Name

Date

Lab Group: _______

Lab Session #14: Recitation Final Exam Review

Please complete these on a separate sheet of paper.

Unit 1Scientific Thinking

1. Suppose that one unsharpened pencil is 5.2 paperclips long. a) 10. 4 paper clips b) 38 paper clips a. How long would 2 unsharpened pencils be in paperclips? Show any calculation(s). b. A door opening is 7.3 unsharpened pencils wide. How big is the opening in paperclips? 2. The graph below shows the relationship between the velocity and time of a ball rolling down a ramp. a. Determine the vertical intercept and the (approximate) slope. Show Intercept: 2 m/s your work on the graph.
Slope: 0.8 m/s/s

10
vel (m/s)

b. Write the mathematical equation that states the relationship described by the graph. Use meaningful variables and units!
v = (0.8 m/s/s)t + 2 m/s

c. Write a clear, English sentence that describes the meaning of the 0 slope and the vertical intercept. Velocity at t = 0 is 2 m/s; object speeds up 0.8 m/s every second. d. What would be the velocity of the ball after it rolls for 20 seconds? Explain or show your work.
v = 0.820 + 2 = 18 m/s

time (s)

10

e. Calculate the approximate time at which the ball would reach a velocity of 50 m/s (assuming the trend here continues). 50 = 0.8t + 2 subtract 2 both sides
48 = 0.8t 60 seconds = t divide by 0.8 both sides

Unit 2Motion
3. Robin, rollerskating down a marked sidewalk, was observed at the following positions at the times listed below: Time (sec) 0 1 2 5 9 10 Position(m) 10 12 14 20 28 30
30

a. Plot a position vs. time graph for the skater on the axes provided.
20

b. Write a mathematical model (equation) that describes the skater's motion.

x = (2 m/s)t + 10 m 10

c. Was his speed constant over the entire interval? How do you know?
According to the data it was constant, 2 meters every second.

d. Sketch a velocity vs. time graph for the skater. Put NUMBERS and labels 4 on your axes. e. Calculate the position of the skater at t = 20.0 sec if he kept traveling at the same rate.
x = 50 m

8 v (m/s) 2

12

t (s)

f.

Calculate the skaters total displacement at t = 20.0 seconds. Is this the same as part e? Why
Displacement = final position initial position = 40 m

t (s)

a = -2.6 m/s/s displacement = area of + area of rectangle = 132 m

v (m/s)

4. At t = 0 a car has a velocity of 30 m/s. At t = 6 s, its velocity is 14 m/s. a) Draw a quantitative velocity-time graph for the car. b) What is its average acceleration during this time interval? c) How far did it travel during this interval?

+
30 14 6

PHS 110 Spring 2013

U3 Lab #13 v. kgw

5. Conflicting Contentions Task Consider the position vs. time graph to the right which shows the motion of objects A and B. Three students make the following observations about the motions of objects A and B: Student A says: Object B moves at a steady pace, while object A increases speed. Correction: object A decreases speed.

Position vs. Time

B
A

Student B says: No, object A and B move the same average speed, because they are at the same place at 5.0 s.This statement is trueaverage speed is the same.
However, this isnt the whole story of their motions.

Student C says: Yes, A and B are at the same place at 5.0 s, but A over takes B because he is slowing down. a. With which, if any, of these students do you agree?
Correction: B over takes A because A is slowing down.

None are entirely perfect, but student B is probably the best because his statement is true.

b. CORRECT the statements of any of the students with which you disagree. c. Carefully explain your reasoning.

Unit 3Forces (& Vectors)

6. Fred is on a train that travels east as shown in the picture. Fred gets bored and decides to try running across the train. He faces North and runs at a steady speed of 4 m/s for five seconds. Answer the following:
Vresult= 5 m/s NE VFred= 4 m/s N

Vtrain= 3 m/s E

a. Draw a sketch showing the overhead view of the train with vectors (arrows) sketched for Freds velocities as seen by Sam and Joe. b. Find Freds speed with respect to the train.
4 m/s

c. Find the Freds distance with respect to the ground. 25 meters (5 seconds of travel) d. Find Freds velocity with respect to the train.
VFred= 4 m/s N

e. Find Freds velocity with respect to the ground.

VFred= 5 m/s NE

7. Consider the "tension force" acting in each of the three springs if the spring scale held by the person reads 60 N in the figure below.

a.) Determine the tension in each of the springs. Spring A __________; Spring B__________; Spring C __________ b.) Find the size of the force exerted by the person on the scale. __________
PHS 110 Spring 2013 2 U3 Lab #13 v. kgw
60 N 60 N 30 N 30 N

8 . An air puck on a table with NO FRICTION experiences the following force situations. In each case, draw a MOTION MAP and explain what type of motion occurs and why in terms of forces. a. While resting on the air table, the puck experiences a constant push to the right.
velocity

Puck will speed up to the right

acceleration

b. The puck is moving to the right on the air table, but not one is pushing or pulling it.
velocity

Puck will travel at a constant speed

c. The puck is moving to the right on the air table and experiencing a CONSTANT FORCE to the left.
velocity acceleration

Puck will slow down while traveling to the right

d. The puck is moving to the east and experiences a brief kick (force) to the south. Describe the motion AFTER the kick.
Puck will travel at a constant speed to the southeast

Top View:
velocity

e. The puck is moving to the right on and leaves the edge of the table. In this case draw a FORCE DIAGRAM for the puck after it leaves the table, rather than a motion map.
Fearth on puck

9. A body falls freely from rest on Earth. Suppose that air resistance is NOT a factor. a. Find its speed in m/s at t = 3s. 30 m/s b. Find the time required for it to reach a speed of 85 m/s.
8.5 seconds
velocity 150

c. Sketch the velocity vs. time graph for the object if it falls for 15 seconds. How fast will it be going at the 15 second mark? Label the axes with numbers.
150 m/s

d. Recall that the AREA under a velocity vs. time graph gives how far an object goes (displacement). Use this fact and your velocity graph to find a falling objects displacement after falling for four seconds.
80 meters

time

15

e. Now calculate a falling objects displacement after falling for eight seconds. Is it twice the value you 320 meters; no, not twice as much because object calculated in part d? Why or why not?
speeds up, resulting in four times as much displacement when time is doubled

10. A 12, 000 kg bus slams on its brakes and slows from 30 m/s to 10 m/s in 10 s. -2 m/s/s a. What is the acceleration of the bus, in meters per second each second? b. What is the value of the net force acting on the bus to cause this acceleration?
-24000 N (opposite the direction of motion)

PHS 110 Spring 2013

U3 Lab #13 v. kgw

11. Answer true or false to the following questions. If it is false, correct it so that it becomes true. On the last one, pick the best choice. True (a) _______ A car is driving along a straight road at a constant speed . The force of the road up equals the force of the earth down.
True (b)_______ A car is driving along a straight road at a constant speed. The force of the road forward equals the force of the air and road backward. Balanced forces for constant speed.

(c)________ If the student pushes on the wall with 10 N of force, the wall does not push back. False
Wall pushes back with 10 N of False (d) ________ If a scale is placed between two cars when a big car pushes a small car, the scales shows that the force of the small car on the big car must be smaller than the force of the big car on the small car. the same size as True (e)________ A box sits on a scale on a table. The scale reads 40 N. If a person lifts up on the box with 10 N of force, then the scale will read 30 N. c (f)______ An object is going faster and faster to the right. You would expect: a. more force to the left than the right. b. the same force left and right. c. more force to the right than the left. d. more force up than down.

12. Two chunks of dry ice rest on a smooth table top. One has a mass of 1 kg, the other is 2 kg. A 4.0 N force is applied to each for 4 seconds. (assume there is no friction) a. What is the acceleration of each chunk? 1 kg chunk: a = 4 m/s/s 2 kg chunk: a = 2 m/s/s

b. Compare the velocities of the two chunks at the end of 4 seconds.

1 kg chunk: v = 16 m/s 2 kg chunk: v = 8 m/s

Unit 4Energy
Energy Transfer or Work = Fdistance Power = Energy/t
A spring whose spring constant is 850 N/m is compressed 0.40 m. a. Fill in the energy bar graphs for this situation. b. Use energy considerations to calculate the maximum speed this spring can give to a 0.50 kg ball.
v = 16.5 m/s

Eel = k x2 Eg = mgh Ek = mv2 For Multiple choice use g = 10 N/kg

13.

c. If the spring were compressed twice as much, how many times greater would the velocity of the ball be? Show your calculations.
v = 33 m/s The velocity will be twice as much, also.

PHS 110 Spring 2013

U3 Lab #13 v. kgw

14. An object is lifted 20 meters. By what fraction does its gravitational energy change if its height is tripled?
The gravitational energy will also be tripled!

15. Kevin (mass 82 kg) climbs Mt. Humphrey near Flagstaff. Kevins vertical elevation increases by 540 meters. Kara (mass 60 kg) climbs the same trail. Kevin takes 90 minutes to make the climb, while Kara takes 70 minutes to complete it. a. Who has more Eg at the top? Calculate and compare their energies.
EgKevin = 442,800 J EgKara = 324,000 J

b. Who exerted more power getting there? Calculate and compare their power.
PKevin = 82 Watts PKara = 77 Watts

Unit 5Electricity
16. Determine which of the bulbs will light in each of the following and trace the path followed by the charge.
Bulb 1 is lit; bulb 2 is unlit Both bulbs are lit

17. Suppose the circuit below has just been completed. The capacitor was charged prior to connection. The bulbs are bright. Assume that the charges have just started to move and that they have moved a very short distance through the corresponding wire. Fill in each blank (corresponding to a point on the circuit) with where the charges originated in the circuit from the description choices at right.

B Circuit Location A B C D E F G
bulb Connecting wire Capacitor Plate Connecting wire bulb Connecting wire

C R

Origin of Charge
Connecting wire

Choices:
a capacitor plate the battery a connecting wire a bulb none of these A

D +++ +++ --- --E

R G F

PHS 110 Spring 2013

U3 Lab #13 v. kgw

18. List the circuits below in order of LEAST overall resistance to MOST overall resistance. Dont worry about the number of batteries.

Least E, A, C, D, B most

19. A capacitor is charged through two bulbs (Figure 2a) and then discharged through a single bulb (Figure 2b). Show appropriate starbursts and arrowtails for each circuit, and mark each of the following statements as True or False (T or F). If a statement is False, re-write it as a correct statement.

True The same amount of charge flows during charging and discharging. a. _____ False More charge flows through the single bulb than through the two bulbs. b. _____ Same amount of charge..

True Charge flows at a greater rate through the single bulb than through the two bulbs. c. _____ True The single bulb shines brighter than either bulb in the two-bulb circuit. d. _____ True The total resistance of the two bulbs is greater than that of the single bulb. e. _____ False A compass would show a larger deflection for Figure 2a than for Figure 2b. f. _____ True The brightest bulb(s) indicate the fastest charge flow. g. _____ 2b 2a

PHS 110 Spring 2013

U3 Lab #13 v. kgw