an educational Institute in India? (a) Madan Mohan Malviya (b) K.M. Munshi (c) C. Rajgopalachari (d) Ravindra Nath Tagore 17-D. What was the date of Kakori Train Robbery during Indian Independence Movement? (a) 27th Feb., 1931 (b) 9th August, 1925 (c) 23rd March, 1931 (d) 13th April, 1919 18-S. Which historical disaster occurred due to Nuclear blast? (a) Itai Itai disaster (b) Dirty 30s (c) Chernobyl disaster was

(d)

Minamata disaster

19-D. Who along with Bhagat Singh, successfully undertook to throw Bombs in Central Assembly Hall during Indian Independence Movement? (a) Asfaqullah Khan (b) Rajguru (c) Udham Singh (d) Batukeshwar Dutt 20-E. Eenadu is a renowned and major newspaper of? (a) Telugu (b) Marathi (c) Asom (d) Malayalam 21-E. Which Indian Newspaper is fully published in color printing? (a) Mathrubhuni (b) Eenadu (c) Sakshi (d) Malayalam Manorama 22-N. Which magazines International edition is also available in US and UK market? (a) Outlook (b) Business India (c) India Today (d) Screen

Scoring System
The questions are divided into ten slabs of rating, as usual which has a numeral value. These letters are A, B, D, E, G, H, L, N, O and S.

Q. Ans. 1b 6-d 11-a 16-b 21-c

Q. Ans. 2-a 7-b 12-d 17-b 22-c

Q. Ans. 3-a 8-a 13-c 18-c

Q. Ans. 4-b 9-d 14-d 19-d

Q. Ans. 5-c 10-a 15-d 20-a

Bibliography:
When I compiled this chapter, I took help of some websites related to it. The following quotes and references were visited.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_independence_activists https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_India_by_readership http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire

Thank You!
20 part of the Book of The Key to Success
th

British Empire, Revolutionary Leaders and Newspapers of India

has been released. Hope you are enjoying. Now in this part of book you will find knowledge regarding History of rule of British Empire, some major disasters, Revolutionary Leaders and Newspapers and Magazines published in India and much more. I tried to give you as much information as possible regarding the above subject even knowing that there is too much to write on the subject matter. Again I request you all to share it with your friends too. Very soon you may buy the book in parts at a discounted rate from various online services including Amazon.com separately.