Acoustics Modeling with FLUENT

Sandeep Sovani, Ph.D.

Technical Support Engineer, Automotive Team June 5th, 2003

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Outline
Aeroacoustics Background
Basics Simulation Approaches

Simulation Guide
Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) Ffowcs-Williams Hawkins Model Fluent Sysnoise Coupling

Examples Future Work Summary

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Aeroacoustics: Basics

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Aeroacoustics: Basics
Acoustic Medium Flow Sound Receiver

Source

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Aeroacoustics: Basics
Three types of acoustic sources: Monopole Dipole
Flow Flow

Quadrapole
Flow

m = m(t)
Acoustic ~ Vel4 Power

psurface = psurface(t)
Acoustic ~ Vel6 Power

Turbulent Stresses

Acoustic ~ Vel8 Power

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Aeroacoustics: Basics
Outputs Desired from Experimentation/Analysis: Source Strengths
Source Ranking

Frequency Spectrum
At observer

Directivity Propagation

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Aeroacoustics: Simulation Approaches

Source characteristics are governed by NavierStokes equations
Time varying mass-flowrate (monopole) Surface pressure fluctuations (dipole) Turbulent stresses (quadrapole)

Sound propagation is governed by wave equation Receiver p(t) Source

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Aeroacoustics: Simulation Approaches

Wave equation is a special case of NavierStokes equations CFD solves the Navier-Stokes equations In theory, sound generation as well as propagation can be simulated simply by
a transient CFD simulation
Domain spanning from sources to receivers

monitor pressure at the receiver locations as function of time

However, there are several practical problems

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Aeroacoustics: Simulation Approaches

Practical problems in using CAA (Direct CFD) 1] Frequency range (20 Hz ~ 20,000 Hz)
Acoustic timescales are often orders of magnitude greater than turbulence timescales Simulation needs to be run for long real time with a small timesteps, i.e. for large no. of timesteps

2] Radiation to Far Field

Domain needs to extend from source to receiver Large mesh sizes for far-field sound problems e.g. aircraft noise heard on the ground

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Aeroacoustics: Simulation Approaches

3] Acoustic Pressure Magnitude
Magnitude of the acoustic pressure is much less than the hydrodynamic pressure Necessitates use of very high order discretization schemes (5th 6th order)
140 120

SPL (dB)

100 80 60 40 20 0

patm ~ 1E+5 Pa
1.E-03

1.E-04

Pressure (Pascal)

1.E-02

1.E-01

1.E+00

1.E+01

1.E+02

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Aeroacoustics: Simulation Approaches

Option 1 Comprehensive Transient CFD Analysis
Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA)

Option 2 Couple CFD with Wave Equation Solver/ BEM code

Simulate region around the source with CFD Provide CFD pressure, velocity data as boundary conditions to a wave equation solver/BEM code

Option 3 Acoustic Modeling

Simulate region around the source with CFD Propagate sound to receiver with Analytical Models

Option 4 Acoustics Estimation from Local Turbulence Scales Decreasing Use correlations that relate local source strength to local turbulence scales accuracy Decreasing computational effort

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Aeroacoustics: Simulation Approaches

Features & Limitations
Expensive computations Can account for reflection Can propagate sound through shells Can account for effect of sound on flow Solution Scheme Accuracy

Option 1 CAA Most Yes No Yes Transient Good

Option 2 Coupled CFD/BEM Moderate Yes Yes No Transient Good

Option 3 Acoustic Modeling Moderate No No No Transient Good

Option 4 Turbulence Correlation Least No No No Steady State Limited

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Simulation Guide: CAA

CAA (Computational Aeroacoustics)
Currently usable only for
Near field acoustics Low frequencies

Useful where hydrodynamic noise dominates

Implementation:
mesh edge length =

D. Hendriana, S. Sovani, and M. Schiemann, On Simulating Passenger Car Side Window Buffeting, SAE 2003-01-1316, 2003.

length scale of turbulent eddies whose timescale is 1/(max frequency)

Time step = 1/(max frequency)/10 Run simulation for total real time = (1/(min frequency))*10

Monitor static pressure at microphone

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Simulation Guide: Ffowcs-Williams Hawkins

Based on a two step approach
Simulate transient flow field accurately only around sources Propagate noise from source to receiver via analytical solution of wave equation
developed by Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkins, 1969

Acoustic Receiver
Source Region

Navier-Stokes Equation

Wave Equation F-W H

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Simulation Guide: Ffowcs-Williams Hawkins

Advantages
Need CFD solution only around source Less expense/improved accuracy

Disadvantages
Cant account for reflection Cant account for backward effect of sound on flow

Potential Automotive Applications

Wind Noise
Side view mirror, Wipers, Rain gutter, Cavity noise

HVAC Duct Noise Muffler Noise propagation

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Simulation Guide: Ffowcs-Williams Hawkins

Usage
1] Setup mesh/turbulence-models/solver-settings for an accurate CFD solution around sources
Same restriction for spatial and temporal resolution as for CAA mesh edge length =
length scale of turbulent eddies whose timescale is 1/(max frequency)

Time step = 1/(max frequency)/10

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Simulation Guide: Ffowcs-Williams Hawkins

Usage
2] Select acoustic source surfaces
Source surfaces can be impermeable (walls) or permeable (e.g. interiors)

Receiver

Receiver

Wall Source Surface

Duct

Interior Source Surface

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Simulation Guide: Ffowcs-Williams Hawkins

Usage
3] Select whether sound calculation should be done on the fly
Extract Acoustics Signals Simultaneously

If Write Source Data Files is selected p, u, v, w, data will be written out to files after every few timesteps

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Simulation Guide: Ffowcs-Williams Hawkins

On-the-fly Sound Calculation Transient calculations (URANS, LES, DES) Read & Compute

Save source data , u,v,w,p on emission surfaces

sound pressure SPL PSD

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Simulation Guide: Ffowcs-Williams Hawkins

Usage
4] Specify receiver points
Before running transient simulation for on the fly option Before or after running transient simulation for save source data files option Receivers can be inside or outside the CFD mesh

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Simulation Guide: Ffowcs-Williams Hawkins

Usage
5] Run transient simulation
For total real time = (1/(min frequency))*10

6] If using write source data files option

Execute Read and Compute Sound p, u, v, w, data is read from stored files Ffowcs-Williams Hawkins integral is performed Sound pressure vs. time data is written out for each receiver in a separate output file

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Simulation Guide: Ffowcs-Williams Hawkins

7] Perform FFT of receiver sound pressure signal to obtain PSD or SPL spectrum
FFT Utility FFT utility is available for general analysis of unsteady data Features
Plot and pruning utility
Enables users to inspect and select signal

Multiple choices of window functions

Hamming Hanning Barlett Blackman

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics FFT Utility: Usage Basics 2 3 4 5 1. Read in plot file containing Simulation data Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 2. Apply pruning to remove Simulation unwanted portions of the Guide data set CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 3. Select Window option and 16 17 18 19 20 x-y axes functions 21 22 23 24 25 4. Plot the FFT (Can Sysnoise 26 optionally write FFT data Examples to file) 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47
Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Simulation Guide: Ffowcs-Williams Hawkins

Simulation Guide: Ffowcs-Williams Hawkins

Original Data

Pruned Data

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Simulation Guide: Ffowcs-Williams Hawkins

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Simulation Guide: Ffowcs-Williams Hawkins

More information:
Usage: Fluent 6.1 Manual Implementation of F-W H model: Kim S,-E., Dai Y., Koutsavdis E.K., Sovani S.D., Kadam N.A., Ravuri M.R., A Versatile Implementation of Acoustic Analogy Based Noise Prediction Method in a General Purpose CFD Code, AIAA-2003-3202 (2003) Theory: Ffowcs Williams J.E. and Hawkins D.L., Sound Generation by Turbulence and Surfaces in Arbitrary Motion, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, A264 (A1151) pp. 321-342 (1969)

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Simulation Guide: Fluent-Sysnoise Coupling

Available in Fluent6.1 and Sysnoise5.6 Beneficial over F-W H when sound reflection is important Usage:
1] Setup mesh/turbulence-models/solver-settings same as F-W H 2] Select source surfaces and select write source data to files option. Fluent will create:
One .index file Multiple .asd files

3] Create a model for the acoustic domain in Sysnoise 4] Fluent created .index and .asd files can be directly imported into Sysnoise

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Examples: (1) 2D Cylinder

Vorticity Magnitude Contours

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Examples: (1) 2D Cylinder

Well documented and studied Experimental results from Revell et. al. Lockheed Report 28074 Cylinder diameter of 0.019 m Free stream velocity of 69.2 m/s Reynolds number ~ 90,000 2-D LES, t = 2E-6 sec Cylinder surface used for F-WH integration

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide Vorticity CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15Contours 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Examples: (1) 2D Cylinder

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Examples: (1) 2D Cylinder

FFT of sound pressure level at the observers position

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Examples: (1) 2D Cylinder

1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0

1.47 1.32
Cd Strouhal Number

0.187

0.19

Experiment

FLUENT

Comparison of LES results from FLUENT with experiment

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Examples: (1) 2D Cylinder

140 120

117 100 102

114

Experiment FLUENT

100

SPL (dB)

80

60 40

20 0

128D Observer Location 35D

Comparison of LES results from FLUENT with experiment for SPL

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Examples: (2) Generic Side View Mirror

Generic Side-View Mirror shape
Half cylinder (0.2 m dia. and height) Reference: Topped by quarter sphere Lokhande B.S., Sovani Mounted on a flat plate S.D., Xu J., Computational aeroacoustic analysis of a generic side view mirror SAE Paper 2003-01-1698, SAE NVH Conference

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Examples: (2) Generic Side View Mirror

Aim:
Test all three acoustics modeling strategies with CFD:
CAA Ffowcs-Williams Hawkins Method Fluent-Sysnoise coupling

Predict with each strategy:

Transient pressure fluctuation on acoustic source surfaces (base plate and mirror body) Sound pressure level at microphone locations away from the mirror

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Examples: (2) Generic Side View Mirror

Computational Domain:
Modeled hemispherical region around mirror and base-plate Hexahedral elements. Total 1.39 million

Inlet

Mirror Mirror

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Examples: (2) Generic Side View Mirror

Side View

Top View

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Examples: (2) Generic Side View Mirror

Boundary Conditions:
Inlet velocity = 200 km/hr Re = 7 105

Pressure Far-Field Walls Symmetry

Velocity Inlet

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Examples: (2) Generic Side View Mirror

Solution Settings:
CFD code: Fluent 6.1 Solver: Segregated Implicit Turbulence Model: LES
Smagorinsky-Lilly sub-grid scale model

Discretization schemes:
Time: 2nd order implicit Momentum: 2nd order upwind Pressure-Velocity Coupling: SIMPLE

Transient Solution:
Timestep size: 60 microsecond Total timesteps: 2100 Run time: 4.75 days Hardware: 2 processors, Intel P4, 2.2 GHz, RedHat Linux

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Examples: (2) Generic Side View Mirror

Flow Structure: Instantaneous Vorticity Iso-Surface

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Flow Structure: Transient Flow Pressure & Velocity

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Examples: (2) Generic Side View Mirror

Microphone Locations
Pt. 102 Pt. 101 Pt. 102

Pt. 101

Side View

Top View

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani B. Lokhande, S. Sovani, Fluent Inc., J. Xu, ICEM-CFD AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Examples: (2) Generic Side View Mirror

SPL Spectrum

Reference for Experimental Data: Hold et al. (AIAA-991896) and Seigert et (AIAA-99-1895) Excessive fluctuations seen since data is presented al. from a single
sample

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 110 2 3 4 5 Experimental Point 101 Simulation CFD - CAA Approaches CFD - AA 6 7 8 9 10 11 90 Simulation Guide 70 CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 50 Reference for 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Experimental Data: Examples Hold et al. (AIAA-9930 27 28 29 30 31 1896) and Seigert et 32 33 34 35 36 (AIAA-99-1895) from a single 37 38 39 40 41 Excessive fluctuations seen since data is presented al. 10sample 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Frequency (Hz) Summary 47

Examples: (2) Generic Side View Mirror

SPL Spectrum

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

SPL (dB)

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Examples: (2) Generic Side View Mirror

SPL Spectrum

Reference for Experimental Data: Hold et al. (AIAA-991896) and Seigert et al. (AIAA-99-1895) Excessive fluctuations seen since data is presented from a single
sample

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Examples: (2) Generic Side View Mirror

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

FluentSysnoise Coupling

At 54 Hz

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Future Work
Fan Noise
F-W H approach is capable of handling rotating source surfaces Work in progress
allow export of acoustic source data from moving surfaces couple Fluent and Sysnoise for moving/rotating acoustic sources

Acoustics Estimation from Turbulence

Work in progress to include
Lilley source term Boundary Layer noise Linearized Euler equation

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential

Outline 1 Aeroacoustics Basics 2 3 4 5 Simulation Approaches 6 7 8 9 10 11 Simulation Guide CAA 12 F-W H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sysnoise 26 Examples 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Future Work 46 Summary 47

Summary
Acoustics modeling approaches with Fluent 6.1
Direct CAA (Computational Aeroacoustics) F-W H Model (Ffowcs-Williams Hawkins) Fluent-Sysnoise Coupling

New FFT Tool for acoustics and general transient signals Bottom line: Accuracy of acoustic predictions is directly determined by accuracy of underlying transient CFD solution

Acoustics Modeling: Sandeep Sovani AUTO UGM 2003 Confidential